The Mughal Style

7/25/2019 The Mughal Style

1/17

THE MUGHAL STYLE

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUGHAL STYLE UNDER RULERS:

1. Babur

2. Shershah

3. Hua!u"#. A$bar

%. &aha"'(r

). Shah*aha"

+. Aura"'a,eb

FEATURES:

1. Bu(-("' ar/ (" "0r/her" "(a a//a("e (/s 0s/ su/u0us 0r.

2. M0"ue"/s r0u4e ur("' /h(s er(0 a! be re'are as rerese"/("' a"

"(a" suer 0 M0s-e ar/ a" ar4h(/e4/ure.3. A 0r 0 /he bu(-("' ar/ eer'e e5ress(6e 0 /h(s ru-("' !"as/!.

#. Fa4/0rs:

%. 7ea-/h a" 08er 0 /he e(re.

). Re-a/(6e-! se//-e 40"(/(0" /ha/ re6a(-e (" 0s/ ar/s 0 /he 40u"/r!.

+. Pr0"0u"4e aes/he/(4 "a/ure 0 /he u'ha- ru-ers 4u-/ure.

MUGHAL STYLE RESOLVES TSELF NTO T7O MAN FEATURES:

1 bu(-("'s 0 re sa"s/0"e 9a$bar

2 bu(-("'s 0 8h(/e arb-e 9shah*aha".

BABUR (1526-31)

Bu(-("' a4/(6(/(es 4h(e-! (" /he 0r 0 0r"ae"/a- 'are"s a" 0s;ues.

M0s;ues 8ere a(r-! -ar'e s/ru4/ures bu/ ( "0/ 0ssess a"! (s/("4/(6e ar4h(/e4/ura-

4hara4/er.

M0re ("4-("e /08ars re'u-ar(/! a" s!e/r! (" h(s ar0a4h.

N0 bu(-("' /!e e5a-es

1 0s;ues 0s;ue a/ $abu-( ba'h#%

"0 bu(-("' /!e e5a-e

1 0s;ues

2 /0bs /0b a/ hasa" $ha"

/0b a/ 4ha("ur/0b a/ sher shah< sasara


2/17

/0b a/ sa-( 9sher shahs s0"

3 'a/e8a!s

# 0/hers

PHASE : BULDNGS AT DELH

"0 bu(-("' /!e e5a-es1 0s;ues ;(-a>(>$uh"a as*(

2 /0bs

3 'a/e8a!s bara ar8a,a

# 0/hers ura"a ;(-a 0r 0- 0r/

0r/ a/ r0h/as

TOMBS:

1.TOMB OF HASAN KHAN, SASARAM(1535)

as/er bu(-er> a-(8a- $ha" aus0u-eu bu(-("' 40"/a("e 8(/h(" a 8a--e e"4-0sure.

bu(-("' s/a"s -e6e- 8(/h /he 'r0u" 8(/h "0 -("/h.

(-e s/0re! (s ere-! a bare 8a-- 0 -(//-e ("/ers/.

2.TOMB OF SHER SHAH SUR

2%=? 8(e 3 s/0re!s /hus r0u4("' a" (e"se !ra(a- (-e (" % (s/("4/

s/a'es u/0 1%=?

7h0-e s/ru4/ure s/a"s (" /he (-e 0 a 'rea/ -a$e.

A44ess b! ea"s 0 a 4ause8a! 0" /he "0r/her" s(e 0 /he -a$e.

T80 s/0r(es 40r(se /he 0u"a/(0" 0 /h(s (s-a" /0b.

S/ee basee"/ r(s("' 0u/ 0 /he 8a/er a" /a-- /erra4e ab06e 8h(4h (s

s;uare (" -a" 8(/h a" 04/a'0"a- /0b (" /hree s/a'es.

Sur0u"/e b! a /0b.

L08es/ s/0re! (s (" /he 0r 0 a 6era"ah< ha6("' /r(-e ar4hs (" ea4h 0 (/s

e('h/ s(es 8(/h a r0*e4/("' ea6e ab06e 06er 8h(4h r(ses a h('h 4re"e-a/e

arae/.

Se40" s/a'e (s a s4ree"e 8a-- 8(/h a r0*e4/("' 8("08 0e"("'s be/8ee". Th(r s/a'e (s /he ru 0 /he 0e.

T0b 4haber (s e"/ere /hr0u'h /he e"4(r4-("' 6era"ah b! 00r8a!s.

S("'-e 6au-/e ha--.

3.TOMB OF SALIM ( SHER SHAHS SON)

Maus0-eu -04a/e (" a -ar'e ar/((4(a- -a$e.

@ause8a!< a-/h0u'h reseb-("' a br('e has "0 ar4hes.

@ause8a! 40"s(s/s 0 su44ess(0" 0 (ers 8(/h /he ("/er6e"("' sa4es

sa""e b! s/0"e bea"s ha6("' bra4$e/ su0r/s.


3/17

Ea4h (er 4arr!("' a $(0s$ a" r0*e4/("' ba-40"(es.

Phase ((> bu(-("'s a/ e-h(

MOSUES:

1 QILA-I-KHUNA MASJID:(1542)

'e 0 ar4h(/e4/ura- es('".

R0!a- 4hae- 0 /he sur ru-es.

Faae 40"s(s/s 0 a" arra"'ee"/ 0 (6e ar4h8a!s.

@e"/re ar4h su"$ (" a" ar4he re4ess 40"/a("e 8(/h(" a r0"0u"4e

re4/a"'u-ar r0"/a'e.

Lar'e s("'-e -0( 0e.

"/er(0r (s 0re 0 0"e -ar'e ha-- (6(e ("/0 % ba!s b! -a/era- ar4hes.

A//a4he /0 (/s 0u/er 8a--s are 0r(e- 8("08s 0" r0*e4/e ba-40"(es.

T80 subs/a"/(a- s/a(r /urre/s 0"e a/ ea4h rear a"'-e.

Pr(6a/e e"/ra"4es 0" /he "0r/h a" s0u/hs s(e.

Beau/! 0 /he e5/er(0r -(es (" /he 40"4e/(0" a" /rea/e"/ 0 /he aae.

Sa"s/0"e a" ("-a!s (" 8h(/e arb-e a" a//er"s (" 40-0ure ("-a!.

"/er(0r 8a-- 40"s(s/ 0 /hree suer (0se r08s 0 ar4hes ea4h r08

(("(sh("' (" he('h/ as (/ as4e"s.

Gr0u" -00r : C ar4hes

Uer -00r : 1)

Uer0s/: 32

A"'-es (" ea4h s/a'e are br('e b! a -("/e- 8(/h (/s 4e"/re su0r/e b! a

r0*e4/("' 40rbe-.

Bea a" bra4$e/ e/h0:

L('h/ (s a(//e /hr0u'h /he 00r8a!s a" /hr0u'h er0ra/e s4ree"s ("

/he /r(0r(u ar4ae.

As a 8h0-e /he ("/er(0r (s 0era/e-! -a(" e54e/ 0r ("s4r(/(0"s 0" /he;(b-a 8a--.

M0"ue"/ 0 ("e sa"s/0"e 8(/h '-a,e a" a("/e e40ra/(0"s 0" (/s

e5/er(0r 8a--s.

B0- 'e0e/r(4a- es('"s a" a 8h(/e 0e.

/ 8as ("/e"/e /ha/ /he bu(-("' sh0u- ha6e (/s a4es 00s(/e /he 0("/s 0

/he 40ass< bu/ 0" 40-e/("' /he 'rea/ s/ee -("/h (/ 8as (s406ere

/ha/ /hr0u'h s0e (s4a-4u-a/(0" /he 0u"a/(0" 8a--s 8as C (" err0r

He"4e /he 'r0u" -a" 8as su(4(e"/-! ("4-("e /0 br("' /0 br("' (/s s(es

e5a4/-! (" /he r('h/ (re4/(0" ;u(/e 0u/ 0 -("e 0 basee"/ -a".


4/17

Or('("a- ("/e"/(0" 0 rea4h("' /he /0b b! a s/a/e 0 bar'e.

P-a" 8as aba"0"e a" ("/r0u4/(0" 0 /he 4ause8a! a4r0ss /he 8a/er a"

br('e hea 'uar r00 as e"/ra"4e.

E5a4/ shae 0 ar4h sh0u- be "0/e as /here (s a s-('h/ r0 0r -a/"ess (" /he

4ur6e /08ars /he 4r08".INTERIOR:

E-e'a"/ r00r/(0"s 0 (/s (6e ba!s.

Ee4/(6e arra"'ee"/ 0 (/s ar4hes a" ar4haes 8(/h b0- 0u-("'s.

P-as/(4 e"r(4he"/ 0 (/s ;(b-a 8a--s.

Vau-/e r00.

R00("' s!s/e : 3 (ere"/ e/h0s

@e"/re : s;u("4h

Ne5/ba!: u"usua- 6ar(e/! 0 s/a-a4/(/e

E" 40ar/e"/: 4r0ss r(b a" se( 6au-/

M(hrabs> % (" /0/a-

O"e 6au-/e "(4he (s 40"/a("e 8(/h(" /he 0/her.

De40ra/(6e /rea/e"/ 0 /he (0s/s< 0-(a/(0" 0 /he a*0r ar4h< e-(4a/e-!

("s4r(be b0rer 0r("' /he e"4-0s("' re4/a"'-e.

N0/ab-e ea/ures:

O/hers:

!"#$# %&'# (") ' *"+:

A 8a--e e"4-0sure 0 40"s(erab-e s(,e a" 0r("' /he 4(/ae- ar0u"

8h(4h sher shah 0re h(s 4a(/a-.

7he" 40-e/e (/ 8as a" (ress(6e 40"4e"/ra/(0" 0 (-(/ar! a" a-a/(a-

ar4h(/e4/ure.

N08 (/ (s ere-! a" e/! she--.

Gre! bas/(0"e 8a--s 0 r0u'h bu/ 8e-- b0"e rubb-e as0"r!.

Bara ar8a,a: 9'a/e8a!s

E"/ra"4e /0 /h(s s/r0"' h0-.

Re s00/h sa"s/0"e 8h(/e arb-e ("se/s 0 b-ue '-a,e.

F0r/ a/ r0h/as:

Ou/0s/ /0 06er08er 8(- /r(bes (" /h(s 0r/(0" 0 h(s 0("-0"s.

S/0"e 8a--s 3=>#= ("4hes /h(4$.

T8e-6e 'a/e8a!s 8ere e54e/(0"a--! ("e e5a-es 0 /he ar4h(/e4/ure 0 /he

er(0.

S0ha- 'a/e:

Guars s8 8a--. Ar4h(/e4/ura--! 'ra4eu--..


5/17

+= ("4hes he('h/.

@e"/ra- ar4h8a! (" a -ar'er ar4he re4ess.

Pr0*e4/("' aer(a- 8("08 0" e(/her 8a-- s(e.

Ea4h -("e a" -a"e has a s0ber a" ass(6e e-e'a"4e.

HUMAUN: (1531-56)

N0 bu(-("' /!e e5a-es

1 0s;ues 0s;ue a/ a'ra

0s;ue a/ a/ehaba (ra$ (r,a 'h(!as.

%. "(a" ("/erre/a/(0" 0 a Pers(a" 40"4e/(0".

). " s(r(/ a" s/ru4/ure /he /0b rerese"/s a s!"/hes(s 0 /80 0 /he 'rea/bu(-("' /ra(/(0"s 0 as(a < /he Pers(a" a" "(a".

+. ""06a/(0" 0 /he s4hee 0 /he aus0-eu 8(/h a sa4(0us ar$ -($e

e"4-0sure.

C. Pr06(s(0" 0 se4-us(0" a" se4ur("' a" ar0r(a/e se//("'.

. " /he (-e 0 ea4h 0 /he 0ur s(es a" (0s("' 'a/e8a! 8as ("/r0u4e

8es/ be("' /he a(" e"/ra"4e.

1=.Pass("' /hr0u'h /he e"/ra"4e 'a/e8a! ("/0 /he 'are" (/s -ar'er area (s see"

/0 be -a( 0u/ (" a 0ra- arra"'ee"/ 0 s;uare a" re4/a"'u-ar 400"e"/s

8(/h -08ere bes.11.Gare" (s 4areu--! es('"e a" r00r/(0"e s0 as /0 0r a" ("/e'ra- ar/

0 ar4h(/e4/ura- 400s(/(0".

12.Th(s 4e"/ra- bu(-("' s/a"s 0" a 8(e a" -0/! sa"s/0"e /erra4e 22 ee/ ("

he('h/ 8(/h ar4ae s(es.

13.Ea4h ar4h8a! 0e"s ("/0 a sa-- r00 0r /he a4400a/(0" 0 6(s(/0rs.

1#.O44u!("' /he (-e 0 /he uer sura4e (s /he /0b s/ru4/ure 1%) ee/ ("

s(e a" s;uare (" -a".

1%." e-e6a/(0" /he 0ur s(es are a-($e ea4h a4e 40"s(s/("' a 4e"/ra- re4/a"'u-ar

r0"/r0" 40"/a("("' a" ar4he re4ess.


6/17

1).O6era-- (s a 'rea/ arb-e /0b r(s("' /0 1#= ee/ 8(/h a 4-us/er 0 (--are

$(0s$ ha6("' 4u0-a r00s 0" ea4h s(e.

1+."/er(0r res0-6es ("/0 40ar/e"/.

1C.The -ar'es/ (s 0r /he eer0r /he sa--er 0"es 0r h(s a(-!.

1.Ea4h r00 (s 04/a'0"a- (" -a" a" /he! are 40""e4/e b! ra(a/("' 0r(a'0"a- assa'es.

2=.@-eres/0r! 8("08s 0re 0 er0ra/e s4ree"s (//e 8(/h(" /he ar4he

re4ess 0 /he aae.

21.Re sa"s/0"e a" 8h(/e arb-e.

22.D0ub-e 0e :

23.@00se 0 /80 seers/e she--s a" 0u/er a" (""er 8(/h are4(ab-e sa4e

be/8ee".

2#.Ou/er she-- su0r/s /he arb-e 4ase 0 /he e5/er(0r.

2%.""er she-- 0rs /he 6au-/e 4e(-("' 0 /he ("/er(0rs a(" ha--.

TOMB OF ATAH KHAN (1562) :

S(/ua/e "ear hua!u"s /0b.

@hara4/er 0 /he /0b reu4e a" re("e /0 a440r 8(/h (/s sa--er s(e.

De/a(-e /rea/e"/ 0 /he aae 8(/h (/s ("-a( 40-0ure arb-e a" -08 re-(e

4ar6("'.

A-(4a/(0" 0 ("e ebe--(she"/ /0 /he 8a-- sura4es.

AKBAR THE REAT (1556-165) :

B#/0"!$ :

Bu(-("' a4/(6(/! (rs/ s/ar/e (" a'ra.

Bu(-("' a4/(6(/! 8as rare r0 1%#% 9ea/h 0 sher shah sur >1%)# 9a$bars

0r/ a/ a'ra

M0s;ue a/ e-h( $ha(ru >(> a",(-:

S((-ar /0 /he bu(-("' (" sher shah sur s er(0.

Pr06(es a sa-- bu/ useu- -("$ be/8ee" /he ar4h(/e4/ura- a4h(e6ee"/ 0 sur

!"as/! a" a$bar.

FEATURES:

@h(e bu(-("'s e5e4u/e (" re sa"s/0"e 8(/h ("ser/(0"s 0 8h(/e arb-e.

S/!-e 8as /rabea/e 0rer 0 40"s/ru4/(0" a-/h0u'h /he /u0r ar4h 8as

400"-! use.

Ar4h 8as use r(ar(-! 0r e40ra/(0".

D0e : -0( 0e s0e/(es bu(-/ h0--08 bu/ "e6er /e4h"(4a--! 0 /he /rue

0ub-e 0rer.

P(--ar sha/s 8ere a"! s(e a" 4a(/a-s 8ere (" /he 0r 0 bra4$e/su0r/s.


7/17

Or"ae"/a/(0":

@ar6e 0r b0--! ("-a( a//er"s.

Pa("/e es('"s 8ere ("/r0u4e 0" /he ("/er(0r 8a--s a" 4e(-("'.

0r/a"/ bu(-("'s:

1. 0r/resess:"0 e5a-e

1 0r/ress a-a4e< a'ra

e-h( 'a/e

*aha"'(r aha--

2 0r/ress a/ a--ahaba

,e"a"a a-a4e

3 0/ress a/ Lah0re

e-eha"/ 'a/e

2. "e8 4a(/a- 4(/! 0 a/eur s($r(:"0 bu(("' /!e e5a-e

1 'a/e8a!s a'ra 'a/e

"auba/ $ha"a 0r ru h0use

2 se4u-ar bu(-("'s a-a4e a/ *0h ba(

h0use 0 M(r(a

h0use 0 /he su-/a"a

b(rba-s h0use

3 re-('(0us bu(("'s *a( as*(

bu-a" ar8a,a 0r /r(uha- 'a/e8a!/0b 0 sa-( 4h(s/(

/0b 0 (s-a $ha"

# a("(s/ra/(6e (8a">(>$has 0r ha-- 0 ub-(4 au(e"4e

bu(-("' a"4h aha- 0r a-a4e 0 (6e s/0r(es

$h8ab'ah 0r h0use 0 rus

as/r0-0'ers sea/

ear/e"/ 0 re40rs

1. 0r/ress a-a4e a'ra:

0"e 0 /he se6era- -ar'e 0r/((e res(e"4es 8h(4h /he eer0r 4ause /0 be ra(se

a/ 6ar(0us s/ra/e'(4 0("/s (" h(s 0("(0".

P-a" 0r:

rre'u-ar se( 4(r4-e -!("' ara--e- /0 /he r('h/ ba"$ 0 /he r(6er *au"a.

ALAE OF JODH BAI

@0-e/e (" (/s es('" a" arra"'ee"/s

H('h a" -a(" 0u/s(e 8a--

Pr("4(a- bu(-("'s are a//a4he /0 /he (""er s(e a-- a4("' /he 40ur/!ar


8/17

E"/ra"4e 0"-! /hr0u'h a 'uare 'a/eh0use ha6("' s/a''ere 00r8a!s

S/r(4/ se4-us(0"

7(/h(" /h(s e"4-0sure< e6er! 0r/(0" (s se- 40"/a("e 8(/h a r(6a/e 4hae- 0r

e60/(0"s a" r00 /erra4es s4ree"e b! /he arae/ 0r r0e"aes

Ea4h ar/ (s rea(-! a44ess(b-e 0r /he 40"6e"(e"4e 0 (/s 044ua"/s a" 0r /heur0se 0 ser6(4e

Pa-a4e (s "ear-! s;uare 32=?521%?

7a--s >32? h('h

Eas/ 8a-->'a/eh0use

N0r/h 8a--> ha"'("' a6(-(0" 0r ha8a aha--

S0u/h 8a--> ser6(4e a" ba/h("' aar/e"/

"/er(0rs 40"s(s/s 0 a" a-0s/ s!e/r(4a- ra"'e 0 bu(-("'s surr0u"("' a

s;uare ;uara"'-e 92 s/0r(e @ar6e e40ra/(0" s((-ar /0 /he /e-e ar4h(/e4/ure

B-ue '-a,e /(-es.

HOUSE OF MIRIAM

s(-e a" u"re/e"/(0us s/ru4/ure

D(s-a! 0 u4h e-e'a"/ 80r$a"sh(

Arra"'e"/ 0 r00s (" /80 s/0r(es bu/ 8(/h "0 e5/er"a- 40ur/!ar 0r

e5/ra"e0us ae"(/(es

Mura- a("/("'s

BIRBAL HOUSE

S((-ar /0 M(r(a h0use

Arra"'e"/ (s a -(//-e 0re 40-e5 a" e-ab0ra/e

2 s/0r(e bu(-("' 8(/h 0ur r00s a" /80 0r4hes 0r("' /he 'r0u" -00r

uer s/0re! has /80 r00s a" /he /he rea("er 40"s(s/s 0 0e" /erra4es

e"4-0se b! s4ree"

/here are 4u0-as 06er /he uer r00s a" !ra(a- r00s 06er /he 0r4hes 0ub-e 0e 40"s/ru4/(0" 0 a"(""er a"0u/er she-- 8/h a 60( (" /he 4e"/re

he"4e ("/er(0r 8as $e/ 400-

/rea/e"/ 0 /he ea6e bra4$e/s

JAHANIR

-TOMB OF AKBAR

@0-e/e be/8ee" 1)12 a" 1)1#

/he 40"s/ru4/(0" 0 /he aus0-eu (s sa( /0 ha6e 40e"4e ur("' eer0r A$bars

91%%)>1)=% -(e/(e (" 1)=# bu/ 40"4-ue ur("' h(s s0"< &eha"'(rs re('" 91)=%>1)2+.


9/17

The aus0-eu 40-e5 (s s;uare (" -a"

a" a-('"e 0" /he 4ar("a- a5(s< 8(/h /he /0b a/ (/s 4e"/er a" 0ur 'a/es< 0"e a-0"'

ea4h 8a--.

Base 0" a charbagh< 0r 8a--e s;uare 'are" 400s(/(0" u4h -($e h(s a/her

Hua!u"s 91%3=>1%#=< 1%%%>1%%) /0b/(ere s/ru4/ure 8(/h (/s (--are /erra4es a" "uer0us chattrisa-s0 bears a

s/r($("' reseb-a"4e /0 /he Pa"4h Maha- a/ Fa/ehur S($r(.

TOMB OF I'TIMAD AL-DAULA

/(a a->Dau-a 9Eer0rs P(--ar 8as /he /(/-e bes/08e u0" M(r,a Gh(!as

Be' b! Eer0r &eha"'(r.

O Pers(a" es4e"/< M(r,a Gh(!as Be' be4ae /he (rs/ /reasurer a" /he" /he

r(e ("(s/er 98a,(r u"er Eer0r &eha"'(r.

H(s au'h/er< Nur &aha"< -a/er arr(e /he Eer0r a" 40(ss(0"e /he

aus0-eu /0 h0"0r /he e0r! 0 her a/her u0" h(s ea/h (" 1)22.

1. The aus0-eu (s -($e a *e8e- b05< bu(-/ e"/(re-! 0 ure arb-e< (/ ar$s

/he /ra"s(/(0"a- hase r0 /he 'ra" a" ass(6e re sa"s/0"e

ar4h(/e4/ure 0 A$bar /0 /he s0/er a" se"sua- ar4h(/e4/ura- s/!-e /ha/

ar$e /he re('" 0 Shah &aha".

2. Ma"! 0 /he es('" e-ee"/s 0resha08 /he Ta* Maha-< /he 40"s/ru4/(0"

0 8h(4h be'a" (" 1)3=. The /(a a->Dau-a 8as /he (rs/ Mu'ha-

s/ru4/ure /0 be 40-e/e-! e"4ase (" arb-e a" e5/e"s(6e-! use (e/ra

ura< /he arb-e ("-a! 80r$ /ha/ (s ass04(a/e 8(/h /he Ta* Maha-.

3. The /0b (s 0 a 0es/ s4a-e< bu(-/ 0" a -08 -a/0r # 91.22 h('h.

#. / has a s;uare -a" easur("' )C>1=I 921< sub(6(e ("/0 "("e

4habers< 8(/h 0ur 40r"er 04/a'0"a- /08ers (" /he 0r 0 ("are/s.

%. The ("are/s rae /he 4e"/ra- r00 a6(-(0" /ha/ ar$s /he /0b

4haber be-08.

). The $(0s$s 0 /he ("are/s 40"s(s/ 0 sa-- he(sher(4a- 40u-as res/("'

0" sa-- ar4hes su0r/e b! e('h/ (-as/ers.


11/17

+. The r00 a6(-(0" (ar/s a (s/("4/ H("u ee- (" (/s use 0 Be"'a-( r00#I 91)% 0" ea4h s(e.

. The ar0a4h (s r0 /he eas/ /hr0u'h a re sa"s/0"e 'a/e8a! /ha/ (s

e40ra/e 8(/h r(4h arb-e 0sa(4s. Sa"s/0"e a/h8a!s -ea u /0 /he

a(" /0b.

1=.Ea4h 0 /he aae has a 4e"/ra- ar4he e"/ra"4e< -a"$e b! /80 re4esse

ar4hes /ha/ are 4-0se b! beau/(u- arb-e s4ree"s 9*a-(.

11. F("e 40rbe-s su0r/ /he 40r"(4e< 8h(4h has a arb-e /ra4er! 9*a-(

ba-us/rae ru""("' a-0"' /he -e"'/h 0 (/.

12.The -a/0r a" /0b (s ebe--(she 8(/h 0sa(4s a" (e/ra ura ("-a!

80r$ 0 se(re4(0us s/0"es. The ar/ 0 ("-a! arb-e ha bee" ra4/(4e

0r a"! !ears< bu/ /h(s 8as /he (rs/ a//e/ /0 ((/a/e Pers(a" 0//er!

e40ra/(0" a" /(-e 80r$.

13.The ("/er(0r (s a ser(es 0 r00s a" 40rr(0rs arra"'e ar0u" a

6era"ah /ha/ surr0u"s /he 4e"/ra- 4haber 40"/a("("' /he 4e"0/ah.

1#.The s;uare r00 a6(-(0" ab06e /he 4e"/ra- 4haber a--08s /he -('h/ /0

(-/er 08" /hr0u'h (/s er0ra/e arb-e s4ree"s 9*a-(s /0 'e"/-! 8ash

06er /he /80 0rh!r! !e--08 4e"0/ahs 0 /(a a->Dau-a a" h(s 8(e.

1. The ("/er(0r b0as/s s/u440 a" a("/("'s (" a 6ar(e/! 0 a//er"s 8(/h

0/(s ("s(re r0 ra"(a" 0r('(" 9Pers0>Saa6( er(0.

2. "/r(4a/e s/a-a4/(/es ha6e bee" 0"e 0"e /he s0(/s 0 /he 40r"er 4habers

a" /he a(" ha--.

3. The sura4es ab06e /he a0s ha6e re'u-ar (s/r(bu/e "(4hes< a-406es

a" e40ra/(6e a"e-s /ha/ a--08 0r 6ar(a/(0"s (" e40ra/(0" /0 /a$e

-a4eA("(s/ra/(6e Bu(-("'s:

) DIAN I KHAS " HALL OF RIATE AUDIENE

Re4/a"'u-ar (" -a".

T80 s/0re!s ha6("' a -a/ /erra4e r00 8(/h a (--are $(0s$ r(s("' ab06e ea4h 40r"er.

U"(;ue ("/er(0r arra"'ee"/s.


12/17

The au(e"4e ha-- has a -ar'e a" subs/a"/(a- (--ar 044u!("' a 4e"/ra- 0s(/(0" 8(/h

(/s ass(6e e5a"("' 4a(/a- su0r/("' a 4(r4u-ar s/0"e -a/0r.

Fr0 /h(s 4e"/ra- -a/0r s/0"e Jbr('es? ra(a/e a-0"' ea4h (a'0"a- 0 /he ha-- /0

40""e4/ 8(/h ha"'("' 'a--er(es 8h(4h surr0u" (/s uer 0r/(0".

The eer0r 80u- s(/ e"/hr0"e 0" /he 4e"/ra- -a/0r -(s/e"("' /0 rerese"/a/(6esA 0r Ha-- 0 ub-(4

au(e"4e: 0" ea4h s(e 0 /h(s are

C. @0"s(s/("' 0 /80 s;uare 0e" sa4es es('"e (" /he 0r 0 0r"ae"/a-

'are"s a" 40ur/!ars< 8h(-e.

. s /he ra"'e 0 arb-e a-a4es. O"e s(e a4("' /he 'are" a" /he 0/her

40a"("' a" 0e" 6(e8 0 /he r(6er.

1=.E6er! ea/ure 0 /h(s -a" (s re'u-ar a" 0ra 0s/ 0 (/ be("' -a( 0u/ ("

s;uares< /here (s har-! a" 0b-(;ue -("e 0r 4ur6e (" /he e"/(re s4hea.

T#= M##', A"#

Ta* Maha-< a 0"ue"/ 8h(4h ar$s /he ere4/ 0e"/ (" /he e60-u/(0" 0

ar4h(/e4/ure ur("' Mu'ha- er(0. / (s /he aus0-eu 0 eer0r Shah &aha"?s

40"s0r/ Ar*ua" Ba"u Ve'u 8h0se /(/-es Mu/a, Maha-- ea"("' 4h0se" 0 /he

a-a4e a" Ta* Maha- ea"("' @r08" 0 /he a-a4e. Ta* Maha- has er(6e s0e 0 (/s

("s(ra/(0" r0 /80 80r$s "ae-! Hua!u" /0b a" ha" ha"a" /0b< a

"0b-ea" 0 u'ha- $("'0 8h0 (e (" 1)2+. O" /he /ra(/(0"s 0 hua"!u" /0b

0" 0"e ha" a" 8(/h /he e5er(e"4e 'a("e r0 /ha/ 0 /he ha" ha"a" 0" /he

0/her ha"< Shah &aha"?s ar4h(/e4/ e60-6e /h(s as/er(e4e 0 /he bu(-ers ar/ TA&.

$/9>+ #$ '#$$&$:

1. The a(" s/ru4/ure a4/ua--! 044u(es 0"-! a re-a/(6e-! sa-- 0r/(0" 0 /he

ar4h(/e4/ura- s4hee as a 8h0-e. The -a" 0 /he 8h0-e 40"4e/(0" /a$es /he0r 0 a re4/a"'-e a-('"e "0r/h a" s0u/h a" easur("' 1==? b! 1===? 8(/h

/he 4e"/ra- area (6(e 0 ("/0 a s;uare 'are" 0 1===? s(e.

2. Th(s -ea6es a/ ea4h e" 0 /he re4/a"'-e 0" ab-0"' sa4e a" 0" /he s0u/h s(e

be("' -a( 0u/ a s!s/e 0 r0a a" ser6(4e 8e--("'s. 7h(-e /ha/ 0" /he "0r/h

40"s(s/s 0 a ra(se /erra4e 40"/a("("' /he 7h(/e Marb-e /0b bu(-("' 8(/h

4er/a(" su-ee"/ar! s/ru4/ures.


16/17

3. The e"/(re 'are" 8as e"4-0se 8(/h(" a h('h b0u"ar! 8a-- ha6("' br0a

04/a'0"a- a6(-(0"s a/ ea4h 40r"er a" a 0"ue"/a- e"/ra"4e 'a/e8a! (" /he

4e"/re 0 /he s0u/her" s(e.

#. Be!0" /he 40ur/!ar are s/ab-es 0u/h0uses a" 0/her e((4es a" a ba,aar 0rsu-(es. 7h(4he6er 8a! 0"e 4ae /he (rs/ 6(e8 0 /he bu(-("' 8as 0s/

(ress(6e< e(/her re-e4/e b! 8a/er 0r rae b! /he ("e ar4h8a!s 0 /he

6au-/e e"/ra"4e ha--.

%. The 0r"ae"/a- 'are" 8ere s0 -a""e as /0 reare /he se4/a/0r 0r /he

aeara"4e a" -06e-! ('"(/! 0 /he 4e"/ra- s/ru4/ure.

). Ea4h 0 (/s 0ra- e-ee"/ be("' es('"e 8(/h /he e5ress 0b*e4/ 0

har0"(,("' 8(/h (/s ar4h(/e4/ure 0r br("'("' (/ ("/0 -eas("' erse4/(6e.

+. F0r e6er! h0ur 0 /he a! a" 0r e6er! a/0sher(4 40"(/(0" /he Ta* has (/s

08" 40-0ur 6a-ues r0 s0/ /0 rea("ess a/ 08" a" /he a,,-("' 8h(/e"ess

a/ (a! /0 (/s 40- s-e"0ur (" /he 00"-('h/ 8he" /he 0e /h(" 0

subs/a"4e as /he a(r ha"'s a0"' /he s/ars -($e a 'rea/ ear-.

C. Ta* bu(-("' 40-e5 has (/s 0s/ s('"((4a"4e 0" /he /erra4e 044u!("' /he

"0r/her" e" 0 /he e"4-0sure 40"s(s/("' 0 /he /0b bu(-("' (" /he 4e"/re a"

/80 e/a4he subs((ar! e((4es 0"e 0" ea4h s(e. O /he /80 -a/er /ha/ 0" /he

8es/ (s a 0s;ue. 7h(-e /ha/ 0" /he eas/ (s a re-(4a 0 /he 0s;ue bu/ 8(/h0u/

(/s re-('(0us ur0r/ be("' ("/r0u4e ("/0 /he 400s(/(0" 0r /he sa$e 0

s!e/r!. Ye/ /h(s &a8ab 0r a"s8er as /he re-(4a (s 4a--e ha (/s uses as (/s

0re a $(" 0 re4e/(0" ha-- $"08" as /he M(ha" ha"ah 0r 'ues/ h0use.

T9 T?@

1. The aus0-eu (/se- (s e-e6a/e 0" a -("/h 22?= h('h. / (s s;uare (" -a" a"

1C)? s(e 8(/h (/s a"'-es 4haere.

2. Th(s shae (s 4arr(e u s0 as /0 0r a bu(-("' 1=C? (" he('h/ a" ha6("' aarb-e 4u0-a ab06e ea4h 40r"er 8h(-e 06er /he 4e"/re /08er("' /0 a 40-e/e

he('h/ 0 /0/a--! 1C+? (s /he 'rea/ bu-b0us 0e.

3. T0 e5/e" a" (s/r(bu/e /he ar4h(/e4/ura- ee4/ a ("are/ (" /hree s/a'es a"

4r08"e b! $(0s$ r(ses r0 ea4h 40r"er 0 /he P-("/h /0 a he('h/ 0 13+?. /s

r00r/(0"s are a-- 6er! s(-e.

#. The 4r08"("' '-0r! 0 (/s e-e6a/(0" -(es (" /he shae a" 60-ue 0 /he 0e

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