The Mobile ArchitectThe Mobile Architect

Morgan SkinnerMorgan Skinner

AgendaAgenda

Common Patterns and DesignsCommon Patterns and Designs Architecting Mobile ApplicationsArchitecting Mobile Applications

SynchronizationSynchronization Web ServicesWeb Services SQL CESQL CE MSMQMSMQ PerformancePerformance DeploymentDeployment

Common Patterns and Common Patterns and DesignsDesigns Document tested simple mechanismsDocument tested simple mechanisms Provide common terminology for Provide common terminology for

architects and developersarchitects and developers PromotePromote

Re-useRe-use FlexibilityFlexibility CohesionCohesion

Defining SOADefining SOA

Service-Oriented Architecture is an approach to Service-Oriented Architecture is an approach to organizing information technology in which data, organizing information technology in which data, logic, and infrastructure resources are accessed by logic, and infrastructure resources are accessed by routing messages between network interfacesrouting messages between network interfaces

Basic value proposition is to provide consistent, Basic value proposition is to provide consistent, stable interfaces in front of diverse or volatile stable interfaces in front of diverse or volatile implementationsimplementations Establish context for information exchange across Establish context for information exchange across

organizationsorganizations Encapsulate complexity within organizationsEncapsulate complexity within organizations Enable context-sensitive information processingEnable context-sensitive information processing

Microsoft’s Vision for SOAMicrosoft’s Vision for SOA

Service orientation will encapsulate and Service orientation will encapsulate and componentize processes and systemscomponentize processes and systems Help manage complexityHelp manage complexity Permit controlled changePermit controlled change Support continuous improvementSupport continuous improvement

Business capabilities and business processes will Business capabilities and business processes will be modeled as servicesbe modeled as services Organizations will expose touchpoints into these Organizations will expose touchpoints into these

processes to both internal and extra-organizational actorsprocesses to both internal and extra-organizational actors Allows automation of processes that have defied Allows automation of processes that have defied

automation until nowautomation until now

On the path to the Agile EnterpriseOn the path to the Agile Enterprise

Three Tier Three Tier PatternPattern

Business LayerBusiness Layer

Data Access LayerData Access Layer

Presentation LayerPresentation LayerOrder Entry Web Pages

Reporting Web Pages

Order Manageme

nt

Reporting Manageme

nt

User Manageme

nt

ADO.NETOrderData

Access

Reporting Data

Access

Service Orientated Service Orientated ArchitectureArchitecture

Business LayerBusiness Layer

Data Access LayerData Access Layer

Presentation LayerPresentation LayerOrder Entry Web Pages

Reporting Web Pages

Order Manageme

nt

Reporting Manageme

nt

User Manageme

nt

ADO.NETOrderData

Access

Reporting Data

Access

Service Interfaces

ServicesServices

Secu

rity

Mobile ArchitecturesMobile Architectures

Need to addressNeed to address CommunicationCommunication

From device to server or deviceFrom device to server or device

SecuritySecurity Are communications secure?Are communications secure? Is data secured?Is data secured?

PerformancePerformance DeploymentDeployment

All of the above can impact physical All of the above can impact physical and logical Designsand logical Designs

Server ApplicationsServer Applications

Supports large number of devicesSupports large number of devices Low cost deploymentLow cost deployment Centralized logicCentralized logic Online onlyOnline only Browser user interfaceBrowser user interface

ASP.NETASP.NET

Mobile Web Pages

HTML for Pocket IEHTML for Pocket IE

WML for WAP BrowsersWML for WAP Browsers

Client ApplicationsClient Applications

Targets a SmartclientTargets a Smartclient Deployment requiredDeployment required Can work disconnectedCan work disconnected Rich user interfaceRich user interface

ServerServerWeb Services

HTTP ChannelHTTP Channel

MSMQ

Online / OfflineOnline / Offline

Smartclient applications need to Smartclient applications need to support online / offlinesupport online / offline

Synchronization OptionsSynchronization Options One / Both waysOne / Both ways Application / Database levelApplication / Database level

SynchronizationSynchronization

Consider your applications requirementsConsider your applications requirements Both WaysBoth Ways

Multi-user updates of dataMulti-user updates of data Web ServicesWeb Services SQL CE ReplicationSQL CE Replication

One WayOne Way Mutually exclusive dataMutually exclusive data Web ServicesWeb Services MSMQMSMQ SQL CE Remote Data AccessSQL CE Remote Data Access SMSSMS

SynchronizationSynchronization

ApplicationApplication

User Interface

Application Logic

SQL Server CEDataData

SyncSyncApplication SyncApplication Sync Data SyncData Sync

High reuse of logicHigh reuse of logic

Slower synchronizationSlower synchronization

Fast synchronizationFast synchronization

Low level of logicLow level of logic

Data collisionsData collisions

Data Access LayerData Access Layer

Business LayerBusiness Layer

Web Web ServicesServices UIUI

ApplicationApplication

SyncSync

Detecting Online / Detecting Online / OfflineOffline

Web ServicesWeb Services SynchronousSynchronous

Good for small, quick packets of dataGood for small, quick packets of data Block the current threadBlock the current thread

AsynchronousAsynchronous Good for larger packets of dataGood for larger packets of data Callback when processing finishedCallback when processing finished Check for exceptions due to connectivity issuesCheck for exceptions due to connectivity issues

SecuritySecurity Recommended to use SSLRecommended to use SSL Digest or Clear Text authenticationDigest or Clear Text authentication Currently no support for WSECurrently no support for WSE Custom via SOAP headersCustom via SOAP headers

Web Services ConsiderationsWeb Services Considerations

Store and ForwardStore and Forward Web service requests cachedWeb service requests cached Executed when network availableExecuted when network available Variable re-try algorithmVariable re-try algorithm

Data CompressionData Compression GSM data costsGSM data costs Conserve bandwidthConserve bandwidth

Smart connected architectureSmart connected architecture

Custom WS ProxyCustom WS Proxy

Network Test

Store and Forward

SmartClient ApplicationSmartClient Application

Web ServiceWeb Service

StoreStore

AsynchronouAsynchronous Timed s Timed EventEvent

WebRequestCompleted

Order Service

Map Service

Data CompressionData Compression Server sideServer side

Windows 2003 ServerWindows 2003 Server Enable compression and gzip.dll via MMCEnable compression and gzip.dll via MMC Modify metabase adding asmx to Modify metabase adding asmx to

HcScriptFileExtensions for gzip and HcScriptFileExtensions for gzip and deflate compression filtersdeflate compression filters

Client sideClient side Need to override GetWebRequest and Need to override GetWebRequest and

GetWebResponseGetWebResponse .NET Compact Framework SP1.NET Compact Framework SP1

Client applications need some Client applications need some additional coding to be able to exploit. additional coding to be able to exploit.

Client Data CompressionClient Data Compression

public class GzipProxy : SoapHttpClientProtocolpublic class GzipProxy : SoapHttpClientProtocol{{

protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(System.Uri uri)protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(System.Uri uri){{

WebRequest req = base.GetWebRequest(uri);WebRequest req = base.GetWebRequest(uri);

req.Headers.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate");req.Headers.Add("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate");return req;return req;

}}

protected override WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest protected override WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest req)req){{

return new CompressedHttpWebResponse(req);return new CompressedHttpWebResponse(req);}}

}}

Web ServicesWeb Services Store and Forward Store and Forward

DataSetsDataSets

Supported by Web servicesSupported by Web services Typed DataSet unsupportedTyped DataSet unsupported Serializable to XMLSerializable to XML Missing Merge() and GetChanges()Missing Merge() and GetChanges() Manual synchronization requiredManual synchronization required

SQL Server CE 2.0SQL Server CE 2.0

Runs on Pocket PC 2000+Runs on Pocket PC 2000+ Smartphone version comingSmartphone version coming 1.5MB memory footprint1.5MB memory footprint Compact Framework SupportCompact Framework Support Authentication and EncryptionAuthentication and Encryption ConnectivityConnectivity

Remote Data Access - SQL7/2000Remote Data Access - SQL7/2000 Merge Synchronization – SQL2000Merge Synchronization – SQL2000

Database Feature SetDatabase Feature SetRich functionality for small footprintRich functionality for small footprint Multi-column indexesMulti-column indexes Referential integrityReferential integrity Sub-selects (IN)Sub-selects (IN) DefaultsDefaults Inner/outer joinsInner/outer joins One file databaseOne file database Null supportNull support Unicode supportUnicode support TransactionsTransactions

Data-typesData-types Real, Numeric, NVarChar, Real, Numeric, NVarChar,

NText, Image, Integer, NText, Image, Integer, DateTime, VarBinary, DateTime, VarBinary, UniqueIdentifier, MoneyUniqueIdentifier, Money

Having/group byHaving/group by Seek on indexSeek on index Set functionsSet functions Identity attributeIdentity attribute Local security - DB Local security - DB

encryption (128bit) and encryption (128bit) and database passworddatabase password

OLEDB CEOLEDB CE

CLR / .NET CFCLR / .NET CF

QP/Cursor Engine/ES QP/Cursor Engine/ES

CE Data AccessCE Data AccessStorage ArchitectureStorage Architecture

Client Client Agent: Agent:

ReplicationReplicationandandRDARDA

ADO ADO CE CE v3.1v3.1

OLEDB / OLEDB / Replication APIReplication API

IISIIS

CLIENTCLIENT SERVERSERVER

Storage Engine / Repl Storage Engine / Repl TrackingTracking

SQL CE Edition v2.0SQL CE Edition v2.0

eVB eVB 3.03.0 eVC eVC

3.03.0

OLEDBOLEDB

OLEDBOLEDB

Server Server Agent: Agent:

ReplicationReplicationandand

Remote Remote Data Data

AccessAccess

HTTPHTTP

XML/BizTalk/CS 2002XML/BizTalk/CS 2002

802.11b, 802.11b, CDPD, CDPD, GSM, GSM,

CDMA, CDMA, TDMA, etc.TDMA, etc.

Enterprise BackendEnterprise Backend

Oracle / db2 / etcOracle / db2 / etc

SQL Server SQL Server CE Data CE Data ProviderProvider

Native/UnmanagedNative/Unmanaged StackStack

Data ProviderData Provider

SQL Server SQL Server Client Data Client Data Provider Provider

ADO.NETADO.NET

VS .NET (VB.NET, C#)VS .NET (VB.NET, C#).NET CF / Managed.NET CF / Managed StackStack

TDSTDS

EthernetEthernet

Well Well ConnectedConnected

Occasionally Occasionally ConnectedConnected

Remote Data Access (RDA)Remote Data Access (RDA)

Remote Data Access (RDA)Remote Data Access (RDA)

Remote Data AccessRemote Data Access

Merge ReplicationMerge Replication

Based on SQL Server 2000 bi-Based on SQL Server 2000 bi-directional implementationdirectional implementation

Ideal for mobile useIdeal for mobile use Update data on client and/or serverUpdate data on client and/or server Merge and resolve conflict based on Merge and resolve conflict based on

server-side rulesserver-side rules Easy synchronization when connectedEasy synchronization when connected

Flexible data partitioning: vertical, Flexible data partitioning: vertical, horizontal, and dynamichorizontal, and dynamic

Anonymous pull subscriptionsAnonymous pull subscriptions Auto Ranged Identity SupportAuto Ranged Identity Support

SQL CE ReplicationSQL CE Replication

DataSet vs SQL CEDataSet vs SQL CE

DataSetDataSet SQL CESQL CE

Inbuilt to Compact FrameworkInbuilt to Compact Framework Need to deployNeed to deploy

Extra runtime RAM requirementExtra runtime RAM requirement

Limited filter capabilityLimited filter capability Rich ANSI SQL supportRich ANSI SQL support

Serializable to XMLSerializable to XML Persists on filesystemPersists on filesystem

Supports Web servicesSupports Web services Remote data access and Remote data access and synchronization over HTTPsynchronization over HTTP

Works with .NET RuntimeWorks with .NET Runtime Requires SQL ServerRequires SQL Server

Performance limited to smaller Performance limited to smaller datadata

Large databases up to 2GBLarge databases up to 2GB

No inbuilt securityNo inbuilt security 128-bit Encryption support128-bit Encryption support

Client Access LicensingClient Access Licensing

Microsoft Message QueueMicrosoft Message Queue

Message QueueMessage Queue

MSMQMSMQ

Implements asynchronous Implements asynchronous communicationscommunications

Provides guaranteed delivery, efficient Provides guaranteed delivery, efficient routing, priority based messaging.routing, priority based messaging.

Usernames storage support roamingUsernames storage support roaming NIC trackingNIC tracking Transparent, salvageable storageTransparent, salvageable storage Small footprint ~150KBSmall footprint ~150KB Support for private queues onlySupport for private queues only

Communication OptionsCommunication OptionsTransportTransport SummarySummary

Web ServicesWeb Services Internet ReadyInternet Ready

Industry standards / High level of interoperabilityIndustry standards / High level of interoperability

Highly extensibleHighly extensible

Application synchronizationApplication synchronization

SQL CESQL CE Internet ReadyInternet Ready

Designed for data manipulationDesigned for data manipulation

Synchronization EnabledSynchronization Enabled

Can communicate to SQL ServerCan communicate to SQL Server

SecureSecure

(Smartphone support coming)(Smartphone support coming)

MSMQMSMQ Guaranteed deliveryGuaranteed delivery

Extension of backend MSMQ systemsExtension of backend MSMQ systems

Network tracking built inNetwork tracking built in

(Managed support coming)(Managed support coming)

Other ConsiderationsOther Considerations

PerformancePerformance Raw ApplicationRaw Application Perceived ResponsePerceived Response Backend ServersBackend Servers

Security & DeploymentSecurity & Deployment See See Securing and Deploying your Mobile Securing and Deploying your Mobile

ApplicationApplication

Performance - WinFormsPerformance - WinForms

Load and cache Forms in the backgroundLoad and cache Forms in the background Populate data separate from Form.Show()Populate data separate from Form.Show()

Pre-populate data, orPre-populate data, or Load data async to Form.Show()Load data async to Form.Show()

Parent controls top-downParent controls top-down e.g. Form e.g. Form panels panels controls controls

Keep event handling code tightKeep event handling code tight Process bigger operations asynchronouslyProcess bigger operations asynchronously BlockingBlocking in event handlers will affect UI in event handlers will affect UI

responsivenessresponsiveness

Performance - XMLPerformance - XML Use XmlTextReader and XmlTextWriterUse XmlTextReader and XmlTextWriter

Smaller memory footprint than using Smaller memory footprint than using XmlDocumentXmlDocument

XmlTextReader is a pull model parser XmlTextReader is a pull model parser which only reads a “window” of the datawhich only reads a “window” of the data

Design XML schema first, then codeDesign XML schema first, then code Understand the structure of your XML Understand the structure of your XML

documentdocument Use elements to groupUse elements to group

Allows use of Skip() in XmlTextReaderAllows use of Skip() in XmlTextReader

Use attributes to reduce sizeUse attributes to reduce size

Performance - DataPerformance - Data

If data is local…instead of DataSet…If data is local…instead of DataSet… Leverage SQL CE native in-proc databaseLeverage SQL CE native in-proc database Query data using DataReaderQuery data using DataReader Use TableDirect command type for fast index searchesUse TableDirect command type for fast index searches

Equivalent to “Equivalent to “SELECT * FROM SELECT * FROM foofoo”” Limit open SqlCeCommand/DataReadersLimit open SqlCeCommand/DataReaders

Dispose when completeDispose when complete

If data is remote…If data is remote… Use SQL CE replicationUse SQL CE replication When using Web ServicesWhen using Web Services

Save data locally in SQL CE for faster access and storageSave data locally in SQL CE for faster access and storage Don’t save remote DataSets as XML to deviceDon’t save remote DataSets as XML to device

If you do, save Schema as wellIf you do, save Schema as well

Performance - ServerPerformance - Server

Aggregate multiple Web service calls Aggregate multiple Web service calls where possiblewhere possible

Stress test the server, find your limitsStress test the server, find your limits Implement stateless calls for web Implement stateless calls for web

farmsfarms For large user base, partition times For large user base, partition times

users can replicate SQL datausers can replicate SQL data

Deployment Deployment ConsiderationsConsiderations

InstallationInstallation CAB format for installationCAB format for installation

Desktop ActiveSyncDesktop ActiveSync Web page URLWeb page URL EmailEmail Service Indication / Service Loading MessagesService Indication / Service Loading Messages SD/CF CardSD/CF Card

What is user base?What is user base?

OngoingOngoing How to ensure users are running latest How to ensure users are running latest

versions?versions?

SummarySummary Store and Forward connectivity can help Store and Forward connectivity can help

connected/disconnected environmentconnected/disconnected environment Web ServicesWeb Services

StandardisedStandardised ExtensibleExtensible

SQL CESQL CE Designed for data manipulationDesigned for data manipulation SecureSecure

MSMQMSMQ Extension of backend MSMQ systemsExtension of backend MSMQ systems Guaranteed deliveryGuaranteed delivery

Design with performance in mindDesign with performance in mind

ResourcesResources

Patterns & PracticesPatterns & Practiceshttp://www.microsoft.com/resources/practices/http://www.microsoft.com/resources/practices/

.NET Compact Framework FAQ.NET Compact Framework FAQhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/prodtechinfo/devtools/netcf/FAQ/http://msdn.microsoft.com/mobility/prodtechinfo/devtools/netcf/FAQ/default.aspxdefault.aspx

SharpZipLib Compression Library (note licensing)SharpZipLib Compression Library (note licensing)http://http://www.icsharpcode.net/OpenSource/SharpZipLib/Default.aspxwww.icsharpcode.net/OpenSource/SharpZipLib/Default.aspx

IIS 6.0 HTTP CompressionIIS 6.0 HTTP Compression

http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/technet/phttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/technet/prodtechnol/windowsserver2003/maintain/operate/iis6perf.asprodtechnol/windowsserver2003/maintain/operate/iis6perf.asp

SQL CE and SQL 2000 sp3aSQL CE and SQL 2000 sp3ahttp://www.microsoft.com/sql/ce/downloads/sp3.asphttp://www.microsoft.com/sql/ce/downloads/sp3.asp

MSMQMSMQhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/01/12/MSMQCE/default.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/01/12/MSMQCE/default.aspx

© 2003-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.