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The Moon (Luna)
⚫Period of rotation= 27 days, 9 hours
⚫Period of revolution= 27 days, 7 hours (!!)
⚫Diameter= 3,475 km (about ¼ Earth)
⚫Density= 3.34 g/cm3
⚫Surface temperature= −170 to 134°C
⚫Surface gravity= 16% of Earth’s
⚫about 384,000 km away (took Apollo about 3 days to get there)
⚫Some moon rocks were as old as Earth
Features of the moon
⚫craters
⚫maria
⚫highlands
⚫rilles
Pictures from Apollo
There are moonquakes.(seismographs left on moon)
Observe images illustrating the impact theory of the moon's formation.
Gravity is 1/6th of Earth’s
⚫An average male adult weighs 1000
Newtons on Earth, so about how much
does he weigh on the moon?
⚫167 N
⚫Would his mass be higher or lower on the
moon?
⚫the SAME
Moon Phases
S
U
N
…website animation…
⚫Examine the phases of the moon from
Earth and space.
⚫Moon phases (as seen from earth and
space)
⚫Animated moon phases
Solar Eclipse
umbra
penumbra
2 shadows
…website animation…
⚫Observe a solar eclipse.
Lunar Eclipse
Note: 5 degree tilt of the moon’s orbit makes it so we don’t
have an eclipse every month
??
??
…website animation…
⚫Observe a lunar eclipse.
Review of Tides
⚫Spring Tide
full and new moon
highest tidal range
⚫Neap Tide
first and 3rd quarter
lowest tidal range
High & Low tides happen twice a day
Spring & Neap tides happen twice a month
⚫On-line moon QUIZ
⚫Another on-line moon quiz
Questions:
⚫What moon phase is pictured below?
(crescent, quarter, gibbous, new, or full)
>>crescent
⚫ The diagram above shows different positions of
the moon relative to Earth and the sun. In which
phase will an observer on Earth see a crescent
moon?
⚫ >>phase C
SUNPhase A
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
⚫The position of what object is responsible
for the moon’s phases?
⚫the moon, Earth, and sun
⚫About how long does it take the moon to
complete one cycle of phases?
⚫one month (28 days)—one revolution of
the moon around Earth
⚫How much of the moon’s surface can you
see during a new moon phase?
⚫none
⚫About how many days after a full moon will
the last quarter (or third quarter) moon
phase occur?
⚫7 days
⚫After the NEW moon, which is the correct order of the moon phases? (choices: full moon, waxing cresent, waning gibbous)
⚫ 1. waxing cresent
⚫ 2. full moon
⚫ 3. waning gibbous
⚫What phase of the moon would you see about 3 weeks after a new moon?
⚫ last (or 3rd) quarter
⚫During a lunar eclipse, which of the following takes place?a. The sun casts a shadow on the moon.
b. Earth casts a shadow on the moon.
c. The moon casts a shadow on Earth.
d. The moon casts a shadow on the sun.
⚫The phases of the moon are produced
because the moon
orbits the sun.
is smaller that Earth.
orbits Earth.
produces its own light.
⚫Would there be a total solar eclipses if the
moon were twice a far from Earth as it is?
⚫No (make a 2D model)
⚫Which occurs LEAST frequently?
a. an eclipse of the moon
b. an eclipse of the sun
c. one rotation of Earth
d. a full moon
⚫ If a full moon occurs on March 25, about
when will the next full moon occur?
⚫April 24
⚫Under what conditions will an eclipse take place?Only when the sun and Earth are directly lined
up
Only when the moon and Earth are directly lined up
Only when the moon, the sun, and Earth are not directly lined up
Only when the moon, the sun, and Earth are directly line up
⚫What moon phase must the moon be in to
allow for a lunar eclipse?
⚫Full
⚫How are the sun, Earth, and the moon
positioned during a solar eclipse?
⚫S-m-E
⚫Which of the following are caused by the
moon?
Eclipses
Tides
Phases
All of the above
⚫Although the moon is much smaller than the sun, it looks about the same size when viewed from Earth. What fact might account for this observation?
⚫the moon is closer to the Earth than the sun
⚫What phase must the moon be in to allow for a solar eclipse?
⚫new
⚫Which of the following motions of Earth
and the moon occurs in the longest
amount of time?
A. Earth orbits the sun once.
B. The moon orbits Earth twice.
C. Earth rotates on its axis five times.
D. Ten full moons are seen from Earth.
