The Mirror Daily_ 19 March 2016 Newpapers.pdf

8/19/2019 The Mirror Daily_ 19 March 2016 Newpapers.pdf

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rwf 19? 2016rwf 19? 2016

ayusif; rwf 18ayusif; rwf 18

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5/40

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aiGacs;oufaocH vufrSwfrsm;vJvS,fa&mif;0,f&mwGif aiGaMu;

c0gcsrItm; Bud KwifumuG,fEk difrnf htqifhESpfqif h owfrSwfxm;NyD;

aiGacs;oufaocHvufrSwf ukrÜPDrsm;onf ta&mif;t0,faqmif&Gufrnf hpm&if;yd kif&Siftm; aiGaMu;c0gcsonf hudpöESif h oHo,jzpfzG,f&S dvQif aiGacs;oufaocHvufrSwfvkyfief;BuD;Muyfa&; aumfr&Sif½H k;ok d Y tcsdefrDowif;yd k Y&rnfjzpfaMumif;?aiGaMu;c0gcsonf h ta&mif;t0,f jyKvkyfaMumif; ppfaq;awG U&S dyguxk dta&mif;t0,f jyKvkyfjcif;ud kqk dif;iH hxm;&rnf jzpfaMumif;?aiGaMu;c0gcsrI wdkufzsufa&;udkxdxda&mufa&muf aqmif&GufEk dif&ef aiGacs;oufaocHvufrSwfukrÜPDrsm;? pawmhtdwfcsdef;ESif h

aumifwm aps;uGufwdk Yonfpm&if;ppfuJ hod k Y oD;jcm;tzG JUxm;&S dí pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnfjzpfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf h ñTefMum;csuftjynfhtpHkudk www.secm.gov.mm wGif 0ifa&mufavhvmEk difaMumif; owif;&&S donf/


aejynfawm rwf 18aejynfawmf rwf 18yJcl;wd kif;a'oBuD; jynfc½d kif yef;awmif;Nrd KUe,f aus;vufa'ozG H UNzd K;

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6/40

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oluawmh uRefawmfwd k Y&J UjrefrmEk difiHrS m odyÜ H enf;usopfawmtkyfcsKyfrIudk tkwfjrpfcsay;cJ hwJ hDietrich Brandis (aemiftcg Sir. bGJU&oGm;

cJ hygonf )yg/ *smrefvlrsKd;jzpfygw,f/ 1856 rS 1862 xd atmufjrefrmjynfrS m opfawmpDrHtkyfcsKyfrI wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f/ 1848 rS 1907 ckESpf txd opfawmeJ Yywfoufaom pmtkyfpmwrf;aygif; 260 ausmf a&;om;oG m;cJ hygw,f/ 1856ckESpf Zefe0g&DvukefrS rd k;pwifusonf h arvtxd awmxJrSm wm0efxrf;aqmif&efxGufcG mygawmh w,f/ olu opfawmrsm;xm0pOfwnfwHhap&eftwGuf rltaeeJ YtcsufoH k;csuf csrSwfvkyfaqmif ygw,f/

tJ'gawGuawmh-(1) opfawmu xkwfay;Ek difaom opfxGufEk difrI

xuf yd krckwf&efESif h obm0opfawmrsm;umuG,f&ef?

(2) opfawmu&&Sdaom0ifaiGudk opfawmtkyfcsKyfrIwGif jyefok H;NyD;aemuf tydkaiGrsm;&&S dap&efeJ Y

(3) opfawmtwGif;eJ Y opfawmywf0ef;usifüaexd kifMuaom yk*¾ d Kvfrsm;onf ol\taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;jzpfvmap&efwd kY jzpfygw,f/'DtajccHrl oH k;&yfudk avhvmMunf h&if ,aeY

ajymMum;aewJ h Sustainable Forest ManagementConcept yg0ifaewm awG U&ovd k tcsufeHygwf (3) t& Social Forestry qd kwmvnf; rusefcJ hygbl;/opfawmu&wJ h0ifaiGud kvnf; opfawmtkyfcsKyfrI twGuf t"duxm;ok H;ygw,f/

ol Y&J U jrefrmjynfopfawmrS m aqmif&GufrIumvajcmufESpf (1856-1862) twGif; uG ßef;awmBuD;rsm; ysufpD;ukefcef;roG m;atmif tm;usp&mumuG,fxm;cJhwmav;uawmh Dr. Brandis u

opfawmtkyfcsKyfrI tajccHrl tyd k'f(1) ygtwd kif;opfawmrsm;rysufpD;apbJ ESpfpOfxkwfvkyfay;Ek difaom opfxkxnfyrmPudk owfrSwfwGufcsuf NyD; tJ'DyrmPtwdkif; xkwfvkyfapcJhygw,f/od k Yaomfvnf; xd kacwfopfukefonfrsm;u uRef;opf ud k awmuESpfpOfxkwfay;Ek difwJh awmxGufyrmPxufyd kNyD; ckwf,lvdkygw,f/

&efukefNrd KUqd kwm 18 &mpk avmufwkef;u uRef;opfwifyd k Ya&mif;cswJ hNrd KUtaeeJ Y emrnfBuD;qdyfurf;Nrd KUwpfNrd KUjzpfygw,fwJh/ jrefrmjynf[m xd kpOfuqefwifyd k YrIud k rpwifEk difcJ hao;ygbl;/ ajym&&if qefpyg;vkyfief; rxGef;um;ao;ygbl;wJ h/ &efukefrS m&S dwJ h ukefonfawG[m olwd kY&J U uG ßef;opfwifyd k YwJh vkyfief;ud k jrefjrefBuD;yG m;zGH UNzd K;apvd kNyD; uG ßef;opf xkwfvkyfrIud k wefta&twGuf tuef Ytowfxm;

xkwfvkyfwmud k jyif;jyif;xefxef uef YuGufMuygw,f/ Dietrich. Brandis u opfawmtkyfcsKyfrI tyd k'f(1) ygtwd kif; opfawmrsm;rysufpD;apbJ ESpfpOfxkwfvkyfay;Ek difaom opfxkxnfyrmPud k owfrSwfwGufcsufNyD; tJ'DyrmPtwd kif;xkwfvkyf apcJ hvd k Y opfukefonfwd k Y&J U rvd krkef;xm;cHcJ h&ygw,f/ukefonfrsm;u aps;uGuf0if?a&mif;wrf;0if uG ßef;yiftm;vk H; ckwfa&mif;csifMuygw,f/

ukefonfrsm;&J U taMumif;jycsufuawmh xd kpOfu yifv,fa&aMumif;oG m;vma&;twGuf oabF m

awGud k uRef;opftok H;jyKwnfaqmufae&vd k Yom uRef;opf ursufESmyef;yGif h a&mif;yef;vSaewmyg/ aemiftcguRef;opfae&mrS m oHtpm;xd k;NyD; oabF maqmufvkyf vmcJ h&if uRef;opfqd kwm wpfcsdefu aps;uGuftwGif;uypönf;wpfrsKd;tjzpfeJ Yom usef&pfcJ hrS mygwJ h/ tJ'DtcgrS muRef;opfaps;avsmhusNyD; uGßef;awmawG[mvnf;wefzd k;r&S d jzpfoGm;rSmygwJh/ aemufqkH;awmh uRef;opfqd kwm[m aps;xJuaq;wpfrsKd;avmuf tjzpfomusefcJh NyD; wu,f htao;tzGJU udpö&yf av;wpfckjzpfoG m;r,fqd kwJ h oabmygyJ/ pmzwfol rsm;udk rl&if;pma&;ol&JU oabmxm;twdkif;od&S dcHpm;&atmif Sir. Dietrich. Brandis ud k,fwd kif t*Fvdyfvd k a&;xm;wmav;ud k azmfjyvd kufygw,f/ “It has already been mentioned that Rangoon (RangoonrS m ,ck&efukef - pma&;ol ) in those dayshad derived its importance mainly from the exportof Teak timber and the shipbuilding trade carried

on by means of the Teak timber brought fromthe forests. Teak at that time was the chief article

upon which the prosperity of that town depended,

for the export of rice, which since has given it amuch greater importance, had at that time hardly

begun. The merchants of Rangoon naturally

desired to see their business increase rapidly and

as soon as they realized that the system introduced

by me in 1856 would limit the quantity of Teak

brought to market they commenced a vigorousopposition against it. Personally, I made a pointof keeping on good terms with them and theytried hard to induce me to allow them to enterthe forests and to cut the whole of the marketable

trees. With much show of reason they contended

that ships built of teak would soon be a thing ofthe past, what iron would, in shipbuilding as well

as for all other purposes, replace the use of wood.

Within a few years, the demand for teak would

diminish, prices would fall, and in the end, teakwould be a drug in the market and the Teak forests

would be valueless.”

ukefonfrsm;[m &orQuRef;yifckwfa&mif;vd kwJ h tawG;tac:eJ Y Sir. Dietrich. Brandis xHud k csOf;uyfvmNyD;olwd k Ytqd kud k vufcHay;zd k Yajymygw,f/ opf awmqd kwm pD;yG m;a&;tjyif ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;twGufyg ta&;ygvSwJ hudpö&yfud kodwJ h Sir. Dietrich.Brandis u ukefonfrsm;&J UqEúd k rvd kufavsmcJ h ygbl;/

'Dawmhukefonfrsm;u Brandis &J U opfawmtkyfcsKyfrI t,ltq (opfawmuESpfpOfwd k;yG m;vmaom opfxkxnfxuf yd krckwfa&;t,ltq) [mrS m;,Gif;aMumif;ud k jrefrmjynfa&muf Oa&myEk difiHom;rsm;tMum;eJY omreftpdk;& trIxrf;rsm;tMum;0g'jzef YcJ hygw,f/ Sir. Dietrich. Brandis u tpd k;&

tay: opö m&S d&Sd wm0efodod wm0efxrf;aqmifcJ h aomfvnf; ukefonfrsm;&JU ajymqd kaqG;aEG;tBuHjyKcsuf[m aemufqufwG JtouftEÅ &m,fud kawmif taESmif ht,Sufay; tEÅ&m,fjyKcHcJ h&yk H&ygonf/

“These considerations, they maintained,

imperatively demanded the acceptance of their proposals. They appealed to my sense of dutytoward the Government which I was serving, tomy ambition and to my common sense, and they

pictured in the darkest colors the disastrous

consequences of a refusal to back their proposals.

And with justice they added that they, the

merchants, stood not alone in their views, butthat these views were shared by the majority ofthe public of ficers and European residents of the

province.”

Sir. Dietrich. Brandis wd k;yG m;vmwJ hopfyrmPxufyd kckwfzd k Y oabmrwlawmh yJcl;0ef&Sifawmfrif;BuD;Sir.Arthar PhayrexHud k csOf;uyfjyefa&m/ Sir. Phayrevnf; vufrcHavawmh tdEd ,́&S d tpd k;&tBuD;tuJ rsm;xH oG m;csOf;uyfjyefygw,f/ 'Dwkef;u jrefrmEk difiHutdEd ´,Ek difiH&J Utpdwftyd kif;wpfckjzpfvd k U tdEd ,́tpd k;&xHud k csOf;uyfMuwmyg/

tdEd ,́rS m&S dwJ h tpd k;&tBuD;tuJrsm;ud k opfukef onfrsm; rnfod kYrnfyk H csOf;uyfvd kufonfrod?]]uRef;awmawGud k opfukefonfawGtm;ckwf,lcGif hjyK

ap}}qd kwJ h trdef Yud k 1861 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvrS mtrdef Ycsvd kufygw,f/ ukefonfrsm;u uRef;yifrsm;ckwf,lapqdkwJhtrdefYudk &if0,fydkufNyD; &efukef jyefvmcJ hygw,f/ Sir. Dietrich. Brandis twGufuawmh wpfzufutxuftrdef Y? wpfzufuol Y&JU opfawmtkyfcsKyfrI tajccHrlrsm;aygh/ tJ'D ESpfckMum;rS m qk H;jzwfzd k Y jzpfvmygw,f/ 'gayr,f h uRef;awmawGtukefvk H;udk csufcsif;ckwfcGifhay;vdkufzd kY r[kwfwJ htwGufaMumif h enf;enf;cHomoG m;ygw,f/bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh Sir. Dietrich. Brandis u

oljrefrmjynfa&mufNyD; vGefcJ hwJ hig;ESpftwGif; opfawmtwGif;rSm Linear valuation surveys vkyfcJhvdkY b,fawmuuRef;yif opfvk H;opfzefyd kaumif;w,f?b,f awmunH hw,fqd kwm odxm;vd k YygyJ/ ajym&&if opfawmBuD;awGxJrS m uRef;yifyg0ifrI &mcd kifEIef;? uRef;yifBuD;xG m;rIEIef;ponfwd k Yud k a'otvd kuf olodxm;w,faygh/ aumif;wJ huRef;awmawGud k avmavmq,f tm;jzifh ukefonfawGud kckwfcGif hray;cJ hbJ opfawm

Xme&JU tkyfcsKyfrIatmufrS mxm;cJ hygw,f/ usefwJ h awmnHhudkom ukefonfawGudkzGifhay;cJhw,f/vkyfvd kufyk Hu trdef Yvnf;rzDqef? awmud kvnf;xdef;cJ hwJ hvkyfenf;ygyJ/

{&m0wDjrpf&J U taemufbufurf;u uRef;opf awmawG (awmnH h?awmajcmufawG)eJ Y rkwårteD;uawmawGudk oif;owfNyD;rS xkwf,l&r,fhenf;eJY opfxkwf,lcGifhay;cJhygw,f/ oif;owfw,fqdkwmuRef;yifatmufajcwpf0d kufud k&pfNyD; tESpfom;ay:wJ h txd wpfywfvnfckwfay;&wmud kajymwmyg/ oif;owfNyD; oH k;ESpfMum yifaxmifrwfwwftwd kif;xm;&ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdkvkyf&iftyif[mrwfwwfajcmufNyD;aooG m;ygw,f/ od kYaomfvnf; tyif[majrBuD;eJ Y xdraewJ htwGuf nDnmpG mopftom;aoapygw,f/ajcmufawmhayghyg;NyD; a&arQmxkwf,lEkdifvdkY

opfxkwfcvnf; oufomapygw,f/ 'Dvd kvkyfNyD;rS opfxkwfapwmudkvnf; usefEkdifiHjcm;om;awGu'g[m Brandis Theory &,fvd k Y ajymoHMum;&awmh Brandis u oY l Theory r[kwfaMumif;? a&S;uwnf;u jrefrmawGusifhok H;vmwmjzpfaMumif;? tvGef aumif;rGefaomtavhtusifhjzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;cJ hygw,f/ oif;owfNyD;rS xkwf,l&w,fqd k awmh oif;owfNyD;aemuf xkwf,la&mif;cszd k Y oH k;ESpf apmif h&OD;r,fav/ opfxkwf,lcGih fumvudkawmh tcsKdUawmawGudk oHk;ESpf? tcsKdUawmawGudk

ajcmufESpftxd xkwf,lcGif hjyKay;cJ hygw,f/ NyD;awmh oif;owfvkyfief;ud k opfawmXmeu wm0ef&S d olawGu vkyfay;&r,fqd kwmud kyg xnfhvd kufao;w,f/ ukefonfud kom oif;owfcGif hjyKvd kuf&if i,f wJhuRef;yifawGyg oif;owfNyD;ckwfvSJoGm;rSmud kwm;qD;Ek difatmifvd k Yyg/ wpfenf;tm;jzif h ukefonf awG vkyfcsifwdkif;vkyfr&atmif wm;qD;cJhwJh oabmyg/ od k Yaomfvnf; olxifwJ htwdkif;yJ ukef onfawGu pD;yG m;a&;tjrifavmufeJ Y ckwfvd kufMuwmtJ'DawmawG ukefygava&m/ awmfao;wmaygh/awmajcmuf? awmnHhawGyJ ckwfcGif hjyKvdkufcJ hrdvd kY/

tJ'DawmhrS Sir. Dietrich. Brandis uoufqd kif&mtmPmyd kifawGud k awG Uvm;qd kwJ h oabmeJYaxmufjyvdkufawmh usefwJhyJcl;½kd;ruRef;awmBuD; xdcd kufzdk Yudpöjzpfrvmawmhbl;aygh/ajym&&ifyJcl;½kd;ruRef;awmBuD;udk umuG,fEkdifcJh ygw,f/

“Subsequently a different view of the

question was taken by the Government; the

arrangements which had been made could not,however, be canceled. The mischief had beendone, but fortunately, it had been limited to theless valuable districts. The really valuable

forests, which in 1861 had been retained in thehands of the Government, had been saved, andthis made it possible to maintain a good system

of management. As regards those forests forwhich leases or permits had been granted, they

were resumed when the term expired, and someof the permits had to be canceled sooner,

because it was discovered that the agents of the

permit-holder had illicitly griddled Teak on avery large scale.”

'DtawGUtBuH KuaeNyD; jrefrmhopfawmrsm;ud k yk*¾vduopfxkwfvkyfief;tjzpf vkyfud kifcGif hay;oif hw,fqd kwJ h t,ltqrS m;ud k axmufjycJ hovd kvnf;jzpfcJ hygw,f/

'Dudpöav;ud k NcH Kik HokH;oyf&&if(1) Sir. Dietrich. Brandis &JU 1856 ckESpfu

tajccHrl[m ,aeYacwfpm;aewJ h SustainableForest Management (SFM) ud k xnf hoGif;pOf;pm;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D (SFM) jzpfatmif obm0uRef;awmrsm;ud k raysmufysufatmif xdef;Ek difzd k Yu ta&;BuD;aeygw,f/

(2) ,aeY oabF m(yifv,ful;oabF m)awG tm;vk H;opftpm; oHxnfawG 100 &mcd kifEIef;ok H;aeMuaomfvnf; uRef;opf&JUaps;EIef;[m yd krd kBuD;xG m; (uRef;opfaumif;qd kvQif vk H;wefwpfwefud k U.S $ 4000 – 5000 )vmvd k Y ukefonfwd k Y tajrmftjrifenf;yg;pG majymcJ hwJ h “Teak wouldsoon be a thing in the past ESih f teak would be a drug in the market” qd kwm r[kwfygvm;/'DtjzpftysufrS m ukefonfawG&JU p½kdufudk vnf;jrifomcJ hygw,f/

(3) onfvdkqdk&if udk,f hajrud k,fha&onf uRef;aygufzkd Y ywf0ef;usiftajccHaumif;awG &Sifoefwnf&Sdaeawmh 'Dywf0ef;usifaumif;(Surviving eco-system services) ud k rysufpD;apaom enf;vrf;rsm;rysufpD;apaom enf;vrf;rsm; uRef;pd kufcif;rsm;

atmifjrifatmifpd kufaomf wd kif;jynf\ t"du0ifaiGqufvufwnf&S dEk difygw,f/(4) 'ghtjyifynm&Sifbufu &yfwnfaxmufcHcJ hNyD;

ukefonfpum;em;ra,mifcJ hwJ h wpfenf;tm;jzif h uRef;yiftm;vk H;ckwfcGif hjyKzd k Y oabmrwlcJ hwJ h Sir. Arthor Phayer uJ hod k Y tkyfcsKyfa&;bufut&mxrf;? trIxrf;rsm;vnf; awG UcJ h&ygw,f/wdkif;jynfwnfaxmif&mrSm ynm&Sifrsm;&J Upum;[mta&;ygvSygw,f/

pmrsufESm 11 aumv 3 ok pmrsufESm 11 aumfvH 3 ok d Y » »» »


7/40

rw 19? 2016rwf 19? 2016

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8/40

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Toquero ud k 'kwd,tcsDwGif vnf;aumif; toD;oD;tEk dif&cJ hMuonf/owif;- ukou? mwyk - cifarmif0if;owif;- uk douf? "mwfyk H - cifarmif0if;


10/40

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The Mirror Daily_ 19 March 2016 Newpapers.pdf