The The MoleMole

The Basic Chemical Unit

A Mole is :A Mole is :• A chemical quantity•A Mole of any substance is Chemically equivalent to a mole of any other substance

A Mole is :A Mole is :

Anything that has thesame number ofparticles as the numberof atoms in exactly 12.0 grams of Carbon-12.

Avogadro’s Avogadro’s NumberNumber

6.02 x 1023

Representative Representative ParticlesParticles

HOW TO

COUNT

ElementsElements

Atoms

Covalent Covalent CompoundsCompounds

Molecules

Ionic Ionic CompoundsCompounds

Formula Units

One Mole of :One Mole of :•Carbon = 6.02 x 1023

Carbon Atoms•Silicon = 6.02 x 1023

Silicon atoms

One Mole of :One Mole of :•CO2 = 6.02 x 1023 Carbon DiOxide

Molecules•HNO3 = 6.02 x 1023

Nitric Acid Molecules

One Mole of :One Mole of :•Platinum = _______

Platinum Atoms•Scandium = ______

Scandium atoms

One Mole of :One Mole of :•CaCO3 = _______ Calcium Carbonate molecules

•C12H22O11 = ______ Sugar molecules

Molar Molar MassMass

DefinationDefinationThe mass of onemole of asubstance.

One Mole of :One Mole of :•Carbon = 12.0 g•Silicon = 28.1 g•Barium = 137.3 g•Helium = 4.0 g

One Mole of :One Mole of :

Element = (molar mass) g

Compound = (mol mass) g

Substance = (mol mass) g

One Mole of :One Mole of :•Aluminum = ____ g•Arsenic = ____ g•Silver = _____ g•Xenon = _____ g

One Mole of :One Mole of :•CO2 = 44.0 g

•SO3 = 80.1 g

•BaSO4 = 233.4 g

•(NH4)3PO4 = 149.0 g

One Mole of :One Mole of :•CaCl2 = ____ g

•CoCO3 = ____ g

•Pb(NO3)2 = _____ g

•Al2(CO3)3 = _____ g

One Mole of :One Mole of :•CaCl2 = 111.1 g

•CoCO3 = 118.9 g

•Pb(NO3)2 = 331.2 g

•Al2(CO3)3 = 234.0 g

Molar Molar VolumeVolume

MolarMolar VolumeVolumeThe volume ofone mole ofgas @STP.

STPSTPStandard

Temperature and

Pressure

1 mole of gas @ STP1 mole of gas @ STP

22.4liters

Does notmatter whatthe gas is.

Converting between Moles Converting between Moles and Grams:and Grams:

• 1 mol = (molar mass) g

• Conversion factors:

• __ mol x

• ___ g x

gmol

gmassmolar___

)1()( =

molgmassmolar

mol___

)(

)1(=

Converting between Moles Converting between Moles and Grams:and Grams:

• 2.8 mol Ag = ? g Ag

• 2.8 mol x

• 57.9 g Mg = ? mol Mg

• 57.9 g x

gmol

g__

)1()9.107(

=

molg

mol___

)3.24(

)1(=

Converting between Moles Converting between Moles and Atoms:and Atoms:

• 2.8 mol Ag = ? atoms of Ag

2.8 mol x

• 57.9 g Mg = ? atoms Mg

57.9 g x

atomsmol

atomsx__

)1()1002.6( 23

=

atomsg

atomsx___

)3.24(

)1002.6( 23=

Convert 14.9 g HConvert 14.9 g H22O into moles

14.9 g x

= 0.828 mol

18.02 g H2O

1 mol

Convert 3.4 mol HConvert 3.4 mol H22O into grams

3.4 mol x 18.02 g H2O

1 mol

= 61.2 grams

Convert 25.1 g of COConvert 25.1 g of CO22 into moles:

•25.1 g x 1 mol CO2

44.01 g CO2

= 0.570 mol

Convert 35.8 g HConvert 35.8 g H22O into molecules:

35.8 g x

= 1.20x1024molecules

18.02 g H2O

6.02x1023molecules

Convert 0.191 moles Convert 0.191 moles of Clof Cl22 into molecules:

0.191 mol x

= 1.15x1023molecules

1 mol

6.02x1023molecules

Convert 2.88x10Convert 2.88x1024 24 molec-molec-ules of Clules of Cl22 into moles:

2.88x1024 molecules x

= 4.78 moles

1 mol

6.02x1023molecules

What is the mass of 15 What is the mass of 15 atoms of gold?atoms of gold?

15 atoms x6.02x1023 atoms

196.97 g

1 mole

1 moleX

What is the mass of 15 What is the mass of 15 atoms of gold?atoms of gold?

= 4.91 x 10-21 g