15
The Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison Nishitani Alicia Nugent

The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

The Mind-Machine InterfaceComputers and the Wired Brain

Sasha KrolAllison Nishitani

Alicia Nugent

Page 2: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

• How does the brain work?• How can machines interface with the

brain?

Wikimedia Commons, Users: Jmarchn

Outline

Page 3: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

• Sasha: how machines communicate with the brain

• Allison: how the brain controls machines

• Alicia: how machines control the brain

Outline

Page 4: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Neurons make up the brain

Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Livet et al., Nature 450, 56-62 (2007)

Page 5: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Dendrites

Axon

Cell body

Neuron structure

National Insitute of Aging ww.nia.nih.gov

Page 6: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Membranes Store Charge Channels Pass Charge

Ions Carry Charge/Current

Neurons are like batteries

Page 7: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Chemical Gated Charge Gated

Channels regulate current acrossthe membrane

Outside of Neuron Inside of Neuron Outside of Neuron Inside of Neuron

Page 8: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

ClosedOpen

Neuron

Dendrites

Axon

Inside of NeuronOutside of Neuron

Page 9: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Can use electricity to activate neurons

Inside of NeuronOutside of Neuron

Page 10: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Wikimedia Commons, Users: Jmarchn

Machines can collect informationand transmit it to brain

Page 11: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

How the brain sees

Eye

Optic nerveBrain – Visual Area

Wikimedia Commons, User: Wiley

Page 12: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

The retina

Collects LightProcess Info

Retinitis PigmentosaMacular Degeneration

Rods and Cones

Wikimedia Commons, User: MesserWoland; Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852 - 1934)

Page 13: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Blind to sight

Zrenner et al. Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words. Proc Biol Sci (2011) vol. 278 (1711) pp. 1489-97

Page 14: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Retina implant

Zrenner et al. Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words. Proc Biol Sci (2011) vol. 278 (1711) pp. 1489-97

Chip

Page 15: The Mind-Machine Interface - Science in the Newssitn.hms.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/mindm-1.pdfThe Mind-Machine Interface Computers and the Wired Brain Sasha Krol Allison

Summary

• Neurons receive chemical signals at their dendrites

• This triggers a cascade of channel openings, sending an electrical signal down their axon

• Machines can trigger neuron signaling and record neuron activity