The MCB’s 6 Step Guide to Eco-Friendly Mosques

The MCB’s 6 Step Guide to Eco-Friendly Mosques
London, United Kingdom. PO Box 57330, E1 2WJ, UK
T: +44 (0) 845 26 26 786 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mcb.org.uk Twitter: @MuslimCouncil
Published 2021
Contents
Reducing Waste 10
Additonal Resources
Summary
1. Understanding Climate Change A basic understanding on key environmental concepts, including: what is climate change, the greenhouse effect, deforestation and their impact on the environment. Taking learning from the Quran and Sunnah on the importance of looking after the environment in Islam.
2. Learning the Benefits of Nature Learn about the benefits of nature and the importance of wildlife; setting up cycling, walking and gardening clubs to create green spaces in and around your Mosque.
3. Reducing Waste Learn how Mosques can reduce wastage of water, food and other items to benefit the environment. The importance of reducing waste and how important this is in Islam.
4. Recycling Matters Learn about the importance of recycling at home and at the Mosque with information on different items, how they can be recycled, or disposed of safely.
5. Utilising Alternative Energy Sources Learn how Mosques can benefit from changing to alternative energy sources and how this can protect the environment. This section will share some details of the different forms of alternative energy available to Mosques.
MAKE YOUR GREEN PLEDGE Make a 10-point pledge at your Mosque
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Make the 10-point list of environmental pledges for your Mosque
Mosques should consider making MCB’s 10-point environmental pledges, designed to help Mosques devise a plan on how to take small, but impactful, steps to protect the environment.
Make the 10-point list of environmental pledges for your home
Individuals should consider making MCB’s 10-point environmental pledges for your home, designed to help you take small, but impactful, steps to protect the environment.
Follow MCB’s 6 step guide to better sustainable solutions
5 MCB Eco Mosque Guide 2021
1. Understanding Climate Change “Do not pollute the Earth after it has been so wholesomely set in order”.
(Quran 7:56)
Understand the challenges of climate change
The UN Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) was launched at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Summit brought together 178 governments and 2400 NGO representatives to rethink the direction of economic, social and environmental activities impacting on people and our planet. Since 2005, it has included the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty which sets binding obligations on industrialised countries (including the UK) to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
Since 1995, all the countries who are signatories to the UNFCCC – also known as the Conference of Parties (COP) - have met annually to seek long-term solutions for a low-carbon and climate-resilient future. In 2012, 20 years after the Earth Summit, world leaders met again in Rio for the UN Conference on Sustainable Development.
What is climate change?
Climate change is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Climate change can be a natural process where temperature, rainfall, wind and other elements vary over decades or more. During the course of human history, our world has been warmer and colder than it is now. At this time, however, we are experiencing unprecedented rapid warming from human activities, primarily due to burning fossil fuels that generate greenhouse gas emissions. (For more information, see ‘Additional Resources’ pg. 30)
What is global warming and why does it happen?
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides. In the last century or so, humans have been interfering with the planet’s energy balance, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The level of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere has been rising consistently for decades, for example, and traps extra heat near the Earth’s surface, which, in turn, causes average temperatures to rise. The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth’s surface by greenhouse gases. (For more information, see ‘Additional Resources’ pg. 30)
What do we learn from the Quran and Sunnah about the importance of looking after the environment?
In the Qur’an, Muslims are instructed to look after the environment and not to damage it. Muslims have to look after the Earth because it is all Allah’s creation and it is part of a human’s duty to Allah: “Indeed, your Lord is Allah who created the heavens and the earth in six days and then established himself above the throne. He covers the night with the day, [another night] chasing it rapidly; and [He created] the sun, moon, and the stars, subjected by His command. Unquestionably, His is the creation and the command; blessed is Allah, Lord of the worlds”. (Qur’an 7:54)
Eat and drink but do not be excessive for God does not love those who are excessive (in what they do)” (Quran 7:31)
The above two verses emphasise the importance of the creation of Earth, for us to look after the Earth and to not eat or drink in excess. We are also told to not be wasteful. We have great examples from the Quran and Sunnah about looking after the environment and we should do our utmost to do so.
What is deforestation?
Deforestation is the clearing of trees/forests, transforming a wooded area into cleared land. The loss of trees and other plants and forests can cause climate change, desertification (creation of drylands), soil erosion (changes to the soil leading to pollution and loss of fertile land), fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for indigenous people. (For more information, see ‘Additional Resources’ pg. 30)
The diet of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
Examples from the life of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
The Prophet (PBUH) said: “The son of Adam does not fill any vessel worse than his stomach. It is sufficient for the son of Adam to eat a few morsels to keep him alive. If he must fill it, then one-third for his food, one-third for his drink, and one-third for air.” (At-Tirmidhi)
The prophet (PBUH) did not eat meat on a daily basis. This was also the case of the companions of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Anas (RA) reported that a person invited Allah’s Messenger (PBUH) to a meal. “I also went along with him. He brought soup containing pumpkin. Allah’s messenger (PBUH) ate that pumpkin with relish.” (Muslim)
As Muslims it is sunnah for us to incorporate the eating habits of the Prophet (PBUH) into our daily lives. For some, this may prove a complete lifestyle change, but, ultimately, our reward may be increased by simply trying to have a more balanced diet. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) did not waste food or drink. The Prophet (PBUH) also encouraged cleanliness and had said cleanliness is half of your faith - yet more great examples set by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
What can Mosques do?
• Deliver a Khutbah on looking after the environment using the MCB template – see here
• Arrange workshops/events on climate change and the importance of sustainable living for your congregation
• Consider an environmental notice board at your Mosque to raise awareness and provide updates on Mosque-run eco-projects; draw from the Quran and Sunnah to create materials
2. Learning the Benefits of Nature Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘There is none among the believers who plants a tree, or sows a seed, and then a bird, or a person, or an
animal eats of it, but it is counted as charity for them” (Bukhari)
The benefits of planting trees
Trees are an important part of nature and play an important role in storing carbon and as a result can lead to a reduction in the carbon dioxide (can be a harmful gas if gathers in the atmosphere) levels in the atmosphere and as a result reduce the greenhouse gas effect and have a positive impact against the consequences of climate change.
The more trees that are planted the better it will be for the environment. For Muslims the planting of trees will not only help the environment but can be a source of charity. Looking after animals is also a good act for Muslims which carries immense reward. Tree-planting schemes can help with planting more trees and gaining a great reward.
Cultivating green spaces on Mosque premises
All Mosques should consider having a garden or green spaces on their premises if they don’t have one at present. If you do have a garden, consider planting trees, plants and flowers suited to your local area to reduce your carbon footprint. Growing some fruits and vegetables on-site is also a useful practice. Even a small green space can transform a space, prove useful to the local environment. School children, or children attending the Mosque, can plant trees or plants and can plan on how to look after these green spaces.
Benefits of bee-keeping
The 16th chapter of the Quran is named An Nahl (The Bee). This is a chapter of the Quran named after Bees with mention of them in the Quran. Bees are important for pollination of plants and helps maintain plant life. Mosques can have bee hives on their premises which can be good for the environment.
Gardening clubs
These can be set up at Mosques to encourage the local community to help with gardening at the Mosque and look after the Mosque garden. The club members can help with watering plants, growing vegetables and fruit and laying out flowers which provides benefit to the community and the environment.
The more trees that are planted the better it will be for the environment. For Muslims the planting of trees will not only help the environment but can be a source of charity. Looking after animals is also a good act for Muslims which carries immense reward. Tree-planting schemes can help with planting more trees and gaining a great reward.
Cycling
Cycling can help with improving physical health and is a good form of exercise. Along with physical benefits to your health cycling can also be beneficial to the environment. Cycling to the Mosque can lead to less pollution by not using your car and no vehicle emissions as a result. Mosques should consider installing bike stands to make it easy for attendees to safely lock their bikes when at the Mosque. Cycling clubs can encourage people to cycle as well and should be
considered by Mosques.
• Set up a gardening club at the Mosque and designate a small area to use for cultivating greenery. Encourage the local community to get involved.
• Purchase bike stands for the Mosque and encourage local congregants to cycle to the Mosque, and/or set up a cycling club for the community
• Set up walking clubs at the Mosque and encourage local congregation to walk to the Mosque
• Plant greenery at the Mosque or encourage students to get involved locally in growing plants
• Consider having a bee hive at your Mosque
3. Reducing Waste “But waste not by excess: for Allah loveth not the wasters.”
(Surah al-An’am, 6:141)
It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would perform wudu (ablution) with one mudd, or half of a kilogram, and would perform a ritual bath with one sa’, or two kilograms or up to five mudd.
It is reported that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) passed by Sa’d (RA) while he was performing ablution. The Prophet (PBUH) said, “What is this extravagance?” Sa’d said, “Is there extravagance with water in ablution?” The Prophet said, “Yes, even if you were on the banks of a flowing river.”
We learn from the above examples of the life of the greatest person to have ever lived on how little water he used when bathing and doing wudu and his advice even if you are on a river bank.
Reduce wastage of water when drinking water or using the toilet
Only use as much water as is needed. Mosques should limit use of single-use plastics such as those used to make water bottles, and instead encourage use of reusable water bottles. Plastic from water bottles can lead to pollution when disposed, whilst the production of plastic water bottles can increase the carbon footprint, so consider using tap water or installing water dispenser machines instead. Water can also be saved by installing sensor dependent taps in wudu areas at the Mosque. This is a great way to prevent people leaving taps running when doing wudu, for example. Water wastage can be reduced by efficient toilet water systems such as a dual flush system, which save water by offering two different toilet flush volumes. Some older toilets can use about 14 litres of water per flush, whilst the dual flush systems can reduce this to 2.6-6 litres per flush.
Collect rain water for gardening
Rain water can now be collected and stored at the Mosque and used for gardening purposes at the Mosque and help reduce the wastage of water. This will avoid having to use fresh drinking water for watering plants. This can also be done at home. There are different ways to collect and store water and this can help reduce your water bills. Look at systems in wudu areas where water used can be collected and used for watering plants.
The Impact of wasting food
1.3 billion tonnes is the amount of food that is wasted globally each year. Producing food requires significant resources including land, energy and water. Globally, 25–30% of total food produced is lost or wasted, and food waste is estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to contribute
8-10% of total man-made greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Reduce wastage of food at the Mosque during events
Only buy or order the amount of food you need and any food left over can be distributed to support the needy or homeless in the community. Avoid wasting of food. Throw away less food and look at ways of reducing the need to throw away food. This could include purchasing less fruit and vegetables so used in date and purchase more frequently if needed. Store new food items behind older food items so food items are not wasted or go out of date. Also look at using containers that are airtight or freeze the items. Encourage the local community to reduce wastage of food and lead by example as above. Cook enough food as is needed and any left over at home share with neighbours if extra food is produced but encourage regular cooking of enough food rather than excessive amounts.
Save electricity
Do not waste electricity and switch off lights when rooms are not in use. Pull back blinds or curtains to ensure more natural daylight can enter reducing the need for switching on lights. If having new building work, Mosques should look at ways of having buildings more eco-friendly with more natural light entering the buildings.
When Mosques do have light switches, look at having those that are sensor based and turn themselves off when not in use.
Saving on cutlery
Using recyclable disposable cutlery if needed or use reusable cutlery instead of polystyrene or plastic cutlery to avoid pollution and wastage of cutlery.
Dealing with traffic and road congestion
Traffic is a source of pollution. Consider reducing the carbon footprint of your congregation by encouraging car-pooling when visiting the Mosque and/or having a bus to collect and take home madrasah children, especially if students are travelling some distance.
Reusing clothes
Clothing can end up in landfills when disposed of and as a result can lead to pollution. Clothes can be reused to benefit people in poorer countries. This can save space in landfills and lead to less pollution and at the same time help those in need. Some Muslim charities in the UK can arrange clothes bins outside Mosques to collect clothes and use them for people in poorer countries.
Also encourage the community to use the amount of clothes that are needed. Recycling clothes can save energy. Clothing in good condition can be used in stores selling second hand clothing in this country and as a result less wastage or dumping of clothes.
Change of light bulbs
Review bulbs at the Mosque as LED bulbs can save more energy when compared to incandescent bulbs and consider replacement with more efficient light bulbs to save energy.
Reuse bags for shopping
Plastic bags are commonly used even though they can damage the environment. The major risk of plastic bags is that they can take years to decompose. Burning of carrier bags as per some studies has shown can cause air pollution. There has been harm caused to animals and marine life due to plastic bags. Mosques should lead by example when buying items to use reusable non plastic bags, if you have plastic bags then at least consider reusing them on a regular basis. Community engagement information sessions should provide these messages to the community on not creating more waste.
Eat less meat and more vegetables
Eating less meat can help reduce the carbon footprint. If we look at the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) diet it also consisted of less meat. Eating meat is not only about eating meat but the process through which it is produced which can lead to an increase in the carbon footprint.
• Have a cafeteria at the Mosques or a place where people can sit and socialise between Salah
• Arrange workshops at your Mosque around how to reduce waste
• Sell plain or customised reusable water bottles from your Mosque to increase your income and protect the environment
• Encourage congregants and visitors to not drive to the Mosques when possible
• Look at ways of reducing food waste by planning for events, and distributing any food leftover to needy and homeless people
• Look at ways to collect and reuse rain water for gardens at the Mosque to reduce water wastage
• Use the Carbon Footprint Calculator to find out the carbon footprint of your Mosque, visit: https://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
4. Recycling Matters The Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) said: “The world is green and pleasant and
Allah has left you in charge of it, so be careful of how you conduct yourselves” (Muslim)
What is recycling?
Recycling is the process of recovering material from waste and turning it into new products. The original product is destroyed in this process, usually through a melting process, but it used to form new products.
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products. Recycling can benefit your community and the environment.
For more information on recycling, visit: https://www.epa.gov/recycle/recycling- basics
What can be recycled?
Many waste products can be recycled and placed in certain types of bins for collection. Recycling Bin Colours are explained below.
Black Rubbish Bins / Recycling Bins
In many parts of the UK, black wheelie bins are for general waste that cannot be recycled or composted. If this is the case in your area, you can use these bins for all non-recyclable household waste, including food waste, if you do not have a separate waste food container.
However, if you have a Black Recycling Bin or Box, then you should use it to collect plastic bottles, pots, tubs, and trays, food and drinks cans, the metal lids from jars, tins, empty aerosols, foil containers and lids, kitchen foil, and foil chocolate wrappings.
There are exceptions as to what you can put in your black wheelie bins and your black recycling boxes, so ask your local council for a full list of exclusions or check their website. Visit the GOV.UK webpage on recycling for more information: https://www.gov.uk/recycling-bin
Blue Recycling Bins
Blue recycling bins are most commonly used in the UK to collect ‘dry’ recyclables, such as:
• Paper
• Egg boxes
• Greeting cards
Red Recycling Bins
As a general rule, red recycling bins are used for plastics, although many councils will allow you to collect plastics in your ‘dry’ recycling bin, whatever colour it may be. If you have a red recycling container, you can use it for the following:
• Plastic bottles
• Empty shampoo and cleaning product bottles
However, all plastics are not made equal, and this is where many people get confused.
The following items cannot be recycled and should be disposed of in your black wheelie bin and not your red recycling bin:
• Plastic carrier bags
• Polystyrene
• Black plastic trays
Brown Recycling Bins
If you are lucky enough to have a brown recycling bin, then you are probably wondering what all the fuss is about. Across the country, brown recycling bins are for mixed recyclables such as:
• Plastic bottles
• Food tins
• Drinks cans
• Tin foil (including trays)
• Glass bottles and jars
But, not everywhere! In certain parts of the country, brown recycling bins are for organic garden waste and food waste only.
Green Recycling Bins
Green recycling bins, not to be confused with green garden waste wheelie bins, are generally used to collect glass recyclables such as glass bottles and jars, although many councils use green recycling bins for dry recyclables too.
If you have a green food waste recycling container, then you should use it for all general household food waste such as:
• Fruit and vegetable peelings
• Coffee grounds
The benefits of recycling food waste are well-documented, and by diverting organic materials from the landfill, and converting it into energy and fertilizer, we can reduce our CO2 footprint.
Yellow Recycling Bins
Yellow recycling bins are used to collect textiles such as clothes, bed linens, and towels. You most likely won’t have one of these at home, but you will find them at your local recycling bank. Textile recycling bins are sometimes orange in colour, but they are usually clearly marked and easy to identify due to their unique apertures.
Grey Recycling Bins
When it comes to Grey Recycling Bins, well, it’s a grey area. Some councils use them for general household waste instead of black wheelie bins, while others use them for ‘dry’ recyclables such as paper and food cans or mixed recyclable waste. Check with your local authority.
Purple Recycling Bins
Purple recycling bins are popping up all over the country, but as they are still new in the world of recycling, it seems no-one can decide what to do with them. In Liverpool, for example, you’ll use your purple recycling bin for general household waste, food waste, and pet food, while up in Ayrshire, purple recycling bins are reserved for recyclables such as glass, plastics, cans, and cartons.
Different bins and their use in the UK
For more information on different recycling bins, visit: https://www. recyclingbins.co.uk/blog/recycling-bin-colours-in-the-uk/
To order recycling bins, visit: https://www.gov.uk/recycling-bin
Day of collection
To find out about the days for bin collections in your area click, visit: https:// www.gov.uk/rubbish-collection-day
What can your Mosque do?
• Understand about recycling and the different bins in your locality and teach others
• Encourage recycling at the Mosque and for the congregation to do at home
• Encourage use of recycling bins at the Mosque
• Teach students about recycling and how to practically do this via assemblies
• Hold workshops on recycling and encourage general public to attend
• Work with the local Council to arrange visits to recycling plants as part of educational training, for example
• Arrange community ‘litter picks’, recycling litter collected where possible – see MCB Visit My Mosque’s street cleaning resources here https://www. visitmymosque.org/street-clean-resources/
5. Utilising Alternative Energy Sources Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with
that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein
every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and earth are signs for a people who
use reason. (Quran 2,164)
Natural lighting
Natural lighting from large skylights can reduce the dependency on use of electricity for lighting. Making changes to allow more natural light can save energy.
Solar power energy
Solar power can be beneficial at Mosques. This is a well-established form of technology that generates electricity from daylight. These can come in the form of panels which can be placed on the roof. These should be considered as part of review of electricity usage at the Mosque. Also important to remember the costing can take some years to pay off. Solar power energy can help reduce your electricity bills and help reduce your carbon footprint. You can receive payment for extra energy you generate.
Heat pumps
These are an environmentally friendly alternative to gas boilers. These can extract heat from the environment and can produce three times the energy they use making them more environmentally friendly. Heat pumps can also offer financial savings.
Wind turbine
This could be considered in new building works to Mosques to help reduce their carbon footprint and generate green energy.
Electric car points
Encouraging electric cars can have a beneficial impact on the environment. A Mosque could consider having a charging point at the Mosque to encourage electric cars.
• Set up an Green team Mosque at the Mosque to plan and look after the environment
• Plan for reducing waste and CO2 emissions during Ramadan
• Look at purchasing solar panels for the Mosque
• Look at installing electric charge point at the Mosque to encourage electric cars
• Consider installing electric charge points at the Mosque for electric cars
6. Make Your Green Pledge “It is he who sends down water for you from the sky, from which comes a drink for you, and the shrubs that you feed to your animals. With it he grows for you grain, olives, palms, vines and all kinds of other crops. There truly is a sign in
the this for those who reflects” (Quran 16:10:11)
MCB’s 10 Point Environmental Pledge List for Your Mosque. Contact the MCB to update us on your progress: [email protected]
Becoming an eco-friendly Mosque: The MCB 10-Point Checklist for Mosques
Completed (please tick when done or write the date when you expect to have this done)
Pledge 1 Deliver Khutbahs on the importance of environmentalism in Islam - download MCB’s template Khutbah here
Pledge 2 Education for management, staff and volunteers on becoming an eco-friendly Mosque and looking after the environment
Pledge 3 Encourage more recycling at Mosques with placement of bins in key areas of access
Pledge 4 Mosque teams to arrange a community clean-up or litter picking event once a month
Pledge 5
Reduce use of single-use/disposable materials for Mosque events and monitor wastage, e.g. use of plastic water bottles and food wasted during Ramadan
Pledge 6 Set up a Mosque ‘Green Team’ to help plan your events and initiatives on environmentalism; engage wider community and local council too
Pledge 7 Cultivate green spaces at the Mosque and/or in the local community - consider setting up a gardening club at the Mosque
Pledge 8 Hold a community engagement event once a year to invite people from the local and wider community to learn about protecting the environment
Pledge 9 Ensure any future building works incorporate elements of eco-friendly design and maximise efficiency and sustainability
Pledge 10 Install a bike stand at the Mosque and encourage people to cycle and walk to the Mosque
MCB’s 10 point Environmental Pledge List for Home
You can pledge to develop more eco-friendly practices at home, using the checklist below as guidance. Contact the MCB to update us on your progress: [email protected]
Becoming an eco-friendly home: The MCB 10-Point Checklist for your home
Completed (please tick when done)
Pledge 1 Listen or read the text to a Khutbah on the environment
Pledge 2 Raise awareness within your family on environmentalism and becoming a more sustainable household
Pledge 3 Encourage more recycling and using the correct coloured bins when disposing of waste
Pledge 4 Reduce usage of single-use plastics, fast fashion other and readily disposable materials at home
Pledge 5 Consume meat, fish, poultry and other animal derived products in moderation, as per Prophetic tradition
Pledge 6 Support your local Mosque Green Team, help them deliver events and initiatives
Pledge 7 Cultivate green spaces at home and/or in the local community – from nurturing houseplants, to gardens and allotments
Pledge 8 Get active; incorporate walking, running and cycling into your daily routine
Pledge 9 Get involved in local environmental initiatives and movements in the wider community
Pledge 10 Write to your MP, encouraging them to support environmentalism in Parliament
Natural lighting Solarisation of Glasgow Central Mosque
Funded by Islamic Relief UK, Glasgow Central Mosque is to be solarised. 130 solar panels are set to be installed with the aim of reducing the Mosque’s CO2 emissions by up to 18,000kg per annum.
Community Tree Planting in Rochdale
The Amaani Initiative partnered with the Rochdale Council of Mosques and the Vicar of Rochdale to plant two Rowan trees on the grounds of St. Chad’s Church earlier this year. They also gifted an olive tree to Rochdale Boroughwide Housing (RBH), which has been planted as part of an environemntal day of action in the Kirkholt area.
Environmental Workshops and Conferences at Easton Jamiah Masjid, Bristol
The Easton Jamiah Masjid in Bristol has held a series of events aimed at increasing awareness around the importance of environmentalism and encouraging climate action, including classes for young Madrasah students on recycling and fly-tipping, and an inter-community conference to coordinate local climate action initiatives.
National Litter Pick
A department within the UK Islamic Mission, UK iCare has coordinated community litter picking activities in several Mosque communities nationwide, including: Hull Mosque, Khizra Mosque (Manchester), Masjid Ibrahim (Plaistow, East London) and UKIM Neeli Mosque (Rochdale).
Community Cycling Club, Manchester
Communities 4 All, a local community-led initiative in Manchester, run a cycling club. They have trained mechanics to maintain their bikes and help their riders stay active.
Environmental Lecture at Masjid Al-Farouq, Walsall
Masjid Al-Farouq arranged a lecture on plastic pollution, promoting climate action and planetary health. The lecture was delivered by Professor A R Gatrad.
Watch the livestream recording of the lecture: WASSUP: Save our Planet | Professor A R Gatrad OBE
essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/ pdf/conveng.pdf)
• Deforestation: Facts, Causes and Effects https://www.livescience. com/27692-deforestation.html
• Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation https://www.eea.europa.eu/ help/faq/what-is-the-difference-between
• How Can Climate Action be More Inclusive? https://www.climatelinks.org/ blog/how-can-climate-action-be-inclusive

Documents

The MCB’s 6 Step Guide to Eco-Friendly Mosques