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The multicellular organism. Dr. Ajith Sominanda (MBBS, MPhil, PhD) Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine-Peradeniya. Objectives for SBM-1/2 . b. The multicellular organism - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The multicellular organism
Dr. Ajith Sominanda (MBBS, MPhil, PhD)Department of AnatomyFaculty of Medicine-Peradeniya
Objectives for SBM-1/2
b. The multicellular organism
1. understand the levels of organization of the multicellular organism from cells, tissues, organs and systems and their integration in to human being
2. understand the terms “totipotent” and “pluripotent” 3. understand that the functional unit of the
multicellular organism is the tissue 4. state the basic systems of the body and their
functions
Where to find the objectives
http://www.pdn.ac.lkhttp://www.pdn.ac.lk/uop/main/faculty_centers.htmlhttp://www.med.pdn.ac.lkhttp://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/curriculum/coursemap.htmlhttp://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/groups/1/y1s1/foundation.html
http://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/groups/1/y1s1/foundation.html
Living versus Non-living things
@ First School YearsSort the pictures into living and non-living things.
Living Things Non-Living Things
Living versus Non-living things
Features Living Non-living
Consists of physical matter
yes Yes
Consumption of energy
Yes Yes
Changes in quantity Yes Yes
Can multiply Yes ?
Propagate characteristics
Yes no
An attempt to describe a living thing
A something capable of • Growing• Using energy for its activities• Formation of its copies / offspring appears to be a living thing
Scientific term for living thing is ORGANISM
Copies
Living versus Non-living things
Life at molecular level
Inorganic molecules
organic moleculesbiomolecules
Are Prion protein and virus organisms ?
Prion = ‘Protein’ + ‘infectious’Infectious proteins
The scientific definition
An organized thing or a system capable of self 1.Growth2.Synthesis and degradation of materials by utilizing or releasing energy-Metabolism3.Keep a balance of the activities and conditions - Homeostasis4.Response to the environmental stimuli5.Reproduction
What is a cell
• The cell is considered as the basic structural unit of the living things (organism)
Unicellular Versus Multicellular organisms
• OrganismsMulticellular organism
Unicellular organism
Process of Unicellular to multi cellular organization
The long process -The evolution The short process – The Embryogenesis,
growth & Development
Ability (Potential) of a cell to change (differentiate) into different cell types during embryogenesis
1. Totipotent - cells having total (full) potential to differentiate into another cell
2. Pluripotent- cells having some potential to develop into another cells
3. Unipotent cells - cells having no potential to develop into another cell
Germinal cell layers
Organization of cells to form specific functions
group of cells that is aggregated to perform a specific function/s are called TISSUES
Tissue is the functional unit of multi cellular organism
Four basic types of tissues
1. Epithelial Tissue2. Connective tissue3. Muscle Tissue4. Nerve or Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Functions of tissues
Type of tissue Function Principle Cell types
1. Epithelial tissue Covering, secretion
Epithelial cells
2. Connective tissue1.Loose (areolar) connective tissue2.Dense connective tissue
Support Fibroblasts
Special connective tissue 1.Adipose tissue2.Cartilage3.Bone4.Hematopoietic tissue
SupportPackingProtectionmetabolism
AdipocytesChondrocytesOsteocytesBlood progenitor cells
3. Muscle tissue Contractility / movement
Muscle fibers
4. Nervous tissue communication
Neurons and glial cells,
Levels of organization of multicellular organism
Level 1 CellLevel 2 TissueLevel 3 OrganLevel 4 SystemLevel 5 Organism; the human
Organs of the human body
Tissues form the organs
Tissues form the organs
What are the tissues that compose this organ
A
B
C
D
Tissues and organs form the systems
List the functions of the systems in our body
• Circulatory system• Respiratory system• Alimentatory (Digestive) system• Nervous system• Endocrine system• Excretory system• Reproductive system• Lymphatic system
Summary
New Terms
1. Cell2. Embryo3. Totipotent ,pluripotent4. Tissue5. Organ6. System7. Epithelium, Epithelia8. Muscle9. Nerve10. Glia11. Bone12. Cartilage13. Fibroblast14. Chondroblast15. Osteoblast16. Osteoclast
17. Evolution18. Circulation19. Respiration20. Digestion21. Excretion22. Reproduction23. Lymph, Lymphatic24. Haematopoietic tissue
References
• Molecular Cell Biology by Harvey Lodish
• Basic Histology by Carlos Junqueira• WWW.
Thank you