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The Marriage of ITS & Tolling
Providing Real Solutions for Real Needs
John Davis
Real Needs
• Policy Makers / Transport Authorities want to
implement strategies that result in more efficient
use of resources.
• Users want Better Service, Safer Travel, Surety of
Journey Times, Value for Money.
Real Tools
• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS): the application of information communications technology
(ICT) to the transport sector in the interests of safer, more
sustainable & more efficient movement of goods & people.
• ITS is an Enabling Entity that; Provides the tools for efficient cost-
effective implementation of transport
policies.
• Tolling fits into this ITS definition
Real Separation
• Tolling was historically separated
from ITS because;
Viewed solely as an Infrastructure
funding source
Contributed to congestion
Systems separated to guard against
liability risks and revenue loss
Localized small systems
Real Convergence
• That was Then, This is Now
• Ongoing Convergence of ITS & Tolling
Viewed as a demand management tool
Free Flow / Open Road Systems
Large National / City-wide Systems
Technology advances
• Electronic Vehicle Identification is the
Primary Reason for this Convergence.
Real Convergence
• Increased Use of Road User Charging in
Demand Management because;
Source of Funds
Fair Trade
User Pays
Polluter Pays
Education Alone Does Not Work
Charging for a Service Encourages
Better User Behaviour
Tolling is integral part of EU ITS Directive Action Plan for the Deployment of ITS in Europe (Dec 2008)
Directive 2010/40/EU: Framework for the Coordinated and
Effective Deployment and Use of Intelligent Transport Systems
6 Priority Areas covering 24 Actions
Optimal Use of Road, Traffic and Travel Data
Continuity of Traffic and Freight Management
Road Safety and Security
Integration of Vehicle into Transport Infrastructure
Data Protection and Liability
European ITS Coordination
Real Convergence
Real Convergence
Real Synergies
• HGV Road User Charging
(Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, etc.)
Large National Systems
Based on DSRC & GPS/GNSS Technologies
Deployment of Roadside Infrastructure (Gantries)
Video Tolling & Mobile Patrols used for Enforcement
All HGVs fitted with an OBU
Real Synergies
• Open Road Tolling (for all vehicle types)
• Becoming more widespread
• Technology is proven
• Enforcement legislation is last
big hurdle to be crossed
National and Cross-Border
• Improves Lane Throughput
• Improves Customer Satisfaction
Real Synergies
• UK “Managed Motorways”
• Monitors congestion and incidents Vary speed limits
Permit Hard Shoulder Running
Permit control of individual lanes
• Pilot demonstrated improvement in
traffic flows & reduction in accidents
• Cheaper option to Road Widening
• Being rolled out to other Motorways
Real Synergies
• The obvious next step:
Open Road Tolling COMBINED with Managed Motorway
Will Provide an Effective Demand Management Toolkit
Real Toll Technology Advances
• Vehicle Identification Methods
DSRC, GPS/GNSS, ANPR
• Harmonisation and Interoperability DSRC
GPS/GNSS
EETS
• Data Source is Electronic Vehicle
Identification via OBU
Real ITS Technology Advances
• Cooperative Mobility
Technical Standards
Technology Trials CVIS, SAFESPOT, COOPERS,
IntelliDrive
Proof of Concept
Harmonisation EU and US Cooperation
• Data Source is Electronic Vehicle Identification via OBU
Real Advances in Data Use
• IBM’s first Smarter Cities Technology Centre Established in Dublin in 2010
€50M+ Investment in R&D Project
• Ultimate goal of helping cities better
manage systems & resources Integrated common framework uniting
some of the key transport sub-systems
Provide increased network management
and integrated services provision
Service Orientated Architecture framework maximizing use of
open and common standards thereby simplifying future
integration and interoperability between transport systems
Real Business Case
• Electronic Vehicle Registration – Bermuda
• Launched EVR in 2007
• Automates Enforcement of Vehicle-Specific Regulations
(vehicle inspection, insurance, and registration)
• System Components
DSRC (Sticker Tags)
Violation Enforcement (via ANPR)
• Effectively a Tolling System for Non-Tolling Application
• Early Return On Investment
Real Business Case
• Netherlands – Network Pricing Planned Introduction of a kilometre
charge for every vehicle and every
kilometre driven
Sadly Now Shelved
• Identified Strong Business Case
Real Business Case
• Netherlands – Network Pricing Integrated network management plan based on three pillars;
1. Basic rate per Km and Differentiation (Variable pricing based on time, congestion and environmental
characteristics of the vehicle (fuel, weight, CO2))
2. Pay for Use instead of Pay for Possession (Eliminate Motor tax, provincial surtaxes and vehicle purchase tax)
3. Revenues to Infrastructure Fund (Road Maintenance, Public Transport, New Infrastructure)
Real Business Case
• Expected benefits by 2020 include;
Increased Road Safety: +13%
Decreased mobility by car: -15%
Decreased vehicle loss hours: -45% to -58%
Increase in Public Transport Use: +6%
Decrease in CO2 emissions: -19%
• Total expected welfare benefits:
€0.7 billion to €1 billion
Real Dilemmas
• If the Tools are in Place
Technology is Proven
Concepts are Proven
Business Case is Proven
• Why is Pace of Change so Slow?
• Reasons Include;
Larger Scale means Larger Risks
Technology Advancing Too Fast
Focus is on “Immediate” Needs
Real Dilemmas
• Policy makers are aware of the real
needs specific to their region.
• Focus is on targeted ITS solutions that
provide direct and tangible positive
outcomes sooner rather than later.
• Is it better to go Step-by-Step instead of
Big Bang?
Irish Case Study – Infrastructure
• Motorway Development
Pre 2000: Under-developed Network
Major Investment Programme Implemented
PPPs played a Key Role
PPP Model evolved between 2003 & 2010
Ten toll roads on the National network and
one on the local network
• Classic Case of using Tolling to Fund
Infrastructure
Irish Case Study - ETC
• History 2000 – Introduction of ETC on Westlink and Eastlink;
2003–2010 - New motorway network with toll roads;
2007 - Introduction of national ETC interoperability;
2008 - Introduction of multi-lane free flow on M50;
2008 - Introduction of National ‘EETS’ (Tag) Providers;
2010–2012 - Preparation for European Interoperability;
• Interoperable CEN 5.8 DSRC across all
Toll Plazas
• Classic Case of ETC Evolution
Irish Case Study: M50
• M50: Upgrade to ORT in 2008
• Combined with major infrastructural
improvements Increased number of lanes
Re-engineering of on / off ramps
• Classic Case of using Tolling to Fund
Infrastructure Improvements
Irish Case Study – M50
• M50: Phased ITS Implementation
• Infrastructure provided for: – Cabinets
– Fibre optic network
– Variable Message Signs
– CCTV
– Automatic Traffic Counters
– Automatic Incident Detection
– Lane Control Signals
– ANPR
– Motorway Entry Signals
– Power Supplies
Irish Case Study – M50 ITS
• Phased ITS Roll-Out Emergency Roadside Telephones
VMS (traveller information)
Fibre Optic Network
Incident Detection
ANPR
Irish Case Study: Dublin Port Tunnel
• DPT: 5km Urban Twin-Bore Tunnel
• Incorporates Significant ITS Control Centre, Incident detection, etc
• Variable Price Tolling HGVs – Free
Cars - €3 off-peak, €10 peak
• Diverts HGVs from City
Irish Case Study: HGV City Cordon
• HGV Strategy introduced in 2007 following completion of
DPT and M50 projects
• HGV Management Strategy Commenced 2007 To encourage maximum use of the Port Tunnel by port-related
traffic and to enhance the city centre environment.
Ban on 5+ axle vehicles during the
hours of 7am and 7pm.
Limited permit scheme for HGVs that
need to load/unload within the city
centre area.
Irish Case Study: HGV City Cordon
• Dramatic Results Reduction in HGVs within the city centre area of between 80 -
94% on different routes within the cordon area.
Approximately 10,500 HGVs per day use the Port Tunnel and
City Council now issue an average of 200 permits per day.
• Dublin has the safest roads of any capital city in Europe. European Transport Safety Council report 2011.
HGV City Cordon is a contributing factor to this achievement.
Enabled by joined up thinking i.e. Phased policy of;
Tolling + ITS + Infrastructure + Enforcement
= Improved Safety, Less Congestion, Better Mobility
Summary
• ITS is about Delivering Outcomes, Not Implementing
Technology
• Marriage of ITS / Tolling provides better Tools to
Deliver Real Solutions for Real Needs
• Policy makers need to be made more aware of the
Community Benefits that this Marriage enables
• Big Bang is not always best approach
Point to Ponder
• Electronic Vehicle Identification delivers Real Benefits
• Benefits could be Multiplied if combined with
Electronic Driver Identification
• Smart Card Driver Licences are a Reality
• Why not Combine EVI with EDI?
Save The Date: Intelligent Transport Systems
