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The major transitions (JMS & ES, 1995)
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* These transitions are regarded to be ‘difficult’
Three interwoven processes
• Note the different time-scales involved• Cultural transmission: language transmits itself as
well as other things• A novel inheritance system
Challenges: a simple experiment (Hauser & Fitch)
• Habituation experiments• Finite state grammar
(AB)n is recognizable by tamarins
• Phrase structure grammar AnBn is NOT.
• Human students recognize both
BUT: Recursive syntactic pattern learning in birds!
• European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) accurately recognize recursive syntactic patterns
• They are able to exlude agrammatical forms• Centre-embedding is not uniquely human
Patterns are made up of naturally occurring vocal patterns
• Learning to classify by operant conditioning• This is NOT production!
Theories/Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6
Language as a mental tool (Jerison, 1991; Burling, 1993) + + - + - -Grooming hypothesis (Dunbar, 1998) - + - - - -Gossip (Power, 1998) + - - + - -Tool making (Greenfield, 1991) + + + + + -Mating contract (Deacon, 1997) - - - - - -Sexual selection (Miller, 2000) + - - - - -Status for information (Dessalles, 2000) + - - + - -Song hypothesis (Vaneechoutte & Skoyles, 1998) - - - - - +Group bonding/ ritual (Knight, 1998) - + - - - -Gestural theory (Hewes, 1973) + - + + - -Hunting theories (Washburn & Lanchester, 1968) + + + + - -
(1) selective advantage (2) honesty (3) grounded in reality (4) power of generalisations (5) cognitive abilities (6) uniqueness
The evolutionary approachgenes
development
behaviour
selection
learning
environmentImpact of evolution on the developmental genetics of the brain!
ECAgents: project founded by the Future and Emerging Technologies program (IST-FET) of the European Community under EU R&D contract IST1940.
Software architecture
519 classes
99267 lines of C++ code
ECAgents: project founded by the Future and Emerging Technologies program (IST-FET) of the European Community under EU R&D contract IST1940.
Population dynamics and agent lifecycle
ECAgents: project founded by the Future and Emerging Technologies program (IST-FET) of the European Community under EU R&D contract IST1940.
Ontogenesis of a neuronal network
ECAgents: project founded by the Future and Emerging Technologies program (IST-FET) of the European Community under EU R&D contract IST1940.
-1/1
Population
Environment
A Coordination Game
Speaker Listener
Decision
Signal
Decision
Different types of gameDifferent types of game
Coodination game (Coop)Coodination game (Coop) Division of Labour (Div)Division of Labour (Div) Prisoners’ dilemma (PD)Prisoners’ dilemma (PD) Hawk- Dove game (SD)Hawk- Dove game (SD)
Environment -1 Environment 1
Coop (-1) Coop (1)
Div Div
PD (-1) PD (1)
SD (-1) SD (1)
PD (-1) Coop (-1)
PD (-1) CoopRev (1)
SD (-1) Coop (-1)
SD (-1) CoopRev (1)
D(1) D(-1)
D(1) 1 5
D(-1) 0 3
D(1) D(-1)
D(1) -1 5
D(-1) 0 3
D(1) D(-1)
D(1) 0 5
D(-1) 5 0
D(1) D(-1)
D(1) 5 1
D(-1) 0 0
Coodination gameCoodination game Division of LabourDivision of Labour Prisoners’ dilemmaPrisoners’ dilemma Hawk - Dove gameHawk - Dove game