The Management Process and Managerial Roles

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The Management Process and

Managerial Roles

Health care - the total societal effort,

organized or not, whether private orpublic, that attempts to guarantee,provide, finance, and promote health -changed markedly during the 20th

century toward more prevention's.

6/27/2014 Dr. Mohammed Alnaif 1


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The Management Process

and Managerial Roles

Health services - are the delivery

component of health care. They areprovided by practitioners and

organizations and have gone through

significant changes.



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Managerial Roles

Health Services Organizations (HSOs)

Delivery of health services involves theorganized public or private efforts that assistindividuals primarily in regaining health, butalso in preventing disease and disability.Delivery of services to patients occurs in avariety of settings. All HSOs can be classifiedby structure, functions, ownership, and profitmotives.



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Managerial Roles


Historically, hospitals and nursing facilitieshave been the most common and dominantHSOs engaged in delivery of health services.They remain prominent in the contemporaryhealth services system, but other HSOs haveachieved stature.



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Managerial Roles


Among them are outpatient clinics, imagingcenters, free-standing urgent care andsurgical centers, large group practices, andhome health agencies. Multi organizationalsystems either vertically or horizontallyintegrated. HMOs, PPOs, and managed caresystems.



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Managerial Roles

Health Services Organizations (HSOs)The various HSOs and others face new

environments containing a wide range ofexternal pressure, including new rulesand technologies, changed demography,accountability to multiple constituents,

and constraints on resources.



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Managerial Roles

Health Services Organizations (HSOs)As a result, HSO managers must work

smarter not just harder, and they mustallocate and use resources moreeffectively and strive for ContinuousQuality Improvement (CQI) and continued

excellence in an increasingly restrictiveenvironment.



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Managerial Roles

Medical CareMedical care is a process or activity in which

certain inputs or factors of production (such asdoctors and nurses services, services ofmedical instruments and equipment, and

pharmaceuticals) are combined in varying

quantities to yield an output. Thus HSOs aresettings in which inputs (resources) areconverted to outpu t (work results andobjective accomplishment). Management is thecatalyst.



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Managerial Roles

Medical Care


Input

ResourcesConversion

Process

Output

work results

& objective


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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

HSO managers are defined as personsappointed to positions of authoritywho enableothers to do their work effectively, who haveresponsibility for resource utilization, and whoare accountable for work results. This broaddefinitions include different types of managers.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

Traditional classification of managers is bylevel in the organization hierarchy (vertical).

Top management, middle-level management,

and first-line management. Thus, managers

differ by their level of position in theorganization hierarchy.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

Managers can also be differentiated by theextent to which they use certain skills.

A ski l lis the ability to engage in a set ofbehaviors that are functionally related to one

another and that lead to a desired performancelevel in a given area.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of ManagersThree types of skills are needed by

managers, human relation skills,

conceptual skills, and technical skills.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

Human relation skills are skills associatedwith a managers ability to work well with others,

both as a member of a group and as a leader

who gets things done.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

Conceptual skills are skills related to theability to visualize the organization as a whole,

discern relationships among organizational

parts, and understand how the organization fitsinto the wider context of the industry,

community and world.



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Managerial Roles

Management in HSOs

Types of Managers

Technical skills are skills that reflect

both an understanding of and proficiency

in a specialized field.



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Managerial Roles


Hierarchy SkillsDegree of Authority

& Scope of

Responsibility

Top

Middle-Level

First-Line Human

relationskills High

Medium

Low


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Managerial Roles

The Management Process

Some regard management as getting

things done through people; others

consider it the process of reaching

organization goals by working with and

through people.



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Managerial Roles

Management is defined her as

The process, composed of interrelated

social and technical functionsandactivities(including roles), occurring ina formal organizational setting for the

purpose of accomplishingpredetermined objectivesthrough theutilization of human and otherresources.



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Managerial Roles

Management Functions

A functionis work that can be identified and

distinguished from other work. The traditional

classification of management functions

describes how managers do what they do

(the activities they perform) to accomplishobjectives (achieve work results) through

people and utilization of other resources.



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Managerial Roles

Planningis a technical managerial

function that enables HSOs to deal with

the present and anticipate the future. It

involves deciding what to do as well as

when and how to do it. Simply put

planning is setting goals and objectivesand deciding how best to achieve them.



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Managerial Roles

Organizingis a technical function; itmeans establishing authority and

responsibility relationships, and formalstructure and reporting relationships.

Organizing focuses on grouping activities

and resources in a logical manner, including

the division of work and job design, workmethods and processes, coordination

among units, and the use of information and

feedback systems.6/27/2014 Dr. Mohammed Alnaif 22


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Managerial Roles

Staffingthe function of staffing is acquiringand retaining human resources, and staffing

has both a technical and a social aspects.Technical aspects include human resourcesplanning, job analysis, recruitment, testing,selecting, performance appraisal,

compensation and benefits administration,employee assistance, and safety and health.



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Managerial Roles

StaffingSocial aspects are that influencethe behavior and performance oforganization members: training anddevelopment, promotions, counseling, anddiscipline.



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Managerial Roles

Directingthe directing function is a social-behavioral in nature and focuses on

initiating action in the organization--it ispeople oriented. It includes motivating,

leading, and communicating as well as other

activities such as conflict resolution,

behavior modification, and integrating

people with structure and tasks.



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Managerial Roles

Controllingthe controlling function istechnical and focuses on monitoring,

adjusting, and improving performance. It

means establishing performance standards

to measure results, as well as the techniques

and systems to monitor and intervene.



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Managerial Roles

Decision Making The process ofidentifying and choosing alternative

courses of action in a mannerappropriate to the demands of thesituation. Decision making is atechnical management function. It is a

part of all other managementfunctions.



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Managerial Roles

Decision Making Managers aredecision makers, they make decisions

when they monitor and control work,when they plan , establish or changeorganizational arrangements and workprocess and content, when they

acquire and assign personnel, andwhen they direct efforts of others.



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Management Functions


Planning

Decision

Making

DirectingControlling

OrganizingStaffing


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The trad it ional

c lass i ficat ion o f

management funct ions


Planning

DirectingControlling

Organizing


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Managerial Roles

Managerial Ro les

A role is an organized set of behaviors

associated with a particular office or

position because of its authority and

status.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Ro les

Interpersonal roles: Roles that grow

directly out of the authority of amanagers position and involves

developing and maintaining positive

relationships with significant others.Three roles:



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

In terpersonal roles: Figurehead, all

managers, and specially topmanagers, are figureheads becausethey engage in ceremonial andsymbolic activities such as presiding

over an event honoring a long serviceemployees, speaking at retirementdinner, and ribbon-cutting for a newbuilding wing.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Interpersonal roles: Leader

(influencer), builds relationships with

subordinates and communicates with,

motivates, and coaches them.

Leaders usually influence others byexample.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Ro les

Interpersonal roles: Liaison,

maintain formal and informal externaland internal network of contacts, for

the purpose of providing help and

information.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Informational Rolesrelate to

receiving and sending information sothat managers can serve as the nerve

centers of their organizational unit.

Three roles:



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Informational RolesMonitor, seeks

internal and external informationabout issues that can affect the

organization.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Informational RolesDisseminator,transmit information internally that is

obtained from either internal or

external sources.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Informational RolesSpokesperson,transmits information about the

organization to outsiders



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Decisional Roles:These are Rolesthat involve making significant

decisions that effect the organization.

Four roles:



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Decisional Roles:Entrepreneur(change agent), acts as initiator,

designer, and encourager of change

and innovation.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Ro les

Decisional Roles:Disturbance

handler, takes corrective action whenorganization faces important ,

unexpected difficulties.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Decisional Roles:Resource

allocator, distributes resources of all

types, including time, funding,

equipment, and human resources.



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Managerial Roles

Managerial Roles

Decisional Roles:Negotiator,

involves interacting with superiors,persons in other departments, and

subordinates. Negotiation affects

resource allocation, resolution ofdisturbances, implementation of

change, and interpersonal behavior.



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The Management Process and Managerial Roles