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The Moon The Moon “Backwards” “Backwards” Peter A. Garretson Peter A. Garretson

The Moon “Backwards”

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The Moon “Backwards”. Peter A. Garretson. Our leadership says we will be there. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The Moon  “Backwards”

The MoonThe Moon “Backwards” “Backwards”

Peter A. GarretsonPeter A. Garretson

Page 3: The Moon  “Backwards”

America will return to the Moon as early as 2015 and no later than 2020 and use it for a stepping stone for more ambitious missions. A series of robotic missions to the Moon...will explore the lunar surface beginning no later than 2008 to research and prepare for future human exploration. Using the Crew Exploration Vehicle, humans will conduct extended lunar missions as early as 2015, with the goal of living and working there for increasingly extended periods."

--President Bush Statement on New Space Initiative

Our leadership says we will be there.

                                                                                                 

                                                                       

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• 2003 saw launch to and return from Space of the first astronaut by China.

• China's GNP now exceeds where we were when we began the Apollo Program.

If reports of a manned landing by 2010 are exaggerated, Ouyang Ziyuan was willing to say that he could foresee manned outposts on the Moon in the long-term, "perhaps by 2020 or 2030". The Moon could serve as a new and tremendous supplier of energy and resources for human beings," he said. "This is crucial to sustainable development of human beings on Earth." "Whoever first conquers the Moon will benefit first," Mr Ouyang added. "As for China, it needs to adopt a strategy based on its concrete economic power and technology level. "We are also looking further out into the Solar System - to Mars." --Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's Moon exploration programme

The Dragon in SpaceCompetition!

Page 5: The Moon  “Backwards”

Competition!Competition! "We are planning to build a "We are planning to build a

permanent base on the moon permanent base on the moon by 2015 and by 2020 we can by 2015 and by 2020 we can begin the industrial-scale begin the industrial-scale delivery ... of the rare isotope delivery ... of the rare isotope Helium-3," Nikolai Helium-3," Nikolai Sevastyanov, head of the Sevastyanov, head of the Energia space corporation, Energia space corporation, was quoted by ITAR-TASS was quoted by ITAR-TASS news agency as saying at an news agency as saying at an academic conference. academic conference.

Page 6: The Moon  “Backwards”

Location: Location: The moon is closeThe moon is close

Just 60-70 hours away (3 days)238,712 mi (384,400 km)

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LocationLocation

Page 8: The Moon  “Backwards”

Location:Location:

The moon is a strategic position, everyone The moon is a strategic position, everyone must pass by it to go anywhere elsemust pass by it to go anywhere else

LOC Control: The equivalent of the Rock of Gibraltar

Page 9: The Moon  “Backwards”

Location:Location: The moon is a The moon is a

fueling station and fueling station and safe harbor, not safe harbor, not unlike Hawaii in the unlike Hawaii in the age of coalage of coal

Page 10: The Moon  “Backwards”

Location:Location: The moon is a stable platform from which The moon is a stable platform from which

to view the earth and starsto view the earth and stars

Page 11: The Moon  “Backwards”

Land:Land:

More surface area than all of AfricaMore surface area than all of Africa

Surface Area - 14,657,449 mi sq. (37,958,621 km sq.) 9.4 billion acres

Page 12: The Moon  “Backwards”

Resources:Resources: The moon is rich, and you don’t have to The moon is rich, and you don’t have to

carry its wealth up the gravity wellcarry its wealth up the gravity well

Page 13: The Moon  “Backwards”

Resources: IronResources: Iron

Page 14: The Moon  “Backwards”

Resources: TitaniumResources: Titanium

Page 15: The Moon  “Backwards”

Resources: Rare EarthsResources: Rare Earths

Page 16: The Moon  “Backwards”

Energy Security:Energy Security: The moon has virtually The moon has virtually

unlimited He3unlimited He3 About 1 million tons of About 1 million tons of heliumhelium 3 3

on the on the moonmoon, enough to power , enough to power the world for thousands of yearsthe world for thousands of years

He3 costs about $6B/ton on He3 costs about $6B/ton on earth earth

He3 can be burned for He3 can be burned for propulsion nowpropulsion now

Page 17: The Moon  “Backwards”

Energy Security:Energy Security: The moon has virtually unlimited The moon has virtually unlimited

materials for Solar Power Station materials for Solar Power Station ConstructionConstruction

Page 18: The Moon  “Backwards”

Facts: Facts:

It takes It takes less energyless energy, and is technically , and is technically less less complexcomplex (no atmosphere or aerodynamics (no atmosphere or aerodynamics) to ) to get materials from the Moonget materials from the Moon to LEO than to to LEO than to get the materials from the Earth to LEO.get the materials from the Earth to LEO.

There are There are adequate materials on the Moonadequate materials on the Moon (aluminum, titanium, iron, oxygen, silicon) (aluminum, titanium, iron, oxygen, silicon) to to construct many objects of interestconstruct many objects of interest (Rocket (Rocket Motors, Fuel Tanks, Shelters, etc.)Motors, Fuel Tanks, Shelters, etc.)

Page 19: The Moon  “Backwards”

22 times less energy!22 times less energy!

1/61/6thth Earth’s Gravity (0.1622 gee) but Earth’s Gravity (0.1622 gee) but It takes more than 21.7 times the energy It takes more than 21.7 times the energy

to get the same payload off the Earth!to get the same payload off the Earth! lunar escapelunar escape velocity of 2.4 km/s velocity of 2.4 km/s Earth Escape velocity 11.2 km/sEarth Escape velocity 11.2 km/s

A Lot Less Propellant!A Lot Less Propellant! A Lot Higher Payload Mass Fraction!A Lot Higher Payload Mass Fraction! And no Air Resistance or DragAnd no Air Resistance or Drag Allows expansion of CIS-Lunar Mass by 1 Allows expansion of CIS-Lunar Mass by 1

to 2 orders of magnitudeto 2 orders of magnitude

Page 20: The Moon  “Backwards”

A Logos Study said:A Logos Study said:

Payload Mass Fraction Earth to LEO: 1.5%Payload Mass Fraction Earth to LEO: 1.5% Payload Mass Fraction, Lunar Surface to Payload Mass Fraction, Lunar Surface to

Low Lunar Orbit (LLO): 50% Escape: 35%Low Lunar Orbit (LLO): 50% Escape: 35% To put 2,400 tons into CIS-Lunar space (L2) To put 2,400 tons into CIS-Lunar space (L2)

would take:would take: 35 launches in the first 5 years (Titan IVB) to put 35 launches in the first 5 years (Titan IVB) to put

3T on the Moon, or…3T on the Moon, or… 810 launches over 15 years810 launches over 15 years

Page 21: The Moon  “Backwards”

Dennis Wingo SaysDennis Wingo Says 3 Billion Metric Tons of 3 Billion Metric Tons of

impact metal having 62 impact metal having 62 million Kilos of Platinum million Kilos of Platinum Group MetalsGroup Metals

A Single “Diablo Canyon” A Single “Diablo Canyon” size impactor would have size impactor would have left between 450 million to left between 450 million to 1.77 billion tons of 1.77 billion tons of economically recoverable economically recoverable nickel/iron/cobalt/PGM nickel/iron/cobalt/PGM material, worth around $20 material, worth around $20 TrillionTrillion

Page 22: The Moon  “Backwards”

But Lee Morin says:But Lee Morin says:

$100,000/lb—anything you can make from lunar $100,000/lb—anything you can make from lunar materials has an intrinsic value add of $100,000/lb materials has an intrinsic value add of $100,000/lb

We can only get 10% of the mass we can get to We can only get 10% of the mass we can get to LEO to the Lunar Surface (one way)LEO to the Lunar Surface (one way) Surveyor was 408 kg or 900 lbsSurveyor was 408 kg or 900 lbs Apollo was 6,900 kg or 15,211 lbsApollo was 6,900 kg or 15,211 lbs

Actual Deliverable with COTS: 1000 kgActual Deliverable with COTS: 1000 kg Compound Interest: If a 1000 kg “seed” can Compound Interest: If a 1000 kg “seed” can

replicate 114 grams an hour, it doubles every yearreplicate 114 grams an hour, it doubles every year

Page 23: The Moon  “Backwards”

Wouldn’t it be nice?Wouldn’t it be nice?

How nice it would be if the How nice it would be if the first new visitors to first new visitors to the Mothe Moon could be picked up in Earth orbit, and on could be picked up in Earth orbit, and be be taken to a fully outfitted basetaken to a fully outfitted base. Would it not . Would it not be nice if be nice if the first gueststhe first guests to the Moon could be to the Moon could be paying guestspaying guests as they are on the first flight of an as they are on the first flight of an Airliner? How could we make this happen?Airliner? How could we make this happen?

Page 24: The Moon  “Backwards”

Here is the basic idea:Here is the basic idea:

Don’t lift fuel and spaceships from the Don’t lift fuel and spaceships from the Earth to get to the Moon in order to Earth to get to the Moon in order to then build a colony there. Rather, build then build a colony there. Rather, build the colony and space-ships on the the colony and space-ships on the Moon where the gravity well is small, Moon where the gravity well is small, and send the fuel and spaceshipsand send the fuel and spaceships..

Page 25: The Moon  “Backwards”

Queens and WorkersQueens and Workers

Workers feed QueenWorkers feed Queen Queen makes Workers Queen makes Workers

(Diggers)(Diggers)

Page 26: The Moon  “Backwards”

Operational PhasesOperational Phases

Phase 0: DesignPhase 0: Design Phase 1: Send the TeamPhase 1: Send the Team Phase 2: Digger ReplicationPhase 2: Digger Replication Phase 3: Colony SplitPhase 3: Colony Split Phase 4: Base ConstructionPhase 4: Base Construction Phase 5: Spaceship ConstructionPhase 5: Spaceship Construction Phase 6: Ferry to Lunar OrbitPhase 6: Ferry to Lunar Orbit Phase 7: Ferry to Earth OrbitPhase 7: Ferry to Earth Orbit Phase 8: Stable OpsPhase 8: Stable Ops

Page 27: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 0: DesignPhase 0: Design

Digger & Queen Replication with Digger & Queen Replication with maximum use of Lunar materials and maximum use of Lunar materials and minimum “vitamins” from Earthminimum “vitamins” from Earth

Keep Total Mass SmallKeep Total Mass Small

Page 28: The Moon  “Backwards”

A lesson from natureA lesson from nature

SpecializationSpecialization

Page 29: The Moon  “Backwards”

Screen ManufacturingScreen Manufacturing

Extrude Screen to make multiple objectsExtrude Screen to make multiple objects Foil, or inflatables may also be appropriateFoil, or inflatables may also be appropriate

Page 30: The Moon  “Backwards”

Sheet Metal WorkingSheet Metal Working

Simple, well-known techniquesSimple, well-known techniques Create a variety of complex shapesCreate a variety of complex shapes

Page 31: The Moon  “Backwards”

Vapor Deposition ProcessVapor Deposition Process

Successive deposition of layers (Iron, Successive deposition of layers (Iron, Titanium, Silicon) over mesh to create Titanium, Silicon) over mesh to create

Solid Complex shapes, structural Solid Complex shapes, structural members, IC’s and pressure volumesmembers, IC’s and pressure volumes

Page 32: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 1: Send the TeamPhase 1: Send the Team

One Queen and two One Queen and two DiggersDiggers

Page 33: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 2: Digger Phase 2: Digger ReplicationReplication

Diggers bring the raw materials to the Diggers bring the raw materials to the queen, which the queen processesqueen, which the queen processes

Page 34: The Moon  “Backwards”

Digger ReplicationDigger Replication

Page 35: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 3: Colony SplitPhase 3: Colony Split

Page 36: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 4: Base Phase 4: Base ConstructionConstruction

Create Pressure VesselsCreate Pressure Vessels Fill them with Lunar OxygenFill them with Lunar Oxygen

Page 37: The Moon  “Backwards”

Pave Landing ZonesPave Landing Zones Pave Solar CellsPave Solar Cells Burry Pressure VesselsBurry Pressure Vessels

Phase 4: Base Phase 4: Base ConstructionConstruction

Page 38: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 5: Spaceship Phase 5: Spaceship ConstructionConstruction

Even rocket engines can be Even rocket engines can be mademade

Launch is simplified:Launch is simplified: No Atmosphere; no ShroudsNo Atmosphere; no Shrouds No volume, aero constraintsNo volume, aero constraints

Page 39: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 6: Ferry to Lunar Phase 6: Ferry to Lunar OrbitOrbit

Launch both Launch both pressure vessels pressure vessels and propellantand propellant

Use precious Use precious metals (PGMs) as metals (PGMs) as the pressure the pressure vesselsvessels

Page 40: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 7: Ferry to Earth Phase 7: Ferry to Earth OrbitOrbit

Roomy vessels only need to be furnishedRoomy vessels only need to be furnished Arrive in LEO ready for pick-upArrive in LEO ready for pick-up People only need to get to LEOPeople only need to get to LEO

Page 41: The Moon  “Backwards”

Phase 8: Stable OpsPhase 8: Stable Ops

First visitors First visitors arrive to a arrive to a spacious facilityspacious facility

Page 42: The Moon  “Backwards”

Stable OpsStable Ops

Living Quarters for IndustryLiving Quarters for Industry Living Quarters for TourismLiving Quarters for Tourism Living Quarters for ExplorationLiving Quarters for Exploration

Page 43: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Mass DriverMass Driver Lunar ElevatorLunar Elevator

Page 44: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Lunar ObservationLunar Observation Lunar “GPS”Lunar “GPS” LIDAR / EO/ IR / SARLIDAR / EO/ IR / SAR

Lunar Com RelayLunar Com Relay Cell-PhoneCell-Phone InternetInternet

Page 45: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Earth Staring TelescopesEarth Staring Telescopes Sky SurveySky Survey

Page 46: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Manufacture:Manufacture: IC’s, Satellites, Turbine Blades, IC’s, Satellites, Turbine Blades,

Pharmaceuticals, Jewelry,Pharmaceuticals, Jewelry, Nanoparticles (aluminum)Nanoparticles (aluminum)

Page 47: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Near Earth Asteroid & Near Earth Asteroid & dead comet dead comet exploitationexploitation Mining for metalsMining for metals Mining for carbonMining for carbon Mining for iceMining for ice

Page 48: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

““Dredge the Harbor”Dredge the Harbor” Planetary DefensePlanetary Defense

Page 49: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Space Solar PowerSpace Solar Power Lunar Solar PowerLunar Solar Power

Page 50: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

A new A new population population CenterCenter

An insurance An insurance policy for policy for humanityhumanity

Page 51: The Moon  “Backwards”

Future GrowthFuture Growth

Fusion?Fusion? Helium 3?Helium 3? Power for EarthPower for Earth Power for ExplorationPower for Exploration

Page 52: The Moon  “Backwards”

Energy ResourcesEnergy Resources

Page 53: The Moon  “Backwards”

World TrendsWorld Trends Demand Doubles, CO2 SkyrocketsDemand Doubles, CO2 Skyrockets

Page 54: The Moon  “Backwards”

Temperatures RiseTemperatures Rise

Page 55: The Moon  “Backwards”

We’re gonna need it!We’re gonna need it!

Page 56: The Moon  “Backwards”

The Old View of SpaceThe Old View of Space

OrbitalOrbital State-ownedState-owned Com / NavCom / Nav The “High The “High

Ground”Ground”

Page 57: The Moon  “Backwards”

The New View of SpaceThe New View of Space CIS-LunarCIS-Lunar CommercialCommercial The OceanThe Ocean New roles and New roles and

missionsmissions Energy Energy

SecuritySecurity Coast GuardCoast Guard Planetary Planetary

DefenseDefense LOC & LOC &

investment investment protectionprotection

Page 58: The Moon  “Backwards”

Questions?Questions?

Page 59: The Moon  “Backwards”
Page 60: The Moon  “Backwards”

Solar Power SatellitesSolar Power Satellites

"because of large scale operation of the system, "because of large scale operation of the system, delivered power costs are predicted delivered power costs are predicted to be competitive with coal or nuclear power plantsto be competitive with coal or nuclear power plants.  For example, if a $12.5 billion .  For example, if a $12.5 billion ($2,500 per kilowatt in 1981 dollars) system capable of ($2,500 per kilowatt in 1981 dollars) system capable of 5,000 megawatt output5,000 megawatt output were were purchased, it might cost around purchased, it might cost around $78 billion over 40 years to own and operate it$78 billion over 40 years to own and operate it ($12 ($12 billion in depreciation plus $21 billion interest at 12 percent, $33 billion earnings at 18 billion in depreciation plus $21 billion interest at 12 percent, $33 billion earnings at 18 percent, plus $12 billion in operating expenses, taxes, and other costs).  The station percent, plus $12 billion in operating expenses, taxes, and other costs).  The station would deliver.  Hence, the average cost of the power delivered is under five cents per would deliver.  Hence, the average cost of the power delivered is under five cents per kilowatt hour.  A comprehensive assessment of a kilowatt hour.  A comprehensive assessment of a 1.6 trillion kilowatt hours of power 1.6 trillion kilowatt hours of power over 40 years over 40 years representative space based energy system was conducted by the representative space based energy system was conducted by the Department of Energy from 1977 to 1981.  Their evaluation did not reveal any Department of Energy from 1977 to 1981.  Their evaluation did not reveal any technological barrierstechnological barriers....Finally, demonstration of cost attainability for key system ....Finally, demonstration of cost attainability for key system elements would be required prior to seeking funds for full scale implementation.  (High elements would be required prior to seeking funds for full scale implementation.  (High Frontier, pg. 34) Frontier, pg. 34)

Page 61: The Moon  “Backwards”