The Mexican Mural Renaissance and the United States

Helen Delpar, Ch.4 “The Mexican Helen Delpar, Ch.4 “The Mexican Art Invasion” Art Invasion”

Guadalajara, Restoration in 2002 of a 1923 Mural

Jose Vasconcelos

Orozco, Materinity, 1922-23

Rivera, Creation, 1922-23

Orozco, The Farewell, 1922-23

Orozco, The Trench, 1922-23

Orozco, The Family, 1922-23

Secretaria de Educacion Publica

Secretaria de Educacion Publica

Secretaria de Educacion Publica

Secretaria de Educacion Publica

Rivera, The Arsenal, 1923-26

Rivera, US Bankers Control Mexico, 1923-26

Rivera, Chapingo

Rivera, Chapel at Chapingo, 1926-27

Chapingo

Chapingo (Modotti)

Cortes Palace, Conquest, 1929-30

Rivera, Colonial Mexico

Rivera, Zapata,

Rivera, National Palace, 1929-32

Rivera, National Palace, 1929-32

Rivera, National Palace, 1929-32

Interpretations of the Mural Rennaissance Anita Brenner in Anita Brenner in Idols behind AltarsIdols behind Altars (1929) (1929) Leonard Folgarait, in Leonard Folgarait, in Mural Painting and Mural Painting and

Social Revolution in Mexico, 1920-40Social Revolution in Mexico, 1920-40 Jean Charlot, in Jean Charlot, in The Mexican Mural The Mexican Mural

Renaissance: 1920-1925Renaissance: 1920-1925, , Desmond Rochfort, Desmond Rochfort, Mexican MuralismMexican Muralism

,

Factors in the growth of the Muralist movementI) Existing traditions of “history painting” and muralism I) Existing traditions of “history painting” and muralism Stacie Stacie

Widdifield, The Embodiment of the National in Late 19Widdifield, The Embodiment of the National in Late 19 thth C C Mexican painting, (1996)Mexican painting, (1996)

2) Mexico’s Academic tradition 2) Mexico’s Academic tradition 3) The Revolution 3) The Revolution Adolfo Best-MaugardAdolfo Best-MaugardGerardo Murillo (Dr. Atl = Dr Water)Gerardo Murillo (Dr. Atl = Dr Water)Las Artes Populares de MexicoLas Artes Populares de Mexico (1922) (1922)4) Cosmopolitanism4) CosmopolitanismDiego RiveraDiego RiveraRoberto MontenegroRoberto Montenegro 5) US Market 5) US Market 6) Competition among the muralists6) Competition among the muralists

Rivera in New York, 1932

Thomas Hart Benson

““I saw in the Mexican effort a profound and I saw in the Mexican effort a profound and much-needed redirection of art towards its ancient much-needed redirection of art towards its ancient humanistic foundations. The Mexican concern humanistic foundations. The Mexican concern with publicly significant meanings and with the with publicly significant meanings and with the pageant of Mexican national life corresponded pageant of Mexican national life corresponded perfectly with what I had in mind for art in the perfectly with what I had in mind for art in the United States. I also looked with envy on the United States. I also looked with envy on the opportunities given Mexican painters for public opportunities given Mexican painters for public mural work.”mural work.”

US PromotersRivera was promoted by Anita Brenner, Frances Toor and Walter Pach Orozco by Alma Reed.

David Siqueiros, Carved door, Casa Tezontle, Guadalajara, 1927

Rivera, The making of a Fresco, 1931

Rivera, Allegory of California, Pacific Stock Exchange, 1931

Diego Rivera in San Francisco

Anthony W Lee, Anthony W Lee, Painting on the Left Diego Painting on the Left Diego Rivera, Radical Politics, and San Rivera, Radical Politics, and San Francisco's Public MuralsFrancisco's Public Murals

Rivera, Detroit Institute of Art and Design, 1933

Rivera, Detroit Institute of Art and Design, 1933

Rivera in DetroitLaurance P.Hurlburt, The Mexican Muralists in the U SLinda Banks Downs, The Detroit Industry Murals (1999)

Rivera, Man at the Crossroads

Orozco at Dartmouth CollegeJacquelynn Baas, “The Epic of American Civilization” Renato Gonzalez Mello & Diane Miliotes, eds., Jose Clemente Orozco in the United States, 1927-1934pp.142-185

Orozco, Social Revolution, Orizaba Industrial School, 1926

Orozco, The Coming of Quetzalcoatl, 1932

Orozco, The Departure of Quetzalcoatl, 1932

Orozco, Cortes and the Cross, 1932

Orozco, Anglo America, 1932

Orozco, Hispano America, 1932

Orozco, Gods of the Modern World, 1932

Orozco, Modern Human Sacrifice, 1932

Orozco, Modern Migration of the Spirit, 1932