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C C ALL TO ALL TO F F REEDOM REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1 Beginnings to The The Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise (1820) (1820) Addressed two issues: Addressed two issues: the expansion of slavery the expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave states the balance of free and slave states Conditions Conditions Maine enters the Union as a free state Maine enters the Union as a free state Missouri enters the Union as a slave Missouri enters the Union as a slave state state Slavery will be prohibited in new states Slavery will be prohibited in new states or territories north of 36 or territories north of 36 °30’ latitude °30’ latitude The Road to the Civil The Road to the Civil War War Building Tensions Building Tensions

The Missouri Compromise (1820) Addressed two issues:

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Page 1: The  Missouri Compromise (1820) Addressed two issues:

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

Beginnings to 1877The The Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise(1820)(1820)Addressed two issues:Addressed two issues: the expansion of slaverythe expansion of slavery the balance of free and slave statesthe balance of free and slave states ConditionsConditions

Maine enters the Union as a free stateMaine enters the Union as a free state Missouri enters the Union as a slave stateMissouri enters the Union as a slave state Slavery will be prohibited in new states or Slavery will be prohibited in new states or

territories north of 36territories north of 36°30’ latitude°30’ latitude

The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions

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Beginnings to 1877

Manifest Destiny and ExpansionManifest Destiny and Expansion1840s belief that Americans were destined 1840s belief that Americans were destined expand across the continent to the Pacific Oceanexpand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean

The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions

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Beginnings to 1877

Acquiring Oregon and TexasAcquiring Oregon and TexasTexasTexas Texas congress approved annexation and Texas congress approved annexation and

Texas became the 28Texas became the 28thth state in December state in December 1845.1845.

Oregon Oregon Britain and the United States signed a treaty Britain and the United States signed a treaty

in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49in 1846 dividing Oregon at the 49 thth parallel. parallel.

The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions

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The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession This land included the present day states of This land included the present day states of

California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included California, Nevada, and Utah. It also included most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of most of Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.Colorado and Wyoming.

Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase $10 million$10 million Included southern Arizona and New Mexico Included southern Arizona and New Mexico

The Road to the Civil WarThe Road to the Civil WarBuilding TensionsBuilding Tensions

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Beginnings to 1877

The New Territories and Slavery The New Territories and Slavery ExpansionExpansion Additional territories renewed the debate over Additional territories renewed the debate over

slavery expansionslavery expansion upset balance of free and slave statesupset balance of free and slave states

The Debate over SlaveryThe Debate over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

The New Territories and Slavery The New Territories and Slavery ExpansionExpansion

Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw Wilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican CessionStates by the Mexican Cession

Sectionalism – devotion to a region rather than Sectionalism – devotion to a region rather than the entire countrythe entire country

The Debate over SlaveryThe Debate over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

The Mexican War and Slavery ExpansionThe Mexican War and Slavery Expansion began push for popular sovereigntybegan push for popular sovereignty

popular sovereignty –allow voters in a particular popular sovereignty –allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit territory to decide whether to ban or permit slaveryslavery

The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Proposed by Henry Clay; supported by Daniel Proposed by Henry Clay; supported by Daniel

WebsterWebster

The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Conditions of the Compromise of 1850Conditions of the Compromise of 1850

California joins the Union as a free state.California joins the Union as a free state. New Mexico and Utah Territories will use New Mexico and Utah Territories will use

popular sovereignty to decide the status of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.slavery.

Stronger fugitive slave law passed.Stronger fugitive slave law passed. Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. Border dispute between New Mexico and Texas Border dispute between New Mexico and Texas

is resolved.is resolved.

The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Opposition to the Compromise of 1850Opposition to the Compromise of 1850

Allowing California to enter as a free state would Allowing California to enter as a free state would destroy the balance between the two sections of the destroy the balance between the two sections of the country.country.

California would be admitted unconditionally.California would be admitted unconditionally. Support for the Compromise of 1850 Support for the Compromise of 1850

Preserving the Union was more important than regional Preserving the Union was more important than regional differences.differences.

Slave labor was not necessary to the West’s economy.Slave labor was not necessary to the West’s economy.

The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery

(continued)(continued)

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Controversy in the North Controversy in the North over the over the Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act lacked trial by jurylacked trial by jury bribes were given to government officials for bribes were given to government officials for

supportsupport

The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery

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Beginnings to 1877

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Introduced by Stephen DouglasIntroduced by Stephen Douglas ConditionsConditions

Kansas & Nebraska Territories are createdKansas & Nebraska Territories are created 3636° 30’ discontinued° 30’ discontinued Kansas & Nebraska will use popular sovereignty Kansas & Nebraska will use popular sovereignty

to determine whether to be a free or a slave stateto determine whether to be a free or a slave state

protested in the North protested in the North received strong support in the Southreceived strong support in the South

Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas

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Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Territorial ElectionsTerritorial Elections 1000s of men crossed over from Missouri to vote1000s of men crossed over from Missouri to vote Pro-slavery forces won & passed strict pro-Pro-slavery forces won & passed strict pro-

slavery lawsslavery laws Anti-slavery Kansans formed their own Anti-slavery Kansans formed their own

governmentgovernment Pro-slavery forces attacked Lawrence, the anti-Pro-slavery forces attacked Lawrence, the anti-

slavery capitalslavery capital

Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas

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Beginnings to 1877

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas Pottawatomie Massacre (1856) Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)

John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansansslavery Kansans

Kansas collapsed into civil warKansas collapsed into civil war Approximately 200 people were killedApproximately 200 people were killed

Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas

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Beginnings to 1877

Raid on Harpers FerryRaid on Harpers Ferry Oct. 16, 1859Oct. 16, 1859 John Brown planned a raid on a federal arsenal at John Brown planned a raid on a federal arsenal at

Harper’s Ferry, VAHarper’s Ferry, VA Hoped to distribute weapons to slavesHoped to distribute weapons to slaves Slaves did not join revoltSlaves did not join revolt White Southerners attacked & killed some of the White Southerners attacked & killed some of the

raidersraiders John Brown captured & convicted of treason, John Brown captured & convicted of treason,

murder, & conspiracymurder, & conspiracy Hung Dec. 1859Hung Dec. 1859

The Effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

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. Political Divisions. Political Divisions

Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849Know-Nothing Party formed in 1849 Supported measures making it difficult for Supported measures making it difficult for

foreigners to become citizens and hold officeforeigners to become citizens and hold office

Republican Party formed in 1854Republican Party formed in 1854 Whigs, some Democrats, Free-Soilers, and Whigs, some Democrats, Free-Soilers, and

abolitionists who joined together to oppose the abolitionists who joined together to oppose the spread of slavery in the Westspread of slavery in the West

Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska ActEffect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

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Beginnings to 1877Dred ScottDred Scott

Dred Scott a slave who lived in free territory and Dred Scott a slave who lived in free territory and then returned to slave territory.then returned to slave territory.

sued for his freedom claiming he had become free sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when he lived in free territory. when he lived in free territory.

In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: African Americans were not U.S. citizens.African Americans were not U.S. citizens. The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was

unconstitutional.unconstitutional. Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any

federal territory.federal territory.

Political DivisionsPolitical Divisions

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Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on SlaveryDiffering Views on Slavery Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery and

supported the equal rights for slaves.supported the equal rights for slaves. Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did Stephen Douglas supported slavery and did

not feel the African Americans were equal.not feel the African Americans were equal.

Political DivisionsPolitical Divisions

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Beginnings to 1877

Reactions to John Brown’s RaidReactions to John Brown’s Raid Some mourned his death and regarded him as Some mourned his death and regarded him as

a hero.a hero. Others opposed his violence.Others opposed his violence. Southerners felt threatened.Southerners felt threatened. It raised the secession issue in the South.It raised the secession issue in the South.

SecessionSecession

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Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory in the Presidential Election of 1860in the Presidential Election of 1860 Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral votes in

the free states.the free states. The slave states split their electoral votes thus The slave states split their electoral votes thus

giving Lincoln the victory.giving Lincoln the victory.

SecessionSecession

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Beginnings to 1877

Reasons the Southern States Left the UnionReasons the Southern States Left the Union believed Lincoln would abolish slaverybelieved Lincoln would abolish slavery feared this action would destroy the South’s feared this action would destroy the South’s

economy and societyeconomy and society South Carolina seceded Dec. 1860South Carolina seceded Dec. 1860 Feb. 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Feb. 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,

Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas secededGeorgia, Louisiana, & Texas seceded Confederate States of America elected Confederate States of America elected

Jefferson Davis as presidentJefferson Davis as president

SecessionSecession