The Mayas Had an Extra Ordinarily Advanced Civilization Prior to European Contact

8/10/2019 The Mayas Had an Extra Ordinarily Advanced Civilization Prior to European Contact

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Tasks 1

“THE MAYAS HAD AN EXTRA ORDINARILY ADVANCED CIVILIZATION PRIOR TO EUROPEAN CONTACT”

The Mayas were middle Americans Indians who produced one of the finest Civilization in the WesternWorld

ARTS AND ARCHITECTURES

Many consider Maya arts and architectures of their classic era (c, 200-900, a. d.) to be the mostsophisticated and beautiful of all the ancient New World.

The Mayan developed the cities of Tikal, Palenque and many other sites in the area. They developed anagriculturally intensive, city centered empire consisting of humorous independently city states, theymost notable monuments are the Pyramids they built in their religious centers and the accompanyingpalaces of their rulers. Temple sat on top of the towering Maya Pyramids presumably as the closest

Palace to the Heavens.

Pictures Showing the Mayas Pyramid



WRITING SYSTEM

Is often called HIEROGLYPHICS from a vague superficial resemblance to the Egyptian writing it was acombination of Phonetic symbols and ideograms .Mayas writing tool were brushes made with Animalshair and quills. They were 3 symbols that formed the numerals: a shell glyph (0) a dot (1) and a bar (5).

Pictures showing the Writings of the Mayas



Calendars

As they Mayas were very good Astronomer and Observers they had a complex series of Calendar,including a scared 260 days calendars called the Tzolkin, a 356 day calendars called the Haad and a 52Haad cycle called the calendar round which synchronized the Tzolkin and Haab cycle.

Picture Showing the Mayas Calendars



Tasks 2

The arrival of Columbus in the Caribbean opened two doors, first great wealth and powers of Spain.

The Wealth of Spain

During the 16th century spain,held equivalent of the US $ 1.5 trilliun in gold and silver recevied fromNew spain. They wanted not just a colony but a large trading empire in the New world which woud sendback gold and precious metals to spain in a leading position in European business and banking.Theyhoped as well that large number of farmers and traders would settle on their would be a flow of good inboth ways Spain and the New world.

The Glory of Spain

It was the most powerful state in europe and foremost global power in the 16 th and a great part of the17 th century and culture, trade in spain much of it culture revolved around spain. The use of gold andsilver from the spainsh americans mines were used to pay for food and items what kept the economygood for the peoples.

The Powers of Spain

Spain was Europe leading power throughtout 16 th and 17 th century,a position reinforced by trade andwealth from colonial possession religion, when King Ferinand and Queen Isabella ruled spain in 1400 s

and 1500 s.they declared that all spainiards must become Roman Cathoilics.People who praticed otherreligion were forced to change their religion.

The Land of Spain

Spain mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean sea. Spain mainland is amountanious country ,dominated by high plateaus and mountain chain.

The misery and decimation,destruction of the indigenous people.

In spain many people of the population had virtually disappeared due to the result of diseases. War,destruction,small pox and even measless wreaked havoc of the indigenous population which developedno immunities against these diseases. Epidemic disease was the main cause of depopulation,thedestruction of the conquest and the weaking of the indigenous socities.



Task 5

Explain fully the economics,reigious,socio-political,technological and other factors which promptedEuropeans sailors to undertake voyages of exploration during the late 15 th and 16 th centuries.

Economic factor

There was a quest for materials and good profit. They people of Europe was out to seek new lands andto find spices (pepper,ginger,cinimon and nutmegg). Also europeans were forced to look elsewhere fotheir demands in slaves.

Religious factor

The insistence to christianize the people, Prince Henery the navigator encouragedd his men to spreadCatholicism.During this period of 1525 unti 1645 religion was plagued by war of religions.however thatwhile religion was given as the reason for war.

Socio-political factors

To ensure the safety of they european families and livelihoods citizens pay taxes in exchange for theservice of professional armies raised by new monorachs. It was a political allance that manintained thesecondhalf of the 15 thcentury.

Teechnological factors

There were suitable for the Mediterranean and were widely used by spain,carvels were created andcould last long at sea which meant greater profit. To counteract this threat the cannons were inventedwhich is an weapon used to protect the boats, and the compass which helped the sailors know wherethey were while in fog.

Other factors land and wealth factors

Wealthy landowners were the target of downtrodden rebels demainding social eqality and sharingwealth in common.



Tasks 6

Papal Bull

A Papal bull is a type of letter patient or charter issued by a Pope of the Catholic Church. It was namedafter the lead seal (Bulla) that was apperead at the end in order to authenticate it and was used only inthe 16 thcentury.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

Singed at Tordesillas on 7 June 1494 and authenticated a Setubal, Portugal, divided the newlydiscovered land outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a Meridan.

Privateers

A Privateers or “Corsair” was a privater person or ship authoirized by a government by letterr ofmarque, to attack foreign vessels during wartime. It was a way of mobilizing armed ships and sailorswithout having to spend treasury resources.

Egalitarian

Ensure that all humans are equal in fundemental worth or social status. Egalitarrian is also the socialremoval of economics inequalities amongs people of the decentralizations of powers. Common form ofegalitarian is political,economics and religious.

Archaeology

Is the study of human activity in the past,primarily through the recovery and analysis of the materialculture and evironmental data that they left behind , which include artifacts and architectures. It can beconsidered to be both procedures science and humanity

Treaty of Hague

In december 1625,england, Denmork , the Lower Saxon circle the dutch formed a coalition called theCoalition (Treaty) of Hague it had moral support from Fredrick of the Palatinate and bethlan Gbaour ofTransylvannia.

Pince Henry the Navigator

Infante Dom de Avis, Dulce of Viseu,(4 March 1394-13 november 1460),he was the fifth child of theportuguese King John.he was an important figure in 15 thcentury portugues politics and through hisadministrative direction,he regard as the main initator of what would be known as the age ofdiscoveries.



Task 7

1) Account giving 3 valid reason for the spain decline in the new world

i. Social status was associated with leisure work and manual labour.In the 17 th century spainshsociety was extremely ingealitarian.the nobility were not only richer than ordinary people buthad a special legal privileges.

ii. The exaction of noble landlords and the high level of taxation drove the spainish paesantry intopoverty,they were tenant on the estates who had to give large proportion tolandowners,poverty provoke migrations to spain and to the new world.

iii. During the 17 th century the empire had considered resource but it was often difficult to expoiltthem,not least because local interest were reluctant to pay of other territories. The discouragedhard work and innovation in agricultural methods cause the spain to migrate.

2) Discuss the 3 distinct phases and periods in the attempt to break the spainish monopoly

Phases

I. All foreign ships were banned from the caribbean and trade with the spainish. The policy wasaccepted by the the European countries with regard to the lands already settled in Spain.

II. In 1517 all countries in europe acknowledged the authority of Pope.The universal authority ofthe pope was broken and restricted to Catholic countries among Spain. Religion hatred was

responsible for the breaking of the monolopy and the cruelty shown in 16th

century.

III. Countries trespassed on Spain monolopy, It was not until Elizabet h’s reign (1558 -1603) that theEnglish sailors frequently made voyages into the spainish empire with the aims of breakin themonolopy.

Periods

I. No peace beyond the line ,During his period France ignored the Spainish claim to a monolopy of

the caribbean,and insisted on a right to send ships to destroyed the monoloply.

II. The pirates attacked ship of any nationality,smugglers attacks only the spainish,and causedconfusion.

III. The setllers wanted to buy goods from the french captain supplys but the spainish authoritieswouldn’t tolerate such trade,this cause the spaini sh monolopy to be broken easily.



3) discuss 3 strategies Spain adopted to protect her wealth and manitai control in the new world.

I. To mininmize the threats Spain orgainzed defense for its merchant ships,the Government sendfleet of warship into the Atlantic Ocean to escort the returing merchant,and the governmentpay the escort by requiring merchants to pay tax on the goods being protected.

II. Spain maintained control in the new world by allowing trade to flourished across the atlanticocean,it maintained and enlarge the vast empire intil the 19 th century by creating cultural andlinguistic links across the globe.

III. Spain orgainzed imperial system to expoilt the land,labour and wealth of the new world,and by1824 all countries fought and won their independence except cuba and Puerto Rico.



CARIBBEAN HISTORY SBA 2 15

CANDICDATE NAME: RASHANA KHAN

REGISTERATION NUMBER :

NAME OF SCHOOL : SKELDON LINE PATH SECONDARY SCHOOL

TITLE OF THE STUDY : the indigenous people and the europeans

TERRITORY : GUYANA

TE CHER’S N ME :jasmatie indarjit





CARIBBEAN HISTORY SBA 2 15

CANDICDATE NAME: RASHANA KHAN

REGISTERATION NUMBER :

NAME OF SCHOOL : SKELDON LINE PATH SECONDARY SCHOOL

TITLE OF THE STUDY : the indigenous people and the europeans

TERRITORY : GUYANA

TE CHER’S N ME :jasmatie indarjit



Introduction

This study was conducted as a csec project in which this topic was chosen to be studied exhaustivelyabout our ancestors. The mayans civilization and the arawaks way of cultivation will e discussed in thisstudy. On the otherhand the Europeans reasons to arrive in Guyana, The power exerIised by the spainsh

and the strength with weakness of the spainsh colonial administration will be emphasied in the study.



Acknowledgement

The successful completion of this study wouldn’t be possible without the cooperation and assistance of

several persons. I would like to thank the resident of Race Course for their major assistance, support andtime off to answer the given questionnaire.

Thanks to my family members for the support and motivation and to my sibling for assisting me indistributing questionnaire .Finally special acknowledgement to my subject teacher for the guidancegiven in this study.



Area or research

“The indigenous people and the europeans”



Rational for selecting area of research

To get an glimpse into the history of Guyana.

To become aware of why the indigenous people and European came to Guyana?

Documents

The Mayas Had an Extra Ordinarily Advanced Civilization Prior to European Contact