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8/20/2019 The male couple : iconography and semantics / Mariangela Puglisi
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIVth INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
Edited by
Nicholas Holmes
GLASGOW 2011
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All rights reserved byThe International Numismatic Council
ISBN 978-1-907427-17-6
Distributed by Spink & Son Ltd, 69 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4ET
Printed and bound in Malta by Gutenberg Press Ltd.
International Numismatic Council
British Academy
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
I
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PrefaceEditor’s note
Inaugural lecture
‘A foreigner’s view of the coinage of Scotland’, by Nicholas MAYHEW
Antiquity: Greek
I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO
Lessons from a (bronze) die study, by Donald T. ARIEL
Le monete incuse a leggenda Pal-Mol : una verifica della documentazione
disponibile, by Marta BARBATO
Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by RachelBARKAY
Remarks on monetary circulation in the chora of Olbia Pontica – the case ofKoshary, by Jarosław BODZEK
The ‘colts’ of Corinth revisited: a note on Corinthian drachms from Ravel’sPeriod V, by Lee L. BRICE
Not only art! The period of the ‘signing masters’ and ‘historical iconography’,by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO
Les monnaies pr éromaines de BB’T-BAB(B)A de Mauretanie, by LaurentCALLEGARIN & Abdelaziz EL KHAYARI
Mode iconografiche e determinazioni delle cronologie nell’occidente ellenistico,by Benedetto CARROCCIO
La phase postarcha ï que du monnayage de Massalia, by Jean-AlbertCHEVILLON
A new thesis for Siglos and Dareikos, by Nicolas A. CORFÙ
Heroic cults in northern Sicily between numismatics and archaeology, byAntonio CRISÀ
La politica estera tolemaica e l’area del Mar Nero: l’iconografia numismaticacome fonte storica, by Angela D’ARRIGO
1819
23
35
42
48
52
58
67
73
81
89
97
105
114
123
CONTENTS
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CONTENTS2
New light on the Larnaca hoard IGCH 1272, by Anne DESTROOPER-GEORGIADES
The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by Dimitar DRAGANOV
The ‘royal archer’ and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in theSeleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT
ὖ ὰ ῖ ῖ . Retour sur les critères quidéfinissent habituellement les ‘imitations’ Athéniennes, by Chr. FLAMENT
On the gold coinage of ancient Chersonese (46-133 AD), by N.A. FROLOVA
Propaganda on coins of Ptolemaic queens, by Agnieszka FULIŃSKA
Osservazioni sui rinvenimenti di monete dagli scavi archeologici dell’anticaCaulonia, by Giorgia GARGANO
La circulation monétaire à Argos d’apr ès les monnaies de fouille de l’ÉFA(École française d’Athènes), by Catherine GRANDJEAN
Silver denominations and standards of the Bosporan cities, by JeanHOURMOUZIADIS
Seleucid ‘eagles’ from Tyre and Sidon: preliminary results of a die-study, byPanagiotis P. IOSSIF
Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN
Parion history from coins, by Vedat KELEŞ
Regional mythology: the meanings of satyrs on Greek coins, by Ann-MarieKNOBLAUCH
The chronology of the Hellenistic coins of Thessaloniki, Pella and Amphipolis,by Theodoros KOUREMPANAS
The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by Constantine LAGOS
Évidence numismatique de l’existence d’Antioche en Troade, by Dincer SavasLENGER
131
140
163
170
178
184
189
199
203
213
230
237
246
251
259
265
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CONTENTS 3
Hallazgo de un conjunto monetal de Gadir en la necr ó polis Feno-Púnica delos cuarteles de Varela, Cádiz, España, by Urbano LÓPEZ RUIZ & Ana Mar í aRUIZ TINOCO
Gold and silver weight standards in fourth-century Cyprus: a resume, by Evangeline MARKOU
Göttliche Herrscherin – herrschende Göttin? Frauenbildnisse auf hellenistischenMünzen, by Katharina MARTIN
Melkart-Herakles y sus distintas advocaciones en la Bética costera, by ElenaMORENO PULIDO
Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend ‘ΚΟΣΩΝ’, by LucianMUNTEANU
‘Une monnaie grecque inédite: un triobole d’Argos en Argolide’, by EleniPAPAEFTHYMIOU
The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA
Le tr ésor des monnaies perses d’or trouvé à Argamum / Orgamé (Jurilovca, dép.de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMAŢCHI & V. IONIŢĂ
The imitations of late Thasian tetradrachms: chronology, classification anddating, by Ilya S. PROKOPOV
Moneta e discorso politico: emissioni monetarie in Cirenaica tra il 321 e il 258a.C., by Daniela Bessa PUCCINI
Tesoros sertorianos en España: problemas y nuevas perspectivas, by IsabelRODRÍGUEZ CASANOVA
‘Ninfa’ eponima grande dea? Caratteri e funzioni delle personificazioni cittadine,by Grazia SALAMONE
The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC – thirdcentury AD, by Ziad SAWAYA
Monetazione incusa magnogreca: destinazione e funzioni, by Rosa SCAVINO
Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by LaviniaSOLE
La moneta di Sibari: struttura e metrologia, by Emanuela SPAGNOLI
269
280
285
293
304
310
319
331
337
350
357
365
376
382
393
405
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CONTENTS4
Le stephanophoroi prima delle stephanophoroi, by Marianna SPINELLI
Weight adjustment al marco in antiquity, and the Athenian decadrachm, by CliveSTANNARD
The Magnesian hoard: a preliminary report, by Oğuz TEKIN
Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Górtyn, by Burkhard TRAEGER
Aspetti della circolazione monetaria in area basso adriatica, by AdrianaTRAVAGLINI & Valeria Giulia CAMILLERI
La polisemia di Apollo attraverso il documento monetale, by Maria DanielaTRIFIRÒ
Thraco-Macedonian coins: the evidence from the hoards, by Alexandros R.A.TZAMALIS
The pattern of findspots of coins of Damastion: a clue to its location, by Dubravka UJES MORGAN
The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by FranckWOJAN
The hoard of Cyzicenes from the settlement of Patraeus (Taman peninsula), by E.V. ZAKHAROV
Antiquity: Roman
The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN
Coin finds from the Dutch province of North-Holland (Noord-Holland).Chronological and geographical distribution and function of Roman coins fromthe Dutch part of Barbaricum, by Paul BELIËN
The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by FrankBERGER
Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first -fourth century AD, by Line BJERG
The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORIĆ-BREŠKOVIĆ
417
427
436
441
447
461
473
487
497
500
509
514
527
533
538
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CONTENTS 5
Die Münzpr ägung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER
The denarius in the first century, by K. BUTCHER & M. PONTING
Coinage and coin circulation in Nicopolis of Epirus: a preliminary report, by Dario CALOMINO
La piazza porticata di Egnazia: la documentazione numismatica, by RaffaellaCASSANO, Adriana TRAVAGLINI & Alessandro CRISPINO
Dallo scavo al museo: un ripostiglio monetale di età antonina del IV municipiodi Roma (Italia), by Francesca CECI
I rinvenimenti dal Tevere: la monetazione della Diva Faustina, by AlessiaCHIAPPINI
Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during theTetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEÓN-REINA, F.J.FORTES, L.M. CABALÍN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA
L’Oriente Ligoriano: fonti, luoghi, mirabilia, by Arianna D’OTTONE
Le emissioni isiache: quale rapporto con il navigium Isidis?, by Sabrina DEPACE
A centre of aes rude production in southern Etruria : La Castellina
(Civitavecchia, Roma), by Almudena DOMÍNGUEZ-ARRANZ & Jean GRAN-AYMERICH
Perseus and Andromeda in Alexandria: explaining the popularity of the myth inthe culture of the Roman Empire, by Melissa Barden DOWLING
Les fractions du nummus frappées à Rome et à Ostie sous le r ègne de Maxence(306-312 ap. J.C.), by V. DROST
Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in theFlavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS
‘The restoration of memory: Minucius and his monument’ by Jane DeRoseEVANS
La circulation monétaire à Lyon de la fondation de la colonie à la mort deSeptime Sévère (43 av. – 211 apr. J.C.): premiers résultats, by Jonas FLUCK
545
557
569
576
580
592
595
605
613
621
629
635
645
657
662
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CONTENTS6
Le monnayage en orichalque romain: apport des expérimentations auxétudes numismatiques, by Arwen GAFFIERO, Arnaud SUSPÈNE, FlorianTÉREYGEOL & Bernard GRATUZE
New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCÍA-BELLIDO
Les bronzes d’Octave à la proue et à la tête de bélier (RPC 533) attribués àToulouse-Tolosa: nouvelles découvertes, by Vincent GENEVIÈVE
Crustumerium, Cisterna Grande (Rome, Italy): textile traces from a Romancoins hoard, by Maria Rita GIULIANI, Ida Anna RAPINESI, Francesco DIGENNARO, Daniela FERRO, Heli ARIMA, Ulla RAJANA & Francesca CECI
Deux médaillons d’Antonin le Pieux du territoire de Pautalia (Thrace), by Valentina GRIGOROVA-GENCHEVA
Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:iconological considerations with special reference to the emperor’scorrespondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jürgen HAMER
The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrian’s eastern silver coinages, by F.HAYMANN
The coin-images of the later soldier-emperors and the creation of a Romanempire of late antiquity, by Ragnar HEDLUND
Coinage and currency in ancient Pompeii, by Richard HOBBS
Imitations in gold, by Helle W. HORSNÆS
Un geste de Caracalla sur une monnaie frappée à Pergame, by Antony HOSTEIN
New data on monetary circulation in northern Illyricum in the fifth century, by Vujadin IVANIŠEVIĆ & Sonja STAMENKOVIĆ
Die augusteischen Münzmeisterpr ägungen: IIIviri monetales im Spannungsfeldzwischen Republik und Kaiserzeit, by Alexa KÜTER
Imperial representation during the reign of Valentinian III, by Aládar KUUN
The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH
Le monnayage de Brutus et Cassius a pr ès la mort de César, by RaphaëlleLAIGNOUX
668
676
686
696
709
715
720
726
732
742
749
757
765
772
780
785
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CONTENTS 7
L’ultima emissione di Cesare Ottaviano: alcune considerazioni sulle recenti proposte cronologiche, by Fabiana LANNA
Claudius’s issue of silver drachmas in Alexandria: Serapis Anastole, by BarbaraLICHOCKA
La chronologie des émissions monétaires de Claude II: ateliers de Milan etSiscia, by Jérôme MAIRAT
La circulation monétaire à Strasbourg (France) et sur le Rhin supérieur aupremier siècle après J.-C., by Stéphane MARTIN
The double solidus of Magnentius, by Alenka MIŠKEC
A hoard of bronze coins of the third century BC found at Pratica di Mare(Rome), by Maria Cristina MOLINARI
Un conjunto de plomos monetiformes de procendencia hispana de la colecciónantigua del Museo Arqueológico Nacional (Madrid), by Bartolomé MORASERRANO
Monete e ritualitá funeraria in epoca romana imperiale: il sepolcreto dei Fadieni (Ferrara – Italia), by Anna Lina MORELLI
Il database Monete al femminile, by Anna Lina MORELLI & Erica FILIPPINI
La trouvaille monétaire de Bex-Sous-Vent (VD, Suisse): une nouvelle analyse,
by Yves MUHLEMANN
Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Städte des Ostens: ein Projekt derKommission f ür alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLLÉ
Plomos monetiformes con leyenda ibérica Baitolo, hallados en la ciudad romanade Baetulo (Hispania Tarraconensis), by Pepita PADRÓS MARTÍ, DanielVÁZQUEZ & Francesc ANTEQUERA
I denari serrati della repubblica romana: alcune considerazioni, by AndreaPANCOTTI & Patrizia CALABRIA
Monetary circulation in late antique Rome: a fifth-century context coming fromthe N.E. slope of the Palatine Hill. A preliminary report, by Giacomo PARDINI
Securitas e suoi attributi: lo sviluppo di una iconografia, by Rossella PERA
Could the unof ficial mint called ‘Atelier II’ be identified with the of ficinae ofChâteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON
794
800
809
816
822
828
839
846
856
864
872
878
888
893
901
906
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CONTENTS8
Coin finds from Elaiussa Sebaste (Cilicia Tracheia), by Annalisa POLOSA
El poblamiento romano en el área del Mar Menor (Ager Carthaginensis): unaaproximación a partir de los recientes hallazgos numismáticos, by AlfredoPORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Elvira NAVARRO SANTA-CRUZ
The presence of local deities on Roman Palestinian coins: reflections oncultural and religious interaction between Romans and local elites, by VagnerCarvalheiro PORTO
The male couple: iconography and semantics, by Mariangela PUGLISI
Countermarks on the Republican and Augustan brass coins in the south-easternAlps, by Andrej RANT
A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo
della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI
L’image du pouvoir impériale de Trajan et son évolution idéologique: étude desfrappes monétaires aux types d’Hercule, Jupiter et Soleil, by Laurent RICCARDI
The inflow of Roman coins to the east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia ( Mazowsze) andPodlachia ( Podlasie), by Andrzej ROMANOWSKI
Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,by Alessia ROVELLI
Communicating a consecratio: the deification coinage of Faustina I, by ClareROWAN
An alleged hoard of third-century Alexandrian tetradrachms, by Adriano SAVIO& Alessandro CAVAGNA
Some notes on religious embodiments in the coinage of Roman Syria andMesopotamia, by Philipp SCHWINGHAMMER
Roman provincial coins in the money circulation of the south-eastern Alpinearea and western Pannonia, by Andrej ŠEMROV
Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (1): introduzione, by Patrizia SERAFIN
Recenti rinvenimenti dal Tevere (2): la moneta di Vespasiano tra tradizione edinnovazione, by Alessandra SERRA
A hoard of denarii and early Roman Messene, by Kleanthis SIDIROPOULOS
911
916
926
933
941
954
964
973
983
991
999
1004
1013
1019
1020
1025
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CONTENTS 9
La ‘corona radiata’ sui ritratti dei bronzi imperiali alessandrini, by GiovanniMaria STAFFIERI
The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica inthe second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD
Monete della zecca di Frentrum, Larinum e Pallanum, by Napoleone STELLUTI
Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors – Greek imperialissues, by Yannis STOYAS
Les monnaies d’or d’Auguste: l’apport des analyses élémentaires et le problèmede l’atelier de N î mes, by Arnaud SUSPÈNE, Maryse BLET-LEMARQUAND &Michel AMANDRY
The popularity of the enthroned type of Asclepius on Peloponnesian coins of
imperial times, by Christina TSAGKALIA
Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. ScottVANHORN
Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., byDaniela WILLIAMS
Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA
Antiquity: Celtic
La moneda ibérica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior : consideraciones sobresu cronologí a y función, by Marta CAMPO
Les bronzes à la gueule de loup du Berry: essai de typochronologie, by PhilippeCHARNOTET
Les imitations de l’obole de Marseille de LTD1/LTD2A (IIe s. / Ier s. av. J.C.)entre les massifs des Alpes et du Jura, by Anne GEISER
Le monnayage à la légende TOGIRIX: une nouvelle approche, by Anne GEISER& Julia GENECHESI
Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armuña deTajuña, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLÈS
Données expérimentales sur la fabrication de quinaires gaulois fourrés, by Katherine GRUEL, Dominique LACOSTE, Carole FRARESSO, MichelPERNOT & François ALLIER
1037
1045
1056
1067
1073
1082
1092
1103
1115
1135
1142
1148
1155
1165
1173
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CONTENTS10
Pre-Roman coins from Sotin, by Mato ILKIĆ
Les monnaies gauloises trouvées à Paris, by Sté phane MARTIN
Die keltischen Münzen vom Oberleiserberg (Nieder österreich), by Jiři MILITKÝ
New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)and Rheinau (Switzerland) – a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,by Michael NICK
Le dépôt monétaire gaulois de Laniscat (Côtes-d’Armor): 547 monnaies de bastitre. Étude préliminaire, by Sylvia NIETO-PELLETIER, Bernard GRATUZE &Gérard AUBIN
Antiquity: general
La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. AR ÉVALOGONZÁLEZ
Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Münzen und Gemmen,by Angela BERTHOLD
Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by AlessandraBOTTARI
Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches toreading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL
The collection of ancient coins in the Ossoliński National Institute in Lvov(1828-1944), by Adam DEGLER
Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI
Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG project, by Marici Martins MAGALHÃES
La catalogazione delle emissioni di Commodo nel Codice Ligoriano, by RosaMaria NICOLAI
The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by Isabelle A. PAFFORD
Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at theUniversalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER
1182
1191
1198
1207
1218
1231
1240
1247
1254
1261
1266
1278
1292
1303
1310
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CONTENTS 11
Monete ed anelli: cronologia, tipologie, fruitori, by Claudia PERASSI
Il volume 21 delle Antichit á Romane di Pirro Ligorio ‘Libri delle Medaglie daCesare a Marco Aurelio Commodo’ , by Patrizia SERAFIN
Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the Çorum Museum, by D. ÖzlemYALCIN
Mediaeval and modern western (mediaeval)
The exchanges in the city of London, 1344-1358, by Martin ALLEN
Fribourg en Nuithonie: faciès monétaire d’une petite ville au centre de l’Europe,by Anne-Francine AUBERSON
Die Pegauer Brakteatenpr ägung Abt Siegfrieds von Rekkin (1185-1223):
Kriterien zu deren chronologischer Einordnung, by Jan-Erik BECKER
Die recutting in the eleventh-century Polish coinage, by Mateusz BOGUCKI
Le retour à l’or au treizième siècle: le cas de Montpellier (...1244-1246...), by Marc BOMPAIRE & Pierre-Joan BERNARD
Le monete a leggenda ΠAN e le emissioni arabo-bizantine. I dati dello scavo diAntinoupolis / El Sheikh Abada, by Daniele CASTRIZIO
Scavi di Privernum e Fossanova (Latina, Italia): monete tardoantiche,
medioevale e moderne, by Francesca CECI & Margherita CANCELLIERI
La aportación de los hallazgos monetarios a ‘la crisis del siglo XIV’ en Cataluña,by Maria CLUA I MERCADAL
Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE
Donative pennies in Viking-age Scandinavia?, by Fr édéric ELFVER
Carolingian capitularies as a source for the monetary history of the Frankishempire, by Hubert EMMERIG
Ulf Candidatus, by G. EMSØY
Münzen des Moskauer Grossf ürstentums. Das Geld von Dmitrij IvanowitschDonskoj (1359-1389) (ü ber die Ver öffentlichung der ersten Ausgabe des ‘Korpusder russischen Münzen des 14-15. Jhs.’), by P. GAIDUKOV & I. GRISHIN
1323
1334
1344
1355
1360
1372
1382
1392
1401
1408
1411
1418
1426
1431
1436
1441
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CONTENTS12
Brakteatenpr ägungen in Mähren in der zweiten Hälfte des dreizehntenJahrhunderts, by Dagmar GROSSMANNOVÁ Monetisation in medieval Scandinavia, by Svein H. GULLBEKK
A mancus apparently marked on behalf of King Offa: genuine or fake?, by Wolfgang HAHN
Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 1000-1250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON
Was pseudo-Byzantine coinage primarily of municipal origin?, by CharlieKARUKSTIS
Interpreting single finds in medieval England – the secondary lives of coins, byRichard KELLEHER
Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & MarcinWOŁOSZYN
Die fr üheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Münze?, by IvarLEIMUS
Coinage and money in the ‘years of insecurity’: the case of late ByzantineChalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS
Nota sulla circolazione monetaria tardoantica nel Lazio meridionale: i reperti di
S. Ilario ad bivium, by Flavia MARANI
The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and itsimplications, by Michael MATZKE
Ü berlegungen zum ‘Habsburger Urbar’ als Quelle f ür Währungsgeschichte, by Samuel NUSSBAUM
Schilling Kennisbergisch slages of Grand Master Louis of Ehrlichshausen, by Borys PASZKIEWICZ
Un diner de Jaime I el conquistador en el Mar Menor: evidencias de presenciaaragonesa en el Campo de Cartagena durante la Baja Edad Media, by Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ & Alfonso ROBLES FERNÁNDEZ
L’atelier de faux-monnayeur de Rovray (VD, Suisse), by Carine RAEMYTOURNELLE
1452
1458
1464
1470
1477
1492
1500
1509
1517
1535
1542
1552
1557
1564
1570
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CONTENTS 13
La ubicación de las casas de moneda en le Europa medieval. El caso del reino deLeón, by Antonio ROMA VALDÉS
New perspectives on Norwegian Viking-age hoards c. 1000: the Bore hoardrevisited, by Elina SCREEN
The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries inKlapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav ŠEPAROVIĆ
A model for the analysis of coins lost in Norwegian churches, by Christian J.SIMENSEN
A clippe from Femern, by Jørgen SØMOD
The convergence of coinages in the late medieval Low Countries, by PeterSPUFFORD
A perplexing hoard of Lusignan coins from Polis, Cyprus, by Alan M. STAHL,Gerald POIRIER & Nan YAO
OTTO / ODDO and ADELHEIDA / ATHALHET - onomatological aspectsof German coin types of the tenth and eleventh centuries, by SebastianSTEINBACH
Bulles de plomb et les monnaies en Pologne au XIIe siècle, by StanislawSUCHODOLSKI
Palaeologian coin findings of Kusadasi, Kadikalesi/Anaia and their reflections.by Ceren ÜNAL
The hoard of Tetí n (Czech Republic) in the light of currency conditions inthirteenth-century Bohemia, by Roman ZAORAL & Jiři MILITKÝ
The circulation of foreign coins in Poland in the fifteenth century, by MichalZAWADZKI
Mediaeval and modern Western (modern)
Die neuzeitliche Münzstätte im Schloss Haldenstein bei Chur Gr, Schweiz, by Rahel C. ACKERMANN
The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST
Four ducats coins of Franz Joseph I (1848-1916) of Austria: their use in jewellery and some hitherto unpublished imitations, by Aleksandar N. BRZIC
1580
1591
1597
1605
1614
1620
1625
1633
1640
1649
1664
1671
1679
1687
1693
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CONTENTS14
A king as Hercules in the modern Polish coinage, by Witold GARBAZCEWSKI
The monetary areas in Piedmont during the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries: astarting point for new investigations, by Luca GIANAZZA
Coin hoards in the United States, by John M. KLEEBERG
The transfer of minting techniques to Denmark in the nineteenth century, by Michael MÄRCHER
Patrimonio Numismático Iberoamericano: un proyecto del Museo Arqueológico Nacional, by Carmen MARCOS ALONSO & Paloma OTERO MORÁN
Moneda local durante la guerra civil española: billete emitido por elayuntamiento de San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, by Federico MARTÍNEZPASTOR & Alfredo PORRÚA MARTÍNEZ
Coins and monetary circulation in the Legnica-Brzeg duchy: rudimentary problems, by Robert PIE ŃKOWSKI
Representaciones del café en el acervo de numismática del Museu Paulista -USP , by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO
Freiburg im Üechtland und die Münzreformen der französischen K önige (1689-1726), by Nicole SCHACHER
La aparición de la marca de valor en la moneda valenciana, ¿1618 o 1640? Una
nueva hipótesis de trabajo, by Juan Antonio SENDRA IBÁÑEZ
Devotion and coin-relics in early modern Italy, by Lucia TRAVAINI
The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins fromJáchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by PetrVOREL
The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to theEnglish Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV
Oriental and African coinages
The meaning of the character寳 bao in the legends of Chinese cash coins, by Vladimir A. BELYAEV & Sergey V. SIDOROVICH
Three unpublished Indo-Sasanian coin hoards, Government Museum, Mathura,by Pratipal BHATIA
1704
1713
1719
1725
1734
1744
1748
1752
1758
1765
1774
1778
1783
1789
1796
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CONTENTS 15
Oriental coins in the Capitoline Museums (Rome): further researches onStanzani Collection history, by Arianna D’OTTONE
The king, the princes and the Raj, by Sanjay GARG
The first evidence of a mint at Miknāsa: two unpublished Almoravid coins, adirham and a dinar, of the year 494H/1100, by Tawfiq IBRAHIM
L’âge d’or de la numismatique en Chine: l’exemple du Catalogue des Monnaies Anciennes de Li Zuoxian, by Lyce JANKOWSKI
Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage.Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by Keiichiro KATO
The gold reform of Ghazan Khan, by Judith KOLBAS
A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER
Latest contributions to the numismatic history of Central Asia (late eighteenth –nineteenth century), by Vladimir NASTICH
Silver fragments of unique Būyid and Ḥamdānid coins and their role in the Kelč hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVÁK
Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde,
by A.V. PACHKALOV
Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVI e au XIXe siècles, by Josette RIVALLAIN
Les imitations des dirhems carrés almohades: apport des analyses élémentaires,by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND
À propos du monnayage de Kiến Phúc (1883-1884), by François THIERRY
Glass jetons from Sicily: new find evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato,by Christian WEISS
Medals
Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by Kathleen ADLER
1807
1813
1821
1826
1832
1841
1847
1852
1862
1869
1874
1884
1890
1897
1907
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CONTENTS16
Numismatic memorials of breeding trotting horses (based on the collection ofthe numismatic department of the Hermitage), by L.I. DOBROVOLSKAYA
De retrato a arquetipo: anotaciones sobre la difusión de la efigie de Juan VIIIPaleólogo en la peninsula Ibérica, by Albert ESTRADA-RIUS
Titon du Tillet e le medaglie del Parnasse François, by Paola GIOVETTI
Bedrohung und Schutz der Erde: Positionen zur Umweltproblematik in derdeutschen Medaillenkunst der Gegenwart, by Rainer GRUND
The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by JanPELSDONK
Twentieth-century British campaign medals: a continuation of the nineteenthcentury?, by Phyllis STODDART and Keith SUGDEN
‘Shines with unblemished honour’: some thoughts on an early nineteenth-century medal, by Tuukka TALVIO
General numismatics
Dall’iconografia delle monete antiche all’ideologia della nazione future. Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di D’Annunzio sulla nuova monetazione
Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO
Didaktisch-methodische Aspekte der Numismatik in der Schule, by Szymon
BERESKA
The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by François deCALLATAŸ
Le monete di Lorenzo il Magnifico in un manoscritto di Angelo Poliziano, by Fiorenzo CATALLI
Coinage and mapping, by Thomas FAUCHER
Classicism and coin collections in Brazil, by Maria Beatriz BorbaFLORENZANO
A prosopography of the mint of ficials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by Luca GIANAZZA
Elementary statistical methods in numismatic metrology, by DagmarGROSSMANNOVÁ & Jan T. STEFAN
1920
1931
1937
1945
1959
1965
1978
1985
1993
1999
2004
2012
2017
2022
2027
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CONTENTS 17
Les collections numismatiques du Musée archéologique de Dijon (France), byJacques MEISSONNIER
Bank of Greece: the numismatic collections, by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
Re-discovering coins: publication of the numismatic collections in Bulgarianmuseums – a new project, by Evgeni PAUNOV, Ilya PROKOPOV & SvetoslavaFILIPOVA
„Census of Ancient Coins Known in the Renaissance“, by Ulrike PETER
Le sel a servi de moyen d’échange, by J.A. SCHOONHEYT
The international numismatic library situation and the foundation of theInternational Numismatic Libraries’ Network (INLN), by Ans TER WOERDS
The Golden Fleece in Britain, by R.H. THOMPSON
Das Museum August Kestner in Hannover: Neues aus der Münzsammlung, by Simone VOGT
From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI
Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra PieridesCollection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU
Index of Contributors
2036
2044
2046
2047
2058
2072
2082
2089
2100
2102
2112
2118
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THE MALE COUPLE: ICONOGRAPHY AND SEMANTICS
MARIANGELA PUGLISI
Taking for granted the value of studying coin iconography and the influence, whether direct orindirect, of the political authority on typological choices,1 we examine and interpret the icono-
graphic development of living or historical characters (ancestors or divi), appearing in pairs on one
side of a coin or on both sides as portraits or whole figures.
During the late Republic we see an instrumental use of coin iconography by those who com-
peted for power or wished to promote themselves, inspired by the first personal portrait of a living
figure on a Roman coin,2 Caesar.
Sextus Pompeius appeared to exploit strongly the communicative power of coin iconography,
complying with the consolidated Roman tradition, but manipulating it for his interests, adopting,
for the first time on a coin, an historical double-portrait, daring to transform Janus’s bifrons into
that of his father, Pompeius Magnus.3 His marked self-promotional intentions are reflected even
more in another issue, depicting his own portrait and the heads of his dead father and brother (Pl.I, 1),4 a clear intention of dynastic self-assertion.
Soon after Caesar’s death, there began a sort of competition to ‘appropriate’ his memory also
in the field of coin images. In 43 BC Marcus Antonius5 (Pl. I, 2) - and also Octavianus6 (Pl. I, 3)
- struck aurei and denarii with their own portraits and the dictator’s face in order to highlight a
continuity of intents.
The alternating political relationships between Marc Anthony and Octavian are well reflected
on a series where the two colleagues appear for the first time together (41 BC) (Pl. I, 4)7. The rap-
port between Antonius and Octavianus reaches its climax in an issue (Pl. I, 5),8 where they appear
jugate in front of Octavia, respectively wife and sister, embodying the family relationship uniting
them. The same holds true for another coin, where the two triumvirs are joined in a bifrons (Pl. I,
6).9 Some years later Antonius is also represented with his son,10 destined for possible succession
in his father’s military role, so as to ratify Antonius’s intention publicly.
The peer representation of the triumvirs, as in the triple jugate portrait of Ephesus (Pl. I, 7),11
can be observed in some widespread issues where they are matched in pair between Obv. and Rev.12
Only Antonius13 and Octavianus14 - unlike Lepidus - display their personal relationship with
Caesar as a sort of ‘filiation’. Their self-depiction with him also enforced their role as persecutors
of Caesar’s murderers. On the other hand even Brutus issued some aurei with a double portrait of
himself and his heroic ancestor L. Iunius Brutus,15 the liberator from monarchy and first consul of
the Republic.
The person who most used Caesar’s image to legitimise himself was Octavianus, even when
he was already Augustus. This took place in a climate of iconographic experimentation, withthe aim of expressing abstract concepts corresponding to precise political values: to reaf firm the
1 See Wallace Hadrill 1986.
2 Some historical characters had already been depicted on coins, but
after their death (RRC 433/2; 434/1).
3 RRC 479/1.
4 RRC 511/1*.
5 RRC 488/1*.
6 RRC 490/2*.
7 RRC 517/1a*.
8 RPC I, 1463*.
9 RPC I, 1458*.
10 RRC 541/2.
11 RPC I, 2569*.
12 E.g. RRC 492/2; 495/2a; 517/1a.
13 RRC 488/2.
14 RRC 490/2.
15 RRC 506/1.
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MARIANGELA PUGLISI2
legitimate filiation from Caesar (Pl. I, 8),16 to show his governing style, which was also founded
on the presence of a substitute, someone who could take over in case of necessity, and to state his
expectations of dynastic perpetuation.
The transposition of Augustus’s intentions towards his son-in-law Agrippa to coin typolo-
gies seems systematic in various issues of precious metals struck in a short timespan, as a kind of
publicity campaign aimed at showing the functions shared by the two companions with analogous
or complementary roles. On the denarii of Platorinus (Pl. I, 9),17 Augustus and Agrippa are both
seated on a subsellium, a low seat used by the tribuni plebis, that seems to veil a peer power. The
relationship between them is reflected in Tacitus’s Annales, 18 where Agrippa is mentioned as ‘ so-
cius eius potestatis’ , while the role of the appointed successor is recalled by Flavio Giuseppe who
defines him ‘diadochos Kaisari’.19
We can find a close parallel in a contemporaneous issue with their portraits respectively on the
Obv. and the Rev. with similar features.20 A similar depiction shows them in their of ficial capacity
(Pl. I, 10):21 the former with a corona laurea, the latter with a rostral crown, showing a differentiation
of roles: peers, but distinct, wielding civil and military power. Also in another issue (Pl. I, 11),22 with
a reference to their censoria potestas (28 BC), a pendant with the tribunicia potestas expressed by
the typology of the subsellium, Agrippa and Augustus adopt the same standing position and clothing.It remains to be established whether the aim of these similar representations was to evoke the
Castores and their alternating government, as it would be for the other heirs designated by Augus-
tus, Gaius and Lucius Caesares,23 or to strengthen an idea of a putative filiation achieved thanks to
their family relationship, if we believe Augustus wished to present Agrippa as the one with whom
he would share his power and to whom he would entrust it after his own death.
In the year of Agrippa’s death his exaltation turns into commemoration.24 Agrippa’s celebra-
tion is conspicuous especially in the Roman Provincial coinage (Pl. I, 12)25 through his portrait
conjoined with the figure of Augustus in a sort of duality of power, which harks back to the double
of fice of the Republican consules.
A formal respect for Republican institutions, even if with some typological innovations, is
seen in the representation of the heirs chosen by Augustus, Agrippa’s sons Gaius and Lucius, oftendepicted in the same ways as we saw Augustus and Agrippa earlier. An of ficial presentation of the
heirs seems to be represented in the issue of 13 BC (Pl. I, 13);26 opposite Augustus’s head they
flank the portrait of their mother Julia, the source, as Augustus’s daughter, of legitimisation for her
husband Agrippa who, although absent from this coin, is implicitly evoked as the ‘bearer’ of politi-
cal power from Augustus to his still young children, the one who can ensure legitimate continuity
and act as a guarantee of stability. The two young Caesares, almost always seen as a couple (Pl.
I, 14),27 sometimes combined with Augustus’s head on the Obv. (Pl. II, 15),28 are named consules
designati, as also Agrippa earlier,29 or as principes iuventutis (2-1 BC - AD 11) (Pl. II, 16).30
When Augustus is compelled to choose Tiberius as his Caesar , due to the death of all the other
designated heirs, his position is made of ficial on coins mainly with his portrait opposed to that
16 Back-to-back portrait: RPC I, 515; confronted heads: RRC 534/2*;
statues: RPC I, 1650.
17 RIC I Augustus 406-407*. Puglisi forthcoming I.
18 Ann. 3,56,2.
19 Ant. Iud. 15,350.
20 RIC I, Augustus 408.
21 RIC I, Augustus 409; 414*.
22 RIC I, Augustus 400*.
23 Cass. Dio 55,9,9-10; Tac. Ann. 1,3.
24 Equestrian statue: RIC I, Augustus 412; Augustus crowning a statue of
Agrippa: 415 (Fraschetti 1990, p. 299-312: Agrippa, not Divus Iulius).
25 RPC I, 522-526*; 533; 942; 976; 2008; 2011; 2260.
26 RIC I, Augustus 404*.
27 RPC I ,212; 2118; 2428; 2564*; 2696.
28 RPC I, 107; 779; 1136; 2010A*.
29 RRC 234/2.
30 RIC I, Augustus 207*.
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THE MALE COUPLE: ICONOGRAPHY AND SEMANTICS 3
of Augustus,31 as the previous Caesares and in the same way as Agrippa Postumus,32 last son of
Agrippa, when he was appointed Caesar . The same scheme reproduces the immediate relation-
ship between the figure of Tiberius once he had become Augustus, and his direct predecessor,
the Divus Augustus,33 renewing the tradition introduced by Antonius and Octavianus towards the
Divus Iulius.
Tiberius uses Augustan schemes to present his heirs, also in this case a couple, ready to take
his place in case of need. Some new typologies appear, such as the two Caesares standing with
spears (Pl. II, 17),34 a more or less veiled reference to the Dioscuri, the inspiration for an idea of
diarchic power. We find also the first appearance of the two Caesar s seated on sellae curules as
peers, being both consules, the emblematic magistracy of Republican regime symbolised in fact
by the presence of the curule chair (Pl. II, 18).35
A sort of programmatic declaration of succession characterises one of the first issues struck by
Vespasianus: he appears on the Obv., while on the Rev. we can see his two sons Titus and Domi-
tianus seated side by side on sellae curules, mentioned in the legend as CAESARES PRINcipes
IVVENtutis,36 to ratify their role as designated heirs.
Common under the Flavians is the adoption of numerous Augustean iconographic schemes or
those derived from Tiberius’s coinage (Pl. II, 19, 20),37
often with a hierarchical differentiation between the two brothers, which reflects a difference of age and perhaps of roles.
If Hadrian was not in time to depict Antoninus Pius with him on his issues, unlike the first
designated Caesar , Aelius,38 Antoninus Pius abundantly used the opportunity offered by the coins
to show, insistently, the choice of the adoption of Marcus Aurelius.39
A peer relationship is expressed by the numerous joint issues in the names of Marcus Aurelius
and Lucius Verus: their double-representation and interchangeability reflects their double govern-
ing role of co-Augusti (Pl. II, 21);40 in a scene of liberalitas both the Emperors are represented
identically on sellae curules, 41 unlike the scene with Antoninus and his hierarchically differenti-
ated Caesar . The dynastic intentions of Marcus Aurelius focused on Commodus42 once a dual
succession became impossible owing to the death of Commodus’s twin and then of their younger
brother Annius Verus.43 Even clearer is the programmatic message of succession conveyed by Severan issues through
various schemes, sometimes derived from the past, in other cases without any forerunners (Pl.
II, 22, 23).44
During the third century various Emperors continue to depict themselves with these codified
schemes as in the scene of liberalitas associating the Augustus with the co-governor or the Caesar
or Caesar s of different proportions to express their different hierarchical roles.45 On the other hand
the two Emperors Diocletianus and Maximianus Herculius, seated on sellae curules or standing
31 RIC I, Augustus 226.
32 RPC I, 1141.
33 RIC I, Tiberius 23.
34 RPC I, 68*.
35 RPC I, 342*; Puglisi 2004.
36 RIC II, Vespasian 23; on sellae curules: BMCRE II, pl 31.9.
37 Portraits: RIC II, Vespasian 283*; jugate: RPC II, 992; togati: RIC II,
Vespasian 331; with spears: 413; horsemen: 292*.
38 RIC II, Hadrian 987.
39 E.g. portraits: RPC Online 5850 II; confronted heads: 2370; togati:
14846; portrait and horseman: 14911; on sellae curules: BMCRE IV, pl. 30.6.
40 E.g. portraits: SNG von Aulock 761; confronted heads: SNG Levante
846; clasping hands: RIC III, M. Aurelius 1282; portrait and horseman: 477.
41 RIC III, M. Aurelius 946.
42 E.g. portraits: RIC III, M. Aurelius 336a; confronted heads: RPC
Online 6417; clasping hands: 14425*; portrait and horseman: 6419.
43 SNG Levante 1018.
44 E.g. the whole family: RIC IV.1, Septimius Severus 181b*; confronted
heads: 252; on sellae curules: 279; three horsemen: 305*.
45 On sellae curules or as portraits: Macrinus and Diadumenianus:
BMCRE V, pl. 80.9; SNG von Aulock 6498; Balbinus, Pupienus and
Gordianus III: BMCRE VI, pl. 43.13; SNG Levante 1117; Philip I and
II: RIC IV.3, Philip I 229; 230; Traianus Decius, Herennius Etruscus
and Hostilianus Caesars: SNG Levante 1497; SNG von Aulock 5112;
Valerianus and Gallienus with Valerianus II: RIC V.1, pl. X.162; SNG von
Aulock 721.
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MARIANGELA PUGLISI4
46 E.g. portraits: RIC VI, pl. 3.146b; Emperors riding: pl. 6.1; on sellae
curules: RIC V.2, pl. XII.15*.
47 RIC V.2, pl. XVIII.12*.
48 RIC VII, pl. 24.70.
49 RIC VII, pl. XVIII.44*. Puglisi forthcoming II.
50 Constantinus II, Constatius II, Constans I: RIC VIII, pl. 15.18A;
Arcadius and Honorius: RIC X, pl. 34.1207*.
51 Dioscuri: RRC 307/1a; Penates: 312/1; kings: 346/1a.
52 SNG Cop. Ptol., 133.
53 Traditionally Roman: RRC 14/1; 28/3; 35/1.
and clasping hands (Pl. II, 24),46 hint at a peer role, as the absence of any differentiation between
them in their joint portraits confirms.
Intentionally ‘conciliatory’ is the unof ficial representation of the usurper Carausius, shown as
a peer jugate with Maximianus and Diocletianus (Pl. II, 25),47 the authorised holders of power.
This is a case of ‘false’ propaganda, depicting a situation not corresponding to reality.
Constantinus uses his own portrait associated on the Rev. with his Caesars with an evident
hierarchic differentiation.48 The self-representation on the sella curulis, of Republican memory,
of the Emperor alone or accompanied by Caesar s or co- Augusti, ceases with Constantinus, as the
Augustus’ s seat changes to become the royal throne (Pl. II, 26),49 once exclusive to deities, and
never used by a living person, since it smacked of autocratic power. This new iconography would
soon also be adopted to express a shared power with one or two heirs (Pl. II, 27).50
Thanks to our diachronic examination of the male couple on Roman coinage, we have identi-
fied some main iconic schemes, clear iconographical topoi, often with variants, but generally em-
bodying different nuances of the Republican idea of duality, that begins with the representation on
the same coin of two portraits, of Antonius and Iulius Caesar or of Octavianus and Iulius Caesar,
also adopted by the triumvirs, two by two, and incisively by Augustus and Agrippa.
The use of the two portraits en pendant on the two sides of a coin soon became established,representing a constant on Roman coins, especially in two cases: either to depict the Emperor and
the Caesar or Caesares, when a couple of successors had been designated, or to show a certain
legitimate descent or to show the Emperor and the Divus, often the ‘progenitor’ Augustus, in a sort
of search of legitimisation from a historical ‘popular’ character of the past, as the Diadochs did
with Alexander’s portrait or the Ptolemies with the first of the dynasty.
Another type of parallel is set up with two jugate heads with a double profile, as in some Re-
publican issues51 on the Ptolemaic model.52
More frequently we find two confronted heads facing each other, a very common type through-
out the Empire, above all to represent the two Caesar s, often conjoined with the Emperor’s head
on the other side of the coin.
The Augustan representation of two heads back to back, used both for Augustus and the Divus Iulius and for Augustus and Agrippa, did not continue afterwards.
Even rarer is the presence of the male bifrons,53 limited, as far as concerns living characters, to
the single case of Octavianus and Antonius.
In the depiction of two characters on the same coin, the choice of a seat seems very important
in representing the idea of power. The prevailing scheme consists of the Caesar s or the Emperor
with the heir or the heirs seated on sellae curules in their role as consules, preferably during cel-
ebrations of liberalitas, acts of generosity to the community, where the characters are depicted
as peers in the same position and with the same pose, to underline their similar role, symbolised
by the curule chairs, in the same manner as the subsellium of Augustus and Agrippa denoted the
equal dignity of their of fice of tribuni plebis, and as the solium represented the autocratic power
assumed by Constantinus for the first time, the throne that soon after would again be extended to
make room for the heirs.
The standing male couples are usually the two Caesar s introduced to the public during public
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THE MALE COUPLE: ICONOGRAPHY AND SEMANTICS 5
ceremonies, as in the case of Gaius and Lucius consules designati, following the example of Au-
gustus and Agrippa togati as censores expressing the idea of duality.
In the codification of the majority of these coin images, a fundamental role was played by
Augustus who, deriving signs and symbols both from the Hellenistic world and from Republican
imagery, readapted them to the new reality of the Principatus, with the consequence that - as we
have ascertained - many of his typological choices became iconographical topoi.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BMCRE = Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum.
BMCRE II = Mattingly, H. (19662), II, London.
BMCRE IV.2 = Mattingly, H. (19682), IV.2, London.
BMCRE V.1 = Carson, R. – Hill, P. (1950), V.1, London.
BMCRE VI = Carson, R. (1962), VI, London.
Fraschetti, A. (20052), Roma e il principe, Roma-Bari.
Puglisi, M. (2004), ‘Origine e tradizione iconica di un’immagine monetale: proposta di struttura-
zione di un lemma. La sella curulis’, in: Travaini, L. / Bolis, A. (eds.), L’immaginario e il potere
nell’iconogra fia monetale, Milano, pp. 55-78.
Puglisi, M. (forthcoming I), ‘Il seggio e l’ideologia “diarchica”. Da Augusto e Agrippa alla fine
dell’Impero’, in: Tyrannis, Basileia, Imperium, Giornate seminariali in onore di Sebastiana N.
Consolo Langher , Messina.
Puglisi, M. (forthcoming II), ‘La semantica del trono. L’età romana: dalla Repubblica al tardo-
Impero’, in: Prea, R. (ed.), Atti del Secondo Incontro Internazionale di Studio del Lexicon Icono- graphicum Numismaticae, Genova.
RIC = Roman Imperial Coinage.
RIC I2 = Sutherland, C. (19842), I, London.
RIC II = Mattingly, H. / Sydenham, E. (1962), II, London.
RIC III2 = Mattingly, H. / Sydenham, E. (19972), III, London.
RIC IV.1 = Mattingly, H. / Sydenham, E. (1962), IV.1, London.
RIC IV.3 = Mattingly, H. / Sydenham, E. / C. Sutherland (1949), IV.3, London.
RIC V = Mattingly, H. / Sydenham, E. / Webb, P. (1962), V.1-2, London.
RIC VI = Sutherland, C. / Carson, R. (1967), VI, London.
RIC VII = Sutherland, C. / Carson, R. (1966), VII, London.
RIC VIII = Sutherland, C. / Carson, R. (1981), VIII, London.
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MARIANGELA PUGLISI6
RIC X = Carson, R. / Kent, J. / Burnett, A. (1994), X, London.
RPC = Roman Provincial Coinage.
RPC I = Burnett, A. / Amandry, M. / Ripolles, P.P. (1992), I, London-Paris.
RPC II = Burnett, A. / Amandry, M. / Carradice, I. (1999), II, London-Paris.
RPC Online = http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
RRC = Crawford, M. (1974), Roman Republican Coinage, I-II, Cambridge.
SNG Cop. Ptol. = SNG Copenhagen. The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals. Danish National
Museum. The Ptolemies, Munskgaard-Copenhagen 1977.
SNG Levante = SNG Switzerland I. Levante-Cilicia, Berne 1986.
SNG von Aulock = SNG Berlin. Sammlung Hans von Aulock , Berlin 1957-1986.
Wallace Hadrill A. (1986), ‘Image and authority in the coinage of Augustus’, JRS 76, pp. 66-87.
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PLATE I
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
10.
9. 11.
13.12. 14.
NB. The bibliographical references to the illustrations appear marked by an asterisk in the footnotes.
The coins are not shown at their actual size, in order to highlight the iconographic details.
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8/20/2019 The male couple : iconography and semantics / Mariangela Puglisi
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Plate II
15.16. 17.
19.
18. 20.
22.
21. 23.
24. 25. 26. 27.
NB. The bibliographical references to the illustrations appear marked by an asterisk in the footnotes.
The coins are not shown at their actual size, in order to highlight the iconographic details.