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The Muscular System. Muscles in the Body. There are over 650 muscles in the human body. They are named due to many factors. . Naming Skeletal Muscles (1). Location of muscle Bone or body region associated with the muscle Shape of muscle Ex: deltoid (triangular) Relative size - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Muscular System
Muscles in the Body
There are over 650 muscles in the human body.
They are named due to many factors.
Naming Skeletal Muscles (1) Location of muscle
Bone or body region associated with the muscle
Shape of muscle Ex: deltoid (triangular)
Relative size Ex: maximus (large), minimus
(small), longus (long) Direction of fibers
Ex: rectus (fibers run straight), transversus, oblique (fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined axis.
Naming Skeletal Muscles (2)
Number of origins Ex: biceps (2 origins) and triceps
(3 origins) Location of attachments
Named according to point of origin or insertion.
Action Ex: flexor or extensor, as in the
names of muscles that flex or extend.
Muscles of the Scalp
Epicranius 2 part muscle consisting of the following:Frontalis
Primary function is to raise the eyebrows.Occipitalis
Works with the frontalis
Temporalis Located on the
side of your forehead.
One of the major muscles of mastication (chewing) Allows you to raise
your cheeks
Sternocleidomastoid Muscles
Anterior muscles of the neck that act to flex and rotate the head.
Trapezius Large muscle that
extends from the neck to a person’s back.
Responsible for: Shrugging Turn head side to side. Drawing the shoulder
bones toward the midline. Pulling the shoulder
blades down. Elevate the scapula Rotate the scapula
Deltoid Muscle forming the
round contour of the shoulder.
Responsible for:Shoulder abductionLifts the arm from to
the side of the body.
Flexion Extension
Biceps Brachii
Muscles in the upper arm Have several functions:
Flex the elbowRotate the forearm
Triceps
Found in the upper arm. An extensor muscle,
unlike the biceps which act as flexors.
Allows for elbow extension, which allows for pressing activities.
Pectoralis Major
Also known as the “pecs.” Thick, fan-shaped muscle
at the upper front of the chest wall.
Actions: Flexes the humerus (upper
arm) Draws the scapula
anteriorly (back) and inferiorly (down)
Rectus Abdominis
Paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen.
Commonly known as the “abs” Functions
Key postural muscle Responsible for flexing the lumbar spine as when
doing a “crunch.”Can play a role in respiration
Oblique Muscles
Located on the sides of the abdomen. Allow you to twist.
Latissimus
Large flat dorso-lateral muscle of the trunk.
Also known as the “lat.” Responsible for:
Extension, adduction, transverse extension, and internal rotation of the shoulder joint.
It also has a synergistic role in extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine.
Gluteus Maximus
It is a large muscle in the butt. One of the strongest muscles in your
body. Responsible for:
Extends the femurKeeps body upright when motion is occurring
and when motion stops.
Rectus fermoris
One of the four quadriceps muscles
Located in the middle, front of the thigh.
Functions:Hip flexionKnee extension
Sartorius
A long, thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh.
Longest muscle in the human body.
Responsible for: Abduction, flexion, and
lateral rotation of the hip Medial rotation of the
knee
Hamstrings
Located in the back of your leg.
Responsible for:Flexion of the kneeWalking, running,
jumping, and controlling some movement of the trunk.
Gastrocnemius
Located in the back part of the lower leg.
Also called the calf. Involved in:
Standing, walking, running, and jumping.
Tibialis anterior
Muscle in the shin that spans the length of the tibia.
Functions to stabilize the ankle and foot.