THE MILITARY TECHNOLOGY OF CLASSICAL ISLAM

VOLUME III

David Nicolle

Thesis presented to the University of Edinburgh for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

1982

8

o= r ý_

4

czz:: =

.1

TO

12

I. ý .. ., .. .. .. 0.

4

/ 23

27

43

45

"

53B

0

58A

58B

! &Rlsl I 151,

58D

58C

40 G20

0

E

f

ME

70

72

76

A

77

75

78

80

81

0

I 1

93

94 1 95

_

ýý

/

1ý=1 4'14

ý ýý

98

99

103

102

yyv

104

5 108

ý

109

107

J

q ý

O r It

ý ----ý

-ý- T

4E

113

CO1" ! I; f 01

114

r

112 (Detail)

0

", "

1 115

ý 116A

ýl

1168

N

r

v 122

ý ýý

126

f

127

`--': ý 130

128B

\"

Fd ý (kl

; ýk'"

138

/fyA b d AýO

ý U,

ý /ývý

ýýýý ýC4ý, -ý \ ti

lw. t _/

ýý

v=iýý rý

0 MO RiI M

« ýýý_ ý. l=t (CSý ý

ý

139

142

ii iý i' iý ýi ýý ii i' ýý ýý II

11 II 11 II II I II II 1 11 II

I

144 (Simplifi¢d) 0

149

148

146

Isi

ýý

152

0

I56

158

/--- ý_ý_

I60

165

164

t

167A

11

ýý

ý 6___----

v

ý L--

-r'1

ýL

(Continued)

167 E

167 H

167 D

0

167 C

I67J

167 1

168

ý

L

,1 !5 169

Cý1Y

171

ý

177A

177B

ýCoiºtinued)

177G

v

178 A

180

I

i

185

181

, -, ) 183

ýý

188

186

187

189

=nj

'A

LI-C1-1

I

ý'

§CI ýi

u i ilý

a rr ý. ý, ýý , fCTI\i7lr , 'M

rC\ \ 11L-Z, ýv ý

`ý MUM

; ýý ýýý ýý

(ý ý ýý

O 0

190 A

ß

0 0

0

0

o°

IVýýý i ýi

k

®ý', sý®

ýVI ýý . Cl ý ý^_ . ýý°ý ý

ý1 fd

výý

\1

is

rY rti,

ýým -mai

xzno loý-

flr- o

LiL

! ý\Iý'Ký P'm )I9OB'?

t ýý /lam 117

ýý ý I . -4"-t niai"A ii ) 1-

ý- ýý ýý ýý Q

p

\ý

192

ýi

E) z Aj

l 1J /1 r (If D.. b-r "v-Iy

tlt-, ý,

4ýý :: -'r-'i 71 rýýý-c i II V-/-\, %i "Y' co. 7 ! -(Jý: kl1FI ý''�'ý-

Cý

Roe(ýv "r\�ý/y

(ý /ý AI

%W 194

ýý ýýý n

193

V

191

, ýr llýZ

ýý, c

190 C

G` ,

J, ....

196 B

t

V 196D

J

'ý r

202A

'208

2026

206

0

205

tý, -

ý tji fl .t

,. N

226 227

237A 237B

238

a

R ý"7ý

439M :: LUwmm1Frmmmi li1! '771T11HYllY ,ý

Ymllh44{dül1[ý w«U=u IL'ill: C! f111PfN i; iiiýnn

Eýl a k; ý. A Fý; PPM =17-71710", A2=37i1MkINY F-94yk 41 ýý

,,. D

E

' l'i" W'1 IIiYtC'IM

OK

/TIN fýA

R; -ý

ý

1)

I& Mimm m

239

4

C

ý t C 1.

ý

6 .

240A

Q C

c [ C.

C C

D 0

[I

ý

a; -; p Q

240B

N

AOWýN tGAG9fý

RM tUCý rYiý'ý Pw, j

nitllTli, ýýJ ýi

u11IlTTfTTTDI UIMI=i , Mmftm hm=

241A

RM k ktý eýýý n ýa: i rml ", &I,

ý : njpV Zýý

N.., _

Liý

ý: I/ ý ý..

ýý -ý. << Iý

ý, ' (,

ý tc

. f//`-(_

<< ..

ý .ý 0

f 41C

-ý ýý

I.

I'j V

255

,ý

256

11

260

ýýI-ýj ý ^ý

rý `-'/ ý

(IN ýý L-

ýý

254

ý ..,

A`clý Atmrnmn m ffimýý

2

ý�ý-''Yý

f-"l M lJ1

L-ýJ

58

261

264

266

267A 267C

ý_

269

268

qelý* 7ý71

ýýý '* ý

** ýK ý

270

V

273

el

275 B

275E

., ý �� ����''I

11- 1II

27S D

276A

275C

275A

275F

P-76 B

r

289

.f 1%

292 F

ýý ýý 6

294C

, g` =3

300 (Continued)

300

303

1' Siaup

. ýý;

309

308

313

317

316

m m

326

327

Az -ý A. &

330C

0

ooffwAWkfR'. MMM 1l, EN==

fillAsb__ ý

L; ME M-N r- Ts IN m -vý; ý iiii &k

. 1ilww M93B-8

m ?rý`Q e

330B

Or

o0 00

000 0

ý-{ ý- ýý

ý---ý

a ý-:. r=cý'.

ýv

94 6 lt" -"

,,. - W�iJ

FVZManhN

/�49ýLd\ C) > ýý

-A ýý M

376

371

377

388 A

388G

388C

389

390

391

2ý;

394

399

402

422D

422B

422F (Cpntinu¢d)

-ýi .

422 1

422G

422J

422L

1

422M (D

422S

422R

422N

422 T

4220

422X

422 0

ý

0

422H

425

ý

S

447

448 449

0 00

00 0

ýJ

uu4ýý r

460 CBock/

ýý ýýý

Ralm'. 0m4`: AZ-m T-AAucL&, c u VAUIJD, ý

i

ýý

4 leftvO 1/1, ý7( ý' / oa IL, ý/ CA

, ýrrý"7'6 ý n-ýýtº' tiý; T, ý-'at"- fRL1ü(_R IIII

WIffTfl fiýfl Yl" YiYM# I//ill

mi11r"'''`1'

llpai

VIMM X. E. ýýýýý

FOR

OIMý mr 9MIM.

FCL "J. J ") )1"/ 1 ! 1"ý ýI

468

463

466

469

470

475

476

ýý ý

1111? YII%V I111

11717 IM m LLL

I11/i_ý ll 17, C t, I

TC)

NHA 478

I 'ý

Výý

479

1 482

dý ý

rMaj IWWý L--j

ý UR e!:: ý

480

`lffil

481

491

486

tý

I

494

495

499

ý we-Pmffc: 94REý ýx xxk xxxn

X) k

Ililll/ \

_ rý ýý11.

XXhý

O1xIIxIIxIIxI1ý /ý xhý

/Jxh ýý ýýý

500

p

498

501

. 503

507E

/ply 508

0 509

507F

S12

513

5,5

r

ý

U º 516

<Zc*

531 M

S31 H

cta- 531 1

I C>. MIN

a 531 K

531 L

I

4

544 A

S41

v

544B

544 F

-''. &iJamrnflrfl

ý ý

545H (Continued)

H m

R

D

I Q

551 B

r

555

9 ýý ý° Vý

558

556

559

561'

L`

563 564A

ýýýýýý 564B

565

568

566

569

567

S71 572

S74

573

577A

.

I

f

580A

' ýý

-, ý. ̂

584

K n

ý,

586

588

583

587

tiý

596

603C

ýý : e` , ý, e.. ý 19A.. ýA

M`P--Lý lVV1 K-T. j- L-,. "

14--9 -, m

603A

602

0 603D

ý.:,. _

(Continued)

604 N

t N-, F

ýýýýý

605

608 8 608C

6091

V

610A

'4

(Continued)

r

610 1

9 I m GQ; Q

1.

619

620

I

621

v

625

626 627

630

632

628

631

I

635

636A

637B

637A

637C

639 D

6398

640

., t, ý

tiýý

641

Orm 2ýtTm n7ym

NZ Lly'

0

0

642A

642B

t

647

iý.

650A 6508

649

rf

651

ý,.

epc9--

653 v

6 ý ýýý i- ýýý

654

G/__ -' 655A -. ý ý ýý '

n . ýý

6558

656

i

C=-

657

-6--w

V . 658

659

V 662

660

Muzzle

Curb

Without Noseband

663

664

Curb-crossbar

Rigid Noseband

r

ý-. ̀-'i Angled

4ý

* A

9 T

ý Full curve

Slight curve

Curved

Straight

Curved

P Bulbous

Tapering

4ý

Knobbed

Fluted

ý' Long

Winged

668

4

Animal

Square

665

Reverse curve

Rounded

ýý F

`/ `+ D

ýG

666

E

Long

r

Flayed

llr Simple

667

V Round

J1 Bar

boval

U Square

Bulbous

CýP Angled

669

Cruciform

Diamond

Triangular

i

1%

LA

OB

Oc

OD'

Q Egg

Q Round

11 Hazel

Square

R Angled

i

OF QG

QH 670

9 Nut

Ol CJ M ýJ (Sida) QN (ý] KüO (Side)

ýL (Side) SP (Side)

II Ring

Floriated 9 Bun

Diamond Trefoil

Extended w Bar

671

Straight non-tapering

Straight tapering

Straight non-tapering flared

ýý

Single curved edge

Curved non-tapering

Curved tapering

Leaf shaped

Expanding

Sickle 672

ýA

'ý B

ýC

D

ýE

-ý F

ýG

, ==- I

_J

-ý M

v

9 Almond

ýD " c: p, io

B qf) i. CV

DL

aE ýM Eý3 FN

", t, zn, - N

ý, O

4P

ýQ

ýR

ýS

ýG ýý

ýH

ýý' "`ýýý .

673

ý

ý

ý

'ý

-55EEýD

T

u

v wý x Y

Z.

674

67S

676

I

679

680