The Most Versatile Architectural Interfaces Ever! …...non-interlaced RGB video. Similar to a computer’s video output, non-interlaced video provides greater resolution and a video

M A Y / J U N E 1 9 9 9 V O L U M E 1 0 N U M B E R 3

Extron‘s New Digital Video Scaler with PC, HDTV and Plasma Video Output Rates

(continued on page 12– See “RGB 500 Series”)

Extron’s new RGB 500 Series inter-faces are designed to be the mostadvanced and versatile series of archi-tectural interfaces ever. By usingadvanced technology, the RGB 500Series interfaces overcome most of thelimitations that can arise when usingarchitectural interfaces. Limitationssuch as fitting them into an electricalbox or very thin walls, or incompati-bility with LCD/DLP/Plasma displays.Wouldn’t you like to have the choicebetween using a universal 9-pin inputconnector or a standard 15-pin HDinput connector? What about customconfiguring auxiliary connections andtwo-unit side by side mounting? Andthen there’s the challenge of inte-grating interfaces into the Europeanelectrical channels. If you have had towork around any of these limitationsand have been faced with such chal-

Video technology has made leaps andbounds over the last decade. A goodillustration of this is the evolution ofdigital display technology, i.e., LCD,DLP, Plasma and ILA. Only a few yearsago LCD projectors were regarded asglorified carry-ons for the travellingpresenter. Now, they take center stage inchurches, educational facilities, board-rooms, control centers and many otherhigh-end A/V installs.

Along with the improvement of displaytechnology, video too will see its day ofrefinement. With the impending arrivalof HDTV A/V professionals will soon beable to take advantage of the benefitsbetter-looking video has to offer. Withthat in mind, Extron’s new DVS 100digital video scaler is about to catapultA/V system design into the year 2006.

Tweeker Use ............................................................3Taking the Strain Out ..............................................4Comb Filters—Part 4 ..............................................5New Products ..........................................................6Tech Corner: Scaler Technology ..............................9Unique Techniques: Extron Goes Hollywood..........10New News..............................................................14

The Most Versatile Architectural Interfaces Ever!Extron’s new RGB 500 Series with ADSP™

(continued on page 2– See “DVS 100”)

In This Issue:

DVS 100

RGB 550

INPUT

BUFFEREDLOCAL MONITOR

POWER

AUTO

ID PIN 11ID PIN 4

CS PIN 9

H. SHIFT

AUDIO

RGB 550The RGB 550 with ADSP (Advanced Digital Sync Processing) is a universal, mountable HD 15 input interface that combines the flexibility found in all of Extron's Architectural Series products with our latest innovations in technology.

5 BNC Output

17 ConductorPlenum InstallCable

Power (3.5mmCaptive ScrewConnector)

Audio (3.5mmCaptive ScrewConnector)

Included WallMounting Bracket

E X T R O N E W S M A Y / J U N E 1 9 9 9

2

ExtroNews™

Managing Editors: Amy Kramer, Carol Hubben

Technical Editors: Jim Scrivner, Roger McCarten, Pat Charlton,

Joe da Silva, Mike FitzgeraldGraphic Designers: Jill Streit, Cyme Azar

Technical Illustrator: Randy DrummTechnical Writers: Bill Field, June Lee

President: Andrew EdwardsV.P., Finance: Ed Ellingwood

V.P., Operations: Bob NicholsV.P., Product Development: Dave Pincek

V.P., R&D: Brian TaraciV.P., Engineering: Steve Somers

V.P., Human Resources: Joanne GrushV.P., Information Technologies: Ivan Perez

National Sales Managers:Jeff Gibson, Mandi Speer

Int’l Sales Manager: Geoff AbbottWe welcome your comments and

contributions! Please submit ideas toCarol Hübben • 714.491.1500

800.633.9876Volume 10, Number 3 May/June, 1999ExtroNews is published by ExtronElectronics/ RGB Systems Inc. 1230 SouthLewis Street, Anaheim, CA 92805. All rightsreserved. No portion of this newsletter maybe reproduced in any form without writtenpermission from the managing editor ofExtron Electronics’ ExtroNews. Every efforthas been made to ensure accuracy in con-tent; however, Extron assumes no responsi-bility for errors and omissions in the infor-mation provided herein. ExtroNews is sentfree of charge to communication industryprofessionals and end-users. Send addresschanges, requests for copies, and editorialcorrespondence to: Marketing Dept., ExtronElectronics, at the address above, or call714.491.1500 or 800.633.9876; FAX714.491.1978. Printed in the United Statesof America.

DVS 100– continued from page 1

In 2006 all TV stations must be in confor-mity with the new HDTV format standardsaccording to the FCC (FederalCommunications Commission). So whatdoes all this have to do with a video scaler?Nothing, unless the video scaler is theExtron DVS 100 with HDTV output rates.The DVS 100 provides three HDTV outputrates including 480p, 720p and 1080p.

Pretty soon all those cool, futuristic lookingdisplays with the 16:9 aspect ratio will nolonger be an expensive novelty. They areincreasingly becoming part of the techno-buzz lexicon; the "I got to have that"accessory amongst A/V professionals, hometheater zealots and Fortune 500 executivesalike. In fact, you too may long to hang aPlasma display right above the fireplace.But just because the digital bug has bittendoes not mean we have to throw out all ofthe existing analog-based components. Thekey is to bring systems up to speed byincorporating new products that convertstandard NTSC/PAL/SECAM video intosomething we can really use for digitaldisplays; something that provides the videoquality we desire.

WHAT THE DVS 100 DOESThe abridged definition of a scaler is adevice that ‘up-converts’, or ‘scales up’,interlaced NTSC/PAL/SECAM video tonon-interlaced RGB video. Similar to acomputer’s video output, non-interlacedvideo provides greater resolution and avideo image that far surpasses interlacedvideo quality. In this conversion process,the DVS 100 up-converts standard videoresolutions to computer-video, progressiveHDTV or Plasma resolutions. Standardvideo is scaled up to computer-videorefresh rates of 60 Hz and 75 Hz at resolu-tions of 640 x 480, 800 x 600, 832 x 624,1024 x 768 and 1280 x 1024. HDTV outputrates include 480p, 720p and 1080p. And tomatch the resolutions and timings of Plasmadisplays from Fujitsu, NEC, Pioneer, andothers, the DVS 100 provides Plasmaoutput rates including 852 x 480, 848 x480, 1280 x768 and 1360 x 765.

Extron’s DVS 100 optimizes the videosignal for a given display’s "sweet spot."The sweet spot, or native resolution, is a

specific resolution for which the projectorbest performs. Digital displays aresomewhat finicky and require specific reso-lutions and video signals to output the bestpicture. Typically, the desired resolutionsare in the ranges of 640 x 480 up to 1280 x1024 with signals decoded into separateRGBHV. Resolutions are scaled up bytaking the horizontal & vertical synctiming, and number of lines from thestandard video input, then converting theminto higher resolution formats. The scalingmethod used by Extron’s DVS 100 providesexceptional motion compensation somoving video images have "jaggie-free,"smooth edges.

DVS 100Not only does the DVS 100 scale video, italso de-interlaces the signal so that thenumber of lines is expanded. Expandedlines provide two benefits: a brighterpicture and absence of distortion. Morevisible lines mean more pixels are illumi-nated-which gives you a brighter picture.More visible lines also mean that the infor-mation is able to fill the screen both hori-zontally and vertically eliminating imagedistortion.

INPUTS, OUTPUTS AND DECODINGAs mentioned, most digital displays like tosee separate RGBHV. However, most instal-lations, if not all, are using one or moreforms of standard video, i.e., composite, S-video or component. The DVS 100accepts all three of these video-inputformats and decodes them. The scaledoutput is provided simultaneously inRGBHV on a 15-pin HD connector andRGBHV, RGBS or RGsB on six BNCs.

Standard video has a tendency to containchroma noise and artifact. To help eliminatethese image impairments, the DVS 100 usesa high quality decoder with a three-lineadaptive comb filter for Y/C separation.This ensures a more clean, stable image.Additionally, the DVS 100’s decoder isquad-standard and therefore compatiblewith NTSC, NTSC 4.43, PAL and SECAM.

VARIABLE BLANKINGThe DVS 100’s variable top and bottomvertical blanking gives you control over

how your image will appear on a displayscreen. Not all of the video input’s lines areused for image information. Some of thelines at the top and bottom, the blankinglines, are used to encode other information,such as closed-captioning. With variable topand bottom vertical blanking, the user canadd black lines at the top and bottom of thescreen until all of the edge noise is elimi-nated. Therefore, LCD, DLP, Plasma andother display devices are able to displayimages true to their original detail.

(continued on next page)


3

Reggi Baika from Crimson Tech of Cambridge, MAhas transformed an Extron tweeker

into the body of a high-flying S3 machine. No doubt the Extron Flyer is still

soaring through the wild blue yonder.

Send us your photograph of how you use the Tweeker.

If we publish it in a future issue of ExtroNews,

we’ll give you a free VTG 150.

Send entries (along with your explanation)

to: Extron Tweeker Contest1230 S. Lewis StreetAnaheim, CA 92805

DVS 100 Application Diagram

SYSTEM DESIGNThe DVS 100 was designed as an integralcomponent to an A/V system. It comes in arack mountable, metal enclosure andprovides an internal (100-240 VAC, 50/60Hz) auto-switchable power supply. Itprovides RS-232, contact closure and frontpanel control. RS-232 control may beachieved through Extron’s own SimpleInstruction Set (SIS™) or a Windows®-based control program. The DVS 100 alsohas two non-volatile memory inputs forstoring specific decoder settings.

Other features of the DVS 100 includepicture controls for color, tint, contrast,brightness, horizontal shift and verticalshift; advanced menu controls; LCD panelcontrol graphic; and an executive modelock out.

Extron’s new DVS 100 (PN: 60-304-01)lists for $2,325 and will debut at ICIA’s1999 INFOCOMM International® in booth #2069.

Laser Disk Player

Plasma Display

RS-232 Controlor Computer

LCD Display

Video MonitorVCR

or

or

DVS 100

INPUTS

R-Y

1

2

3Y

B-Y

H

R

V

G

S

B

VID

REMOTE

VGA OUT

OUTPUTS

http://www.extron.com/product/dvs100.stm


4

MANDI SPEER

Taking the Strain Outby Mandi Speer, National Sales Manager

A cable with strain relief is betterthan a cable without strain relief,right? Not quite. Understanding whatstrain relief is, and what to look for,will help you evaluate the effective-ness of a cable’s strain relief. All strainrelief cables aren’t created equal.Although two strain reliefs may lookthe same, one may be effective whilethe second may provide little or nostrain relief. Figures 1–3 each show acable that is being pulled at a 90degree angle to the BNC connector.The way the cable responds dependson whether proper strain relief ispresent, and on the quality of the strainrelief.

Figure 1 shows a cable without astrain relief. Note how sharply thecable is bent. This is referred to as asmall bend radius. The small radius isdisplayed on the graph within figure 1.The coaxial cable may be crushed, tornor completely severed at the point ofthe bend since it is being pressedagainst the sharp edge of the BNCconnector. The dielectric will mostlikely be crushed by the bend,changing the distance between thecable’s shield and the center conductor.This will change the impedance,resulting in signal reflection. The

result will be signal degradation orsignal loss. Considering the number ofcables in a typical AV system, thepotential for such a problem is consid-erable. In a complex system locating adamaged cable could take substantialtime.

Good strain relief increases the bendradius, preventing the cable frombeing damaged. Figure 2 showsExtron’s new BNC cable whichfeatures strain relief. Strain relief isaccomplished by means of a boot. Theboot is a semi-rigid protectivecovering at the BNC-cable connection.Note that the bend radius is nowincreased, even with tension on thecable. The cable no longer has thesharp bend. Notice how thesections/notches of the strain reliefboot compress evenly, so there is nokink at any point. The result is a moregradual and consistent bend, whichprevents damage to the cable. Goodstrain relief results when the boot isneither too rigid nor too flexible.

As was stated earlier, all strain reliefsare not created equal. Consider Figure 3.This cable appears to have a strainrelief. However, when actually tested,the cable still bends too sharply. The

boot is too rigid and does not bend,so the cable still kinks. All that haschanged is that the point of the kinkhas been moved away from theconnector. Other cables may haveboots that are too flexible, allowingsharp bends within the boot section.Again, proper strain relief does notoccur. The best way to test thequality of a cable’s strain relief is tobend it at a 90 degree angle to theconnector. Watch for bindingbetween the sections and resultingsharp kinks. Cable with properstrain relief will always produce theresult seen in Figure 2.

Extron’s BNC-4 HR cable andBNC-5 HR cable feature strainrelief. Feel free to test the qualityof our strain relief. We are sure youwill be pleased with the results.

Small bend radius

FIGURE 1. A cable without a strain relief

Bend radius increasedthrough the use ofstrain relief

FIGURE 2. A cable with Extron's strain relief

Small bend radius

FIGURE 3.A cable with an ineffective strain relief


5

STEVE SOMERS

Comb Filters: NTSC Decoding Basicsby Steve Somers, V.P. Engineering

Adaptive Comb FilterDecoders (Part 4)

This is the last installment of ourseries on NTSC decoding basics, andY/C separation in particular.Meanwhile the quest for high qualitydecoders continues on into the sunsetof NTSC. The emphasis here is onthe first step in the process known asY/C (luma/chroma) separation since itdoes represent the most crucial step inrealizing the full potential of thetransmission medium. The earlierinstallments covered NTSC signalcreation, notch/bandpass filtering, andline comb filters.

Implementation of high-speed digitalprocessing and low cost memorycomponents facilitated many improve-ments in Y/C separation. These stridesin decoding performance involvedecision-making, called adaption,

based upon image content. Moreover,having more image memory availablemeans that video processing can nowtake place beyond the original 2Dboundaries (i.e. the information withina picture field). Processing decisionsnow extend into the temporal realm, orfrom picture frame to picture frame.This means more intelligence in Y/Cseparation as subject matter movesacross the screen from frame to frame.

2D OR NOT 2D?Since conventional (line type) combfilters have problems handling diagonallines and vertical color changes, itseems the first order of business wouldbe to tackle these tricky situations.Remember that when processingdiagonal lines, succeeding luma (Y)information is shifted in time and does

(continued on page 18– See “Comb Filters”)

not properly cancel line-to-line or field-to-field. This results in Y informationbeing interpreted as chroma (C) infor-mation. The outcome is “cross color”or the rainbow effect in the region ofthe diagonal lines. The vertical colorchanges, which do not match in time atthe transition point, result in chromainformation being interpreted as Yinformation. Hence, you see the“hanging dots” at the color boundary.

Now, suppose we take the two-linecomb design discussed previously (see Figure 1). This design iscomparing data between two storedlines and the incoming data. It utilizesaveraging to soften the transitionbetween colors. If we add a systemcalled a correlator, data between thethree lines can be tested before anyactual averaging or summation takesplace (see Figure 2). Here, if there issignificant correlation of data valuebetween Line 1 and Line 2, then CF= 0and a difference between Line 2 andLine 1 is used. But, if Line 2 and Line3 correlate to a higher degree, CF= 1and the difference between Line 2 andLine 3 is used. If there is no correlation

1-HDelay

Y CHANNEL

C CHANNEL

Composite

NTSC

+

-

1-HDelay

14/

14/

14/

14/

12/

12/

FIGURE 1. 2-LINE COMB FILTER


6

For more information on these, or any other products,contact your local Extron Representative at 714.491.1500 or 800.633.9876 (Extron USA)

+31.33.453.4040 (Extron Europe) +65.226.0015 (Extron Asia).

At Extron, we see universal interfaces as notonly needing to work with all types ofcomputers, but with all types of displays. As aresult, ADSP™, Advanced Digital SyncProcessing has been built into our new RGB 130xi, 134xi, 138xi, 150xi, and 158xiuniversal interfaces. Each of these has 300 MHz(-3dB) of video bandwidth, and is compatiblewith a wide variety of computer signalsincluding SVGA, XGA, SXGA, XGA-2, Mac,

SUN, SGI, and more. All of these productsinclude audio interfacing, with unbalanced,computer-generated audio being automaticallyconverted to balanced line level audio. Otherfeatures include three-position level/peakingcontrol, horizontal shift and automatic syncstripping on all color lines. Six BNC connec-tors provide simultaneous composite andseparate sync, with sync on green alsoavailable.

Five New Interfaces with ADSP™(Advanced Digital Sync Processing)

http://www.extron.com/product/rgb130xi.stm

RGB 130xi InterfaceThe RGB 130xi is a full-featureduniversal interface in a compactpackage. In addition to the otherfeatures mentioned, the RGB 130xiincludes horizontal and vertical shiftwith dip switch selectable 75 ohm input

termination. The RGB 130xi alsoprovides a monitor breakout cablepower output jack for use with Extronbuffered MBCs. The RGB 130xi(PN: 60-290-01) lists for $720.

http://www.extron.com/product/RGB134xi.stm

RGB 134xi InterfaceThe RGB 134xi features all of the functionality and capabilities of theRGB 130xi, but also provides two sets of simultaneous use BNCoutputs. With the RGB 134xi, two outputs are available without theneed for a distribution amplifier. The RGB 134xi (PN: 60-291-01) lists for $995.


RGB 138xi InterfaceThe RGB 138xi takes the capabilitiesof the RGB 130xi and adds several keyfeatures. First, the interface includestwo double-size architectural adapterplates for use with up to four sets ofoptional signal pass-through connec-tors. These plates are available withmany of the pass-through connectorsneeded for most audio/visual systems.

Second, the RGB 138xi includes anunswitched AC outlet on its front panel(600 watts max). This outlet provides a

convenient method of powering alaptop or other device. The RGB 138xi(PN: 60-292-01) lists for $860.


7

Optional Mounting Kits

Optional mounting kits are available forall five interfaces, including an under-desk kit (PN: 70-077-01), a through-desk kit (PN: 70-077-02), and athrough-desk/rack mount kit for theRGB 138xi, 158xi and MCP 1000 (PN: 70-077-03). These detachablemounting tabs affix to the sides of eachinterface and allow them to be mountedin racks, underneath or through any flatsurface.

RGB 150xi InterfaceThe RGB 150xi is similar to the RGB130xi in that it includes peaking, audiointerfacing and a signal detectionstandby/lock indicator. However, theRGB 150xi uses the 15-pin HDconnector found on many VGA cables.This model also provides a buffered15-pin HD local monitor output,allowing the attached computer to use

its monitor without needing a separatecable to split the signal before reachingthe interface. The RGB 150xi alsoprovides ID bit termination on pins 4and 11 of its 15-pin HD input. This isnecessary for use with computers thatwill not operate properly should a localmonitor not be detected. The RGB150xi (PN: 60-293-01) lists for $795.


RGB 158xi InterfaceThe RGB 158xi takes the features ofthe RGB 150xi and adds two double-size architectural adapter plates for usewith up to four sets of optional signalpass-through connectors. These adapterplates are similar to those found on theRGB 138xi, and allow cables to beplugged into the front panel of theenclosure. In addition to the adapter

plates, the RGB 158xi includes anunswitched AC outlet on its front panel(600 watts max). A Macintosh adaptercable kit (PN: 70-078-01) is availablefor the RGB 150xi and 158xi, and lists

for $125 without audio and $140 withaudio. The 13W3 adapter cable kit(PN: 70-079-01) lists for $155 and$170 with audio. The RGB 158xi (PN:60-294-01) lists for $895.


UNSWITCHED

600 WATTS MAX.

BUFFERED LOCAL

MONITOR OUTPUT

INPUT

H. SHIFT

RGB 103 xi

MAC INTERFACE W /ADSP

BUFFERED LOCAL

MONITOR OUTPUT

INPUT

H. SHIFT

RGB 103 xi

MAC INTERFACE W /ADSP

RGB 158 xi

INPUTS

AUDIO

ANALOG

MIN/MAX

UNIVERSAL INTERFACE W /ADSP

ID P

IN 1

4

ID P

IN 1

1

BUFFERED LOCAL

MONITOR OUTPUT

Under Desk Kit Through-desk Kit Through-desk/rack mount Kit

Mounted undera Desk

Through-desk orRack Mounted


8

preset for global or room presets. The MCP1000 operates in these modes: I/O switching fora particular output, global presets, room presets(Matrix 3200/6400 only), and custom configu-ration mode (RS-232 only). The rack, under-desk, and through-desk mounting brackets incombination with its compact, 1U enclosurewith a 5" depth make the MCP 1000 convenientfor space-restrictive installations. (See page 7,

Optional Mounting Kits)

The MCP 1000 (PN: 60-298-01) lists for$995.00 (US Dollars), and the MCP1000 Slave (PN: 60-298-02) lists for$815.00 (US Dollars).

DDS 100 Digital Display ScalerYou need to display your high-resolution SUNworkstation computer-video on your Plasmadisplay—but your lower-resolution Plasmadisplay won’t lock to the high resolution signal.Solution: Use Extron’s DDS 100, a digitaldisplay scaler that scales computer video signalsup or down to match the native resolution ofyour Plasma display.

The DDS 100 is ideal for viewing images ondisplay devices such as Plasma displays,

LCDs, and DLPs. The DDS 100 accepts anycomputer resolution up to 1600 x 1280, withhorizontal scan rates up to 100 kHz andvertical rates up to 120 Hz. The DDS 100features BNCs for RGB input and local monitorloop-out. The DDS 100 offers these computer-video scalable outputs: 640 x 480, 800 x 600,832 x 624, 720p (HDTV), and 1024 x 768. ForPlasma displays, the DDS 100 provides thesePlasma rates: 848 x 480, 852 x 480, 1280 x 768,and 1360 x 765. RGsB, RGBS, or RGBHV

output is available simultaneously on five BNCsand a female VGA connector.

The DDS 100 features four levels of horizontaland ten levels of vertical filters to prevent detailloss and reduce flicker. The DDS 100 offers zoomcontrol, centering/pan controls, and 130 memorylocations—30 user-set and 100 factory presets.

The DDS 100 (PN: 60-305-01) lists for$2995.00 (US Dollars).

MCP 1000 Control PanelThe Setting: University classroom with multiplecomputers, one large-screen projector, and anExtron switcher for routing computer, video,and audio signals. The Application: You need toinstall an easy-to-use remote control of theExtron switcher at the front podium, and yourswitching equipment is in the back of the room.The Solution: The MCP 1000, a programmableremote control panel that controls any Extron

switching system with RS-232 or MKP1000/Comm-Link remote ports. The MCP 1000works with all Extron switchers and is compat-ible with multiple MCP 1000 and MKP 1000(Matrix Keypad) units.

You can quickly and easily select switchingoptions using the MCP 1000’s one-button cross-point operation and one-button operation per

6-ConductorHigh Resolution CableYou need to run 300 feet of cable for distributionof 1280 x 1024 computer-video signals, but the

Super High Resolution cable doesn’t fit into yourbudget and the Mini High Resolution cabledoesn’t deliver the performance you need. Whatto do? Consider Extron’s Six Conductor HighResolution Cable, which fills the niche betweenthe Mini High Res and SHR cables. The HighRes cable’s attenuation of –3dB/100 feet @ 100MHz allows it to maintain system bandwidth ofthe original signal. With a built-in ripcord andsequential numbering, the High Res cable offershigh performance, flexibility, and value.

The High Resolution cable is comprised of sixcoax conductors, each wrapped in SuperFlexjacket material. Three 20-gauge coaxial conduc-tors carry the R,G, and B, while three 26-gaugecoaxial conductors carry the horizontal sync, thevertical sync, and an additional signal, such ascomposite video.

Available in bulk rolls of 500 feet (153 meters) theHigh Resolution cable (PN:22-124-02) lists for$1750.00 (US Dollars).

http://www.extron.com/product/mcp-mkp.stm

http://www.extron.com/product/hiresc.stm

http://www.extron.com/product/dds100.stm


9

Image ScalingTechnologyby Roger McCarten,Product Manager

FIGURE 1. Converting image's resolution to match display device's native resolution

Recent advances in video processing tech-nology have brought the price of imagescalers down to the point where they can beconsidered in even low to mid price AVsystems. As scalers have become moreprevalent in AV systems, questions andmisconceptions have arisen regarding scaleroperation. Therefore, this column will bedevoted to providing a basic and accurateunderstanding of scaler operation and applica-tions.

SCALER TECHNOLOGYScalers operate similar to a line doubler orline quadrupler. Like a line doubler/quadru-pler, a scaler takes an interlaced video signal(NTSC, PAL and SECAM) and outputs aprogressive scanned signal and varies thenumber of scan lines to change resolution.The signal processing technique is essentiallythe same. In fact, a line doubler/quadruplercan be thought of as a fixed resolution scaler.A scaler does not process pixels and thentransmit an image in pixel form. The output ofa scaler is a video signal.

Most upscalers will accept a composite or S-video signal and convert it to any of anumber of output resolutions. However,scalers are not limited to accepting compositeor S-video, and then converting them tocomputer signals. Some scalers will acceptcomputer signals, and down-convert them tocomposite, S-video, or even up-scale anddown-scale them to other computer resolu-tions, like Extron’s VSC 300. Other scalerswill accept computer signals and either up-scale or down-scale them as needed, likeExtron’s DDS 100.

SCALER FEATURESThe main advantage of a scaler is that it canchange its output rate to match the abilities ofa display device. This is especially advanta-geous in the case of digital display devices.Digital display devices produce images on a

fixed matrix. In order for the digital displaydevice to provide optimal light output, theentire matrix should be used (Figure 1). Todo this, the digital display device uses itsinternal pixel map processor to do scaling.An external scaler is designed to do the samething, but generally provides better decoding,more user control, and will store picturesettings information. This increases flexi-bility, making changing sources andchanging image attributes easier.

Since a scaler can scale the output both hori-zontally and vertically, this allows it tochange aspect ratios. So a scaler can take astandard NTSC video signal and convert it toa 16 x 9 HDTV output. If a system has aHDTV type of display, but sources includeNTSC, PAL or SECAM, this feature can beparticularly useful. Extron's new scaler, theDVS 100 offers HDTV output. HDTV outputresolutions include 480p, 720p, and 1080p.(Both of Extron’s new scalers, the DDS 100and the DVS 100, have been preprogrammedfor the most common LCD, DLP and plasmadisplays. They will output an image that willfit the display area exactly).

Another advantage a scaler can offer is theability to adjust horizontal and vertical sizeand positioning, for a variety of video inputs.Many digital display devices don't have thememory to adjust for multiple input signals.This makes it necessary to make adjustmentsfor each new signal. Extron’s DDS 100 hasthe capability to store settings for up to 30sources. Each source can be set up in terms ofhorizontal and vertical sizing, and position.The horizontal and vertical filtering settingswill also be automatically saved for eachsource. Once each source is set up, the DDS100 will recall the settings for the appropriatesource signal when its reconnected.

THE DVS 100 AND THE DDS 100Extron will be introducing two scalers atInfocomm, the DVS 100 and the DDS 100(see articles on page 1 and page 8). Thesescalers will allow you to considerably simplifyyour AV system. NTSC, PAL, SECAM andcomputer sources can be converted into anyof the major computer or HDTV, LCD, DLPor Plasma resolutions, to match other signalsin the system. This will make signal routingand display device selection much easier.

Digital display device

A scaler canmatch an imageexactly to thepixel matrix

Pixelmatrix

Image

DDS 100—Digital Scaler


10

Unique Techniques:Extron Goes Hollywood

Planet Hollywood to be exact. Thisissue’s look into an installation coversthe design and later upgrade of one of thechain’s newest sites: Cape Town, SouthAfrica. The system was designed by ProSystems of Pretoria, South Africa andPro Sound Ltd. of Johannesburg, SouthAfrica, and includes several Extronproducts. The initial installation was seenin the October 1998 issue of Sound &Communication.

The goal of most Planet Hollywood (PH)installs is to distribute a common videoand audio signal throughout the restau-rant, usually comprised of movie clipsfeaturing the founding celebrities: ArnoldSwartzenegger, Sylvester Stallone, BruceWillis, etc. How Pro Systems and ProSound designed the system was left totheir discretion, but the price had to bereasonable and the quality had to bemind-blowing. PH was very particularabout this, and before getting started, ProSound was required to visit other sites tosee just what PH wanted. Sub par soundor video quality was not acceptable. Thisfocus on quality is due to the fact thataudio and video are considered integralto the PH experience. It was up to ProSystems and Pro Sound to make it work,and do so without any structural changesto the site—a 19th century waterfrontwarehouse.

Display devices at PH include two SonyVPH-1001 QM projectors using 120 inchStewart rear projection screens, eightMitsubishi VS-6043 rear projection tele-visions, and two Sony KV-F 29 inch tele-visions. System inputs include a SonySVO-2100 S-VHS player, a KalatelKTA-6C2C color Cyberdome camera, aMarantz CC38 CD player, a Pioneer 50

laser disc “jukebox,” a PAL to NTSCconverter for use with non-dedicatedsources, and an Extron Emotia 800 Jr.scan converter. The latter was used todisplay computer generated graphics overthe displays during source changes. Toswitch and keep everything undercontrol, an Extron MAV 62 audio videomatrix switcher was chosen. This is asix-input, two-output composite videoswitcher with balanced audio. Havingfewer outputs than display devices wasnot considered a problem, as all of thedevices were to use the same signals.Distribution amplifiers were used to splitthe MAV 62’s outputs to all of thedisplays.

Audio signals were also routed throughthe MAV 62, which were then fed into aDBX 166 stereo compressor/limiter, andthen to a Rane RPE 228 equalizer. Fromthe Rane EQ the signals were split by apair of 1x3 VCA controllers, fed to six

Rane ME 15B micrographic EQs, andfinally to Crown 460 and 1400 ampli-fiers. The speakers were all made byElectro-Voice and included 76 S-40 2-ways, and 26 DL12W sub-bass loud-speakers.

Once completed, PH expressed theirprofound satisfaction to Pro Systems andPro Sound. The company representativeresponsible for declaring the system “upto spec” claimed that it was one of thebest he’d personally seen in a PlanetHollywood. “We have received manycompliments from people who say [thesystem] is better than any other PlanetHollywood’s, save some very high budgetrestaurants in places like Orlando, Florida,and Los Angeles,” adds John Buckley ofPro Systems. This is great praise, espe-cially when considering that the poorexchange rate between the U.S. Dollarand the South African Rand almost meantthe show wouldn’t go on. Ultimately it

John Buckley (right) and Jimmy Diti of Pro Systems in front of Planet Hollywood,Cape Town. These two have worked together in the A/V industry since 1974,

and use Extron products in many of their designs and installations.


11

did, and at under half the cost of thesystem originally recommended by PlanetHollywood USA’s A/V consultant.

While everyone was happy with theinstall, Pro Systems and Pro Sounds werecontracted to return for some necessaryupgrades following the tragic bombing ofPH Cape Town last August. While mostof the video equipment survived theexplosion, several changes were made.First, the MAV 62 and its distributionamplifiers were exchanged for an ExtronMatrix 50 12x8 composite video andstereo audio switcher. This was necessaryso that some of the displays could beused for sports and other televisionprogramming and the remainder woulduse the company S-VHS tapes. “SouthAfrica is a sports mad country, andpeople love to watch on the big screens,”says Buckley. At the same time PHdecided to stop using laser disc program-ming entirely in favor of S-VHS tapes,so a second Sony SVO S-VHS playerwas added. Lastly, four of the MitsubishiVS-6043s damaged in the bombing werereplaced with Sony KP-EF61s whenreplacement Mitsubishis where notreadily available.

Understandably, security became a majorconcern following the bombing. Two

Vidamax CD-530 color surveillancecameras were attached to secondaryinputs on the two Sony KV-F 29 inchtelevisions. This allows patrons to seethemselves as they enter the restaurantand pass through newly installed metaldetectors. The images are then recordedon time-lapse VHS recorders. “PlanetHollywood Cape Town has gone to great expense with security personneland measures to prevent the re-occur-

rence of such a terrible event,” saysBuckley.

While there are currently no further plansto expand PH Cape Town, Pro Systems iskeeping busy, using Extron products inmany of their installs. “We like the widebandwidth, low noise, reliability anduser-friendliness of Extron Products,”explains Buckley. “The service we getfrom Extron Europe is also excellent.”

An Extron Matrix 50 (center) provides centralizedcontrol over Planet Hollywood'svarious video and audio sources.

Would you like to see your installation covered here? Do you have a unique methodof using Extron products? Tell us about it! Call Carol Hubben at 714.491.1500 andyour unique technique may be in the next issue of ExtroNews.

lenges when installing architectural inter-faces—fear not. The RGB 500 Series is thesolution.

These streamlined computer-video interfaces offer modelswith either 15-pin HD or 9-pin input connectors, variableconnection plates, dualinterface models and specialmounting capabilities forEuropean installations—allbehind a clean, subtlydesigned faceplate. But don’t

judge them solely on their slickfeatures and good looks. The RGB500 Series interfaces offer highperformance and complete compati-bility with digital displays, such asLCD, DLP and Plasma, thanks to theaddition of Extron’s own AdvancedDigital Signal Processing (ADSP™).

The 500 Series is comprised of theRGB 500, RGB 550, RGB 508 and RGB558. This series reflects Extron’s earlier “in-the-wall” interface designs, but these new

interfaces are more adaptable to existingspaces and connection requirements.Because architecture and design playincreasingly important roles in technolog-ical considerations, the RGB 500 Seriesoffers a clean, streamlined approach tocomputer-video interfacing that meets thedemands of boardrooms, auditoriums andclassrooms alike. Sleek, subtle andextremely flexible, this new interface serieshas more than good looks up its sleeve.

Each interface is only two inches thick andcan be mounted directly to the drywall—noneed to rely on finding a wall stud forjunction box installment. With the 500Series you simply cut a hole in the desiredlocation, mount a “mud-ring” bracket to thedrywall pull the necessary cables leaving ashort service loop, connect the cables to theinterface (all interface signal connectionsare on the bottom of the interface) andattach the interface to the bracket. A sleekfaceplate, with input connectors, covers theinterface for a neat and tidy final presenta-tion. The smaller design and mounting flex-ibility of these interfaces are invaluable for


12

RGB 500 Series–continued from page 1

Per gli Europei (For the Europeans): RGB 500 Series Euro ChannelThe building construction methods used in Europe are such that wiringinside of an exterior wall is not possible. Therefore, electrical wiringand cabling are accomplished via channels that run along theoutside of a wall, along baseboards or just below windows.These channels route the wires, cable and connectionsnecessary for electricity, lights, computer networks, A/Vcomponents, etc.

Extron has taken the nature of these channels into considera-tion. Along with its new RGB 500 Architectural Series of inter-faces are special interfaces with connecting faceplates that fitright into the 12 and17 centimeter space of these channels. Now, aninstaller can use an RGB 500, 508, 550 or 558 to interface video, audio,network connection, computers, etc.

RGB 500WITH ADSPTM

RGB 500 WITH ADSP TM

INPUT


POWER

AUTO

ID PIN 11ID PIN 4

CS PIN 9

H. SHIFT

AUDIO

RGB 500 WITH ADSP TM

INPUT

BUFFERED

LOCAL MONITOR

POWERAUTO

ID PIN 11

ID PIN 4

CS PIN 9

H. SHIFT

AUDIO

Euro Channel

RGB 550EC

5 BNC Output

Power (3.5mm CaptiveScrew Connector)

Audio (3.5mm CaptiveScrew Connector)

RGB 558 Interface

(continued on next page)

RGB 500 Interface

RGB 550 Interface


13

HB Communications uses Extron’s BNC-5SuperFlex HR Plenum Cable for all typesof installations, such as staging, rental,trade shows, and meetings. Our standardinstallation is a 5-wire projector system—5-wire to work with all kinds of equipmentand to deal with sync differences.

Our technical and engineering staff noticedseveral helpful features of the Extron’s newBNC-5 plenum cable.

The flexibility of the SuperFlex jacket is aplus when maneuvering the cable throughtight corners. During our initial tests weworked the cable to see if it would bendseveral times without splitting the jacket—this is a key feature of the plenum cable—and we put lots of pressure on the cableduring long cable runs. Well, the BNC-5cable passed both tests—it didn’t sacrificedurability for flexibility.

We use the plenum-rated cable for installs thatrequire CL2P (National Electric Code) cable.One thing about the BNC-5 plenum cable thatour installers are impressed with is howUNLIKE the usual plenum cable Extron’sBNC-5 plenum cable is. Extron’s BNC-5plenum cable is so much more flexible andeasier to work with than typical plenum cable.

When the installers are stripping the cable fortermination, the ripcord helps them open uponly the outside jacket, so they don’t acciden-tally nick any of the inner cables. This is a bighelp when we are using sub-contractors toinstall the base building AV wiring or we areasked to use the “in-house” electricalcontractor.

Another useful feature is thesequential numbering. Thenumbers are printed a foot aparton the cable jacket, so we can

calculate the cable length withoutmeasuring it. By looking at the ends ofthe cable, we always know how much isleft on a spool. Plus, when we put in abid, what we do is look at the blueprintsand estimate how much cable to use forthe cable path. Sometimes we end upusing a great deal more cable, becauseof obstructions or variances with theconduit plan. With sequentialnumbering, it’s easy to see how muchmore cable than anticipated we’veactually used in a given pull. That also

helps make our cable inventorynumbers more accurate, andthere’s no guessing game as towhich spool has enough cableleft for a particular job.

“We Like It!”HB Communications Take on Extron's New BNC-5 SuperFlex Plenum Cableby Kevin Collins, HB Communications

RGB 558

INPUT


POWER

AUTO

ID PIN 11ID PIN 4

CS PIN 9

H. SHIFT

AUDIO

SVGA Compatible Computer w/ Audio

RGB 558

2 - BNC

Sample Modular Connector Plates

2 - RCA

2 - S-Video

2 - F Connectors

2 - 3.5mm Stereo mini

DB9

HD15

1 - S-Video / 2 - RCA

many situations where space is a preciouscommodity.

Now, let’s talk performance. All four of theinterfaces provide 300 MHz (-3dB) videobandwidth, auto power, 75 ohm termina-tion, horizontal shift control, active PCaudio interfacing to convert unbalancedaudio into balanced audio and three levelsof gain and peaking. Each interface alsoprovides Extron’s exclusive AdvancedDigital Sync Processing (ADSP™) foruniversal digital device compatibility aswell as Digital Display Sync Processing(DDSP™) for use with devices requiringunmodified sync signals.

The RGB 500 and RGB 550 provide single-width faceplates (about 4" x 4") with

RGB 558 Application Diagram(continued on page 16)

RGB 500 Series–continued from previous page

PRO AV 9400

MMIITTSSUUBBIISSHHII

Mitsubishi has recently announced theDiamond Pro 2020u, a 22" flat-faceddesktop monitor. The new Diamond Pro2020u is compatible with IBM, AppleMacintosh, Power Macintosh, Windows95 and high-resolution third-partygraphics standards. It offers a 30–121 kHzhorizontal scanning range, a 50–160 Hzvertical scanning range and a maximumnon-interlaced addressable resolution of1800 x 1440. The monitor has anattached 15-pin HD (VGA) input cable.The “u” following the monitor name issignificant, indicating that this monitorfeatures a USB hub. Mitsubishi hasequipped the self-powered USB hubwith an exclusive arrangement of twoupstream and three downstream ports sotwo independent computers may share asingle set of USB devices. Thesuggested list price is $1,499.

Recommended Extron accessories:For VGA, use the P/2 DA2 Plus, VGASwitchers and VGA Plenum cables. ForMac, use the Mac DA2 Plus and ourMac/VGA adapters. For RGBHVsystems, use the RGB 130xi and15HDM-RGBHVF adapter. To getvideo into the VGA switcher, use theVLD 50.


14

POWER 5gvC

ExtroNews publishes information about newproducts that are relative to the Extron productline in the New News section. If you would like

a new product to be reviewed for New News,please send a press release, literature, contact

name and a four color slide or photo to:

2020U

PPRROOXXIIMMAA

Proxima has recently introduced the ProAV 9400 LCD multimedia projector. ThePro AV 9400 is the first projector toutilize the PanelLink industry standard.PanelLink technology makes possible thelow-cost, high-quality, standardized, all-digital end-to-end link between computersor other digital electronics devices, anddigital displays. The Pro AV 9400 has ahorizontal scan range of 15–80 kHz, avertical scan range of 50–100 Hz, anative resolution of 1280 x 1024 and2300 ANSI lumens brightness output. Theprojectors offers two computer inputschannels: RGB (15-pin HD)/DFP (DigitalPanelLink Interface) and RGBHV/BNC.It also offers two video input channelswhich include 3 BNC for component andcomposite video and one mini DIN 4-pinfor S-video. The suggested list price is$23,999.

Recommended Extron accessories:For VGA, use the P/2 DA2 Plus, VGASwitchers and VGA Plenum cables. ForMac, use the MacDA2 Plus and ourMac/VGA adapters. For RGBHVsystems, use the RGB 130xi and15HDM-RGBHVF adapter. To get videointo the VGA switcher, use the VLD 50.For complete system control, use theSystem 5cr.

DDIIGGIITTAALL PPRROOJJEECCTTIIOONN

Digital Projection has recently introducedthe POWER 5gvC, a 3-chip DigitalMicromirror Device (DMD) projector.The POWER 5gvC has a horizontal scanrange of 15–64 kHz, a vertical scan rangeof 24–100 Hz and a native resolution of1024 x 768. It offers 4500 ANSI lumensbrightness output and advanced videodecoding by Faroudja Laboratories. Theprojector offers three independentlyconfigurable inputs on 5 BNC connectors,which are selectable via remote control.The projector will accept RGB,component video, S-video, and compositevideo. The suggested list price is $64,995.

Recommended Extron accessories:For computer connection use RGB 202xi,RGB 302/304 or Architectural Seriesinterfaces. For RGB distribution use ADAdistribution amplifiers, BNC extensioncables. Use Lanciaxi line doubler orSentosaxi line quadruper to enhance videosignals.

Pat Charlton, New NewsExtron Electronics1230 South Lewis StreetAnaheim, CA 92805Phone: (714) 491-1500 ext. 6244


15

MEDIAPRO384 VPL-X1000USMP420ID

SSIIMM22 MMUULLTTIIMMEEDDIIAA

SIM2 Multimedia has recently intro-duced the SMP420ID 42" plasmadisplay. The SMP420ID offers a native16:9 resolution (852 x 480 pixels).Typical use will be to process anddisplay information, also over thenetwork, thanks to the integratedcomputer. It sports a 2 GB hard disk,floppy disk drive, CD-ROM, integratedstereo audio (2 built-in 5W speakers),Ethernet network connection capability,keyboard and mouse connection andmore. Touchscreen capability andsoftware personalization come asoptions. It offers a CVBS and S-VHSvideo input on RCA connectors forPAL, SECAM and NTSC and an analogVGA video output on a 15-pin HDconnector. The suggested list price is$16,000 USD.

Recommended Extron accessories:For VGA, use the P/2 DA2 Plus, VGASwitchers and VGA Plenum cables.For Mac, use the Mac DA 2 Plus andour Mac/VGA adapters. For RGBHVsystems, use the RGB 130xi and15HDM-RGBHVF adapter. To getvideo into the VGA switcher, use theVLD 50.

SSOONNYY

Sony has recently introduced the VPL-X1000U LCD projector. TheVPL-X1000U offers a horizontal scanrange of 15–91 kHz, a vertical scanrange of 43–85 Hz and a native reso-lution of 1024 x 768. It provides 1100ANSI lumens brightness output andcan handle VGA, SVGA, XGA andSVGA (compressed), as well ascomposite video, Y/C video andcomponent video signals. Theprojector inputs are: RGB/Component(15-pin HD x2), composite video(RCA) and S-video (4-pin DIN). Thesuggested list price is $8,990 with a1.3x lens. A variety of optional lensesare available for use with the VPL-X1000U.

Recommended Extron accessories:For VGA, use the P/2 DA2 Plus, VGASwitchers and VGA Plenum cables.For Mac, use the Mac DA 2 Plus andour Mac/VGA adapters. For RGBHVsystems, use the RGB 130xi and15HDM-RGBHVF adapter. To getvideo into the VGA switcher, use theVLD 50.

RRFFII RRAADDIIOO SSAALLLLYY SSYYSSTTEEMMSS,, IINNCC..

RSI unveils the MediaPro 384Videoconferencing Series for use withLaptop computers. The Mediapro 384codec is H.320 standards-based andinternalizes all videoconferencinghardware electronics, inverse multi-plexer (IMUX) and network terminaladapters (NTI). It attaches via the SCSIport to laptops or PCs and allowsvideoconferencing over ISDN lines at384 kbs. The laptop or PC’s output canthen be connected to display devicessuch as projectors or monitors. TheMediaPro 384 starts at $4,995.00.

Recommended Extron accessories:For RGB distribution, use the P/2 DA2Plus, VGA Switchers and VGA Plenumcables or ADA distribution amplifiersand BNC extension cables. For integra-tion with large screen displays, use theRGB 130xi. For integrating externalvideo sources to the codec, use theMAV 62 video and audio matrix andYCS SW6 MX.


16

computer-video and audio input connectors.The RGB 500 uses a 9-pin universalconnector with which the appropriatemonitor/laptop breakout cable must also beordered, and the RGB 550 uses the popular15-pin HD connector. The RGB 550 alsooffers a buffered local monitor outputconnector so video images can be viewedon the main display and monitor simultane-ously. It provides ID bit termination for pins4 and 11 from the front panel and can beused to interface Apple/Mac and 13W3style workstations (SUN, SGI, and IBMPowerPC) with available adapter cables.

New Catalog, ExtronCD, andHandbook Now AvailableExtron has released its 1999-2000 ProductCatalog and ExtronCD in both USA/domesticand international versions. The Catalogfeatures all of Extron’s new products andcurrent product lines. There are also cross-reference lists for monitors, computers, andprojectors. The ExtronCD includes the Catalog aswell as brochures, product images, applicationdiagrams, and user’s manuals.

Also released, Extron’s Handbook VI of ComputerInterfacing and Video Distribution on CD is loadedwith new training materials, updated articles fromHandbook Volumes I-V, over 100 pages of expandedcross-reference lists, and a glossary of industry terms.New articles discuss topics such as digital video, videoequalizing, and matrix switching. This Handbook CD is anexcellent resource for veteran and new A/V professionalsalike.

The 1999-2000 Extron Product Catalog and ExtronCD areavailable free of charge. The Handbook Vol. VI (Domestic PN:67-051-01 and International PN: 67-051-02) lists for $60.00 (US Dollars).

The dual faceplate design andremovable/adaptable plates of the RGB 508and RGB 558 provide extended connectionflexibility and versatility. For example, youcan configure the interface with pass-through connections for S-video andleft/right audio. Or, configure the interfaceto accommodate computer-video andnetwork connections as well as RGBHV.

Two other major advantages of the 500Series are dual interface design and compat-ibility with European channel mountingsystems. Designed on 4-gang size face-

RGB 500 Series–continued from page 13

plates, these dual interfaces can be found inthe RGB 500 and 550 models. This dualinterface design is particularly convenientwhen you need more than one interface in asingle location.

Faceplates in Extron grey, white and blackare available for all models. The platesmount with small screws that are indistin-guishable when secured for a more aestheti-cally pleasing appearance. See how wellthese 2" interfaces will fit into your nextinstallation. The RGB 500 Series interfacesdebut at INFOCOMM ’99, booth #2069.

http://www.extron.com/product/rgb500.stm • http://www.extron.com/product/rgb508.stm • http://www.extron.com/product/rgb550.stm • http://www.extron.com/product/rgb558.stm

EXTRON ELECTRONICS/RGB SYSTEMS, INC.1230 South Lewis Street, Anaheim, CA 92805800.633.9876 714.491.1500 FAX 714.491.1517U.S.A.

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, EUROPEBeeldschermweg 6C, 3821 AH Amersfoort+31.33.453.4040 FAX +31.33.453.4050The Netherlands

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, ASIA41B Kreta Ayer Road, Singapore 089003+65.226.0015 FAX +65.226.0019Singapore

EXTRON ELECTRONIC INFORMATIONEXTRONWEB™: www.extron.comEXTRONFAX™: 714.491.019224-hour access—worldwide!

800.633.9876

Extron’s New Sync Stabilizer

Extron’s SS 200 Sync Stabilizer with Advanced Digital SyncProcessing (ADSP™) compensates for the sync processing limi-tations of digital display devices. LCDs, DLPs, and PlasmaDisplays often have trouble with sync signals that have beenaltered through previous processing or interfacing.

Through Extron’s exclusive ADSP™ technology, the SS 200cleans up sync so that clear, stable images are produced, and re-establishes the proper timing relationship between the video andsync signals. Common image problems—such as hooking,tearing, or bending at the top of the screen are eliminated.

The SS 200 provides these advantages:

• Bandwidth: 300 MHz (-3dB)• Compatible with any analog RGB signal with horizontal

frequency between 15-145 kHz and vertical frequencybetween 30-170 Hz

• RsGsBs, RGsB, RGBS, or RGBHV input on five BNCs• Digitally restored RGBHV or RGBS output simultaneously

on five BNCs and 15-pin HD female connector• Horizontal shift control• 75 or 510 ohm sync termination, switch-selectable• Detachable bracket for mounting near projector included• Provides power jack for 12VDC (detachable 120-240VAC

desktop power supply included)

The SS 200 lists for $695.00. For complete details,visit our website at http://www.extron.com/product/ss200.stm

Ceiling

4 BNCInput

SS 200

MountingBolt

ProjectorMountingBracket

VGA / 5 BNCOutput ToProjector

SS 200 with ADSP™


18

at all, then CF= 0 and the differencebetween Line 2 and Line 1 is used.This type of adaptive system worksonly within a picture field and is calledintrafield filtering. Additional logic isusually added to detect whether thesystem sampling of data is stableenough to perform proper combing. Ifnot, the system switches back to thenotch/bandpass filtering method. Thisis quite common when decoding videofrom the typical VHS VCR.

The term “2D” indicates that the filterimplements detection of both hori-zontal transitions (along horizontallines) and vertical transitions (betweenhorizontal lines) within the picturefield of interest. The term adaptivecarries wide meaning in that combfilter manufacturers create uniquemethods that enable the filter to makebetter decisions as to which processalgorithms to use. Adaptive processingcan lead to increased noise or graini-ness in the image. To combat this, asystem function may be added calledcoring. The coring function modifies(or outputs the equivalent of zeroes)the data values near a transition so asto remove the random artifacts. This,in conjunction with a contouringcircuit, adjusts the values to provide amuch more pleasing image transition.

So, the 2D adaptive filter attempts toeliminate the hanging dots at colortransitions. If a situation occurs wherethere are different colors on threesuccessive lines, the filter fails andartifacts appear. The problem will bemost noticeable on specific, abruptcolor changes and not so obvious ongradual color transitions. On diagonallines, the 2D adaptive filter is lesseffective. There is typically not muchluma correlation from one line to

another. Although some averagingoccurs, this filter type is only marginallybetter than a regular line comb.

CURE FOR MOTION SICKNESS?3D motion adaptive comb filters representthe most sophisticated comb technologyavailable. While still pricey compared topreviously discussed filter types, they canprovide near perfect separation of Y andC for still frame images. In 3D combfiltering, picture information is taken andcompared to information in successiveframes (called inter-frame filtering), asopposed to 2D filters which process datataken from successive lines within a fieldor frame (intra-frame filtering).

For still images, the picture data from oneframe to the next is essentially identical.Since it has a high degree of correlation,making comparisons (similar in topologyto the line comb examples) provides nearperfect output of correlated Y and C. Inthis case, diagonal lines and color transi-tions can be matched very well. This isthe key advantage over the 2D filter.

However, if there is picture movement orcolor changes between frames, the 3Dsystem will produce noticeable errors.Here is where the motion adaptationcomes into play. The 3D filter comparesthe data of several video frames to

determine correlation (still image) or lackof it (motion present). If motion orserious color changes are detected, thesystem switches to 2D adaptive filteroperation. Under this condition the 3Dfilter may perform no better than the 2Dfilter. Different implementations of thefilter will use different algorithms for thedetermination of motion or color changes.This motion detection is not a trivialpursuit and will separate the good 3Dcomb filter from the not-so-good one.

YOU TOO CAN BECOME AN EXPERTAfter all the foregoing, what does it meanto you? How can you tell one filter fromanother? That is probably the mostimportant question on your mind.Further, it’s one thing to recognize thetype of comb filter design and quiteanother to determine if it’s performingcorrectly. Let’s see if I can provide youwith “something to walk away with”.Refer to the table on the opposite page fora compilation of features and problemswith each of the topologies discussed inthis series on Y/C separation in the NTSCdecoding process. While you may notfind that memorizing the various featuresis any advantage to you, pay particularattention to those features that helpidentify the comb filter type of mostinterest to you. You never know whenand where you’ll see a good comb filter.

1-HDelay

Y CHANNEL

C CHANNEL

CF (Correlation Factor)Composite

NTSC

+

+

+

-

--

1-HDelay

MULTIPLEXER

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3

Line 2Line 1

Line 3

CORRELATIONDETECTOR

FIGURE 2.2D Adaptive comb filter

Comb Filters–Continued from page 5

For past articles, go to http://www.extron.com/extronews/index.html


19

Y/C Filter Types

Notch/ Bandpass

Simple Line Comb

2-Line & 3-Line Type

2D Adaptive

3D Adaptive

Characteristics

• Low luma bandwidth

• High amounts of cross-color and cross-luma

• Increased horizontal resolution

• Hanging dots at color boundaries

• Vertical dot crawl

• Severe artifacts at vertical colortransitions

• Increased horizontal resolution, but less vertical resolution

• Better color transitions

• Hanging dots

• Dot crawl

• Nearly no hanging dots

• Good horizontal bandwidth

• Improved cross-color performance

• Near perfect on still images

• Switches to 2D during motion

• Improved vertical resolution

How to Identify?

• Soft edge definition

• Gross amounts of dot crawlaround text and at vertical colorboundaries

• Regions with closely spaced linesgo grey

• Can better see closely spacedlines, although lots of cross-color

• False colors at vertical color transitions

• Better BW than notch

• Can better see closely spaced lines,although some cross-color

• Improved color transitions

• Better BW than notch

• Lower vertical resolution

• Hanging dots on vertical colortransition

• Fails to eliminate dots in regionsof high detail

• Nearly no dots at base of text or other color transitions

• Best H&V BW with no dot crawlor hanging dots

• Possible artifacts around movingobjects

Which Test Signals?

Multi-burst: look for grey band at 3.58 MHz band region

Color Bars: heavy dot crawl on verticaltransitions; poor green/magenta transition

Resolution Wedge: cross-color inwedge along with rapid loss of resolution near the wedge end

Multi-burst: improved horizontal resolution; clarity of all bursts

Color Bars: dot crawl on vertical edges;abrupt color errors between upper &lower bar colors

Resolution Wedge: some resolutionimprovement, but lots of cross-color

Multi-burst: good horizontal resolution;clarity of all bursts

Color Bars: improved vertical colortransitions; hanging dots along the vertical color transitions

Resolution Wedge: lower vertical resolution; still visible cross-color

Multi-burst: good horizontal resolutionand clarity of all bursts

Color Bars: near elimination of hangingdots; cleaner color transitions; somevertical dot crawl

Resolution Wedge: some cross-colorand loss of vertical resolution; goodhorizontal resolution and correlation

Multi-burst: good horizontal resolutionand clarity of all bursts

Color Bars: virtually no dots vertical orhorizontal; smooth color transitions;good green/magenta transition

Resolution Wedge: when stationary,full resolution w/o cross-color artifacts;when moving, same as 2D

BASIC Y/C FILTERING CHARACTERISTICSBASIC Y/C FILTERING CHARACTERISTICS


Extron School and Extron School On the Road Schedules

Aug. 12-13..........................................Extron School, Sales Class ............................................Anaheim, CAAug. 23-24..........................................Extron School On the Road....................................Minneapolis, MNAug. 25-26..........................................Extron School On the Road....................................Minneapolis, MNSept. 9-10 ..........................................Extron School, Technical Class ......................................Anaheim, CASept. 28-29 ........................................Extron School On the Road ....................................Washington, DCSept. 30-Oct. 1 ..................................Extron School On the Road ....................................Washington, DCOct. 11-12 ..........................................Extron School International ..................................The NetherlandsOct. 25-26 ..........................................Extron School On the Road ............................................Atlanta, GAOct. 27-28 ..........................................Extron School On the Road ............................................Atlanta, GA

Think you’ve seen everything at the Projection Shoot-Out? Think again. Steve Somers, Extron Electronics’ VicePresident of Engineering and Chairman for theInternational Communications IndustriesAssociation’s (ICIA) INFOCOMM InternationalProjection Shoot-Out® talks about what’s new for ‘99.

"This year Shoot-Out attendees can expect to seea new HDTV demo category; learn pointers froma multi-lingual tutorial CD; encounter speciallycontrolled lighting; and listen to backgroundnarration provided by none other than, AOL’sElwood Edwards" explains Somers.

Here’s a quick run down on ’99: New HDTV category highlights new twenty-sevenfeet wide by fifteen feet high (16:9 aspect ratio)screens from Stewart Filmscreen. Imagery consists

of moving images from movie and video created especially for HD.

Used to all the darkness that shrouds the Shoot-Out? The largevenue projection categories, including the HDTV demo category,will have lighting throughout the hall varied from zero to as muchas forty-percent allowing viewers to observe how bright eachprojector’s light output is and how well they handle ambient light.

The format for the ’99 tutorial is depicted in a sort of story lineand will support five different languages including English,Spanish, German, Japanese and Mandarin Chinese.

Elwood Edwards, the ”voice of AOL“ will be in the backgroundaudio describing some of the salient concepts and features of thetest patterns and images seen during the show.

INFOCOMM ‘99 will be held at the Orange County ConventionCenter in Orlando, Florida. Show dates are as follow: Thursday,June 10 from 10:00am to 6:00pm; Friday, June 11 from 9:00amto 6:00pm; and Saturday, June 12 from 9:00am to 4:00pm. TheShoot-Out will be open during show hours to INFOCOMMattendees.

The 1999 Shoot-Out CD and Tutorial CD will be available forpurchase at the show and through Extron Electronics. Prices andpart numbers for the CDs are as follows: Shoot-Out EvaluationSoftware 29-046-01 ($99); Shoot-Out Tutorial (multi-lingual)29-046-02 ($69); and the bundle package (-01 & -02) price 29-046-03 ($149)– all in US dollars. Call 800.633.9876 for moreinformation or stop by Extron’s booth #2069.

EXTRON ELECTRONICS/RGB SYSTEMS, INC.1230 South Lewis Street, Anaheim, CA 92805800.633.9876 714.491.1500 FAX 714.491.1517U.S.A.

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, EUROPEBeeldschermweg 6C, 3821 AH Amersfoort+31.33.453.4040 FAX +31.33.453.4050The Netherlands

EXTRON ELECTRONICS, ASIA41B Kreta Ayer Road, Singapore 089003+65.226.0015 FAX +65.226.0019Singapore

EXTRON ELECTRONIC INFORMATIONEXTRONWEB™: www.extron.comEXTRONFAX™: 714.491.019224-hour access—worldwide!

Documents

The Most Versatile Architectural Interfaces Ever! …...non-interlaced RGB video. Similar to a computer’s video output, non-interlaced video provides greater resolution and a video