the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or

t.me/shanawithu

t.me/civilcentric :Brother Mentor Contact No:9500833976

➢ Vellore district is one of the 38 districts in the Tamil

Nadu. It is one of the eleven districts that form the north

region of Tamil Nadu.

➢ Vellore city is the headquarters of this district.

➢ The Government of India recently included Vellore city

in its prestigious smart city project, along with 26 other

cities.

➢ The name is said to have originated from Vel which is

the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or

'Velayudayaan' (one who bears the spear).

➢ The word then literally means - The place of Murugan.

The name Vellore is derived from the Tamil words Vel +

uur meaning City of Spears.

➢ It is considered one of the oldest cities in South India

and lies on the banks of the Palar River on the site of

Vellore Fort.

➢ Vellore is a major transit point for travelers, a hub for

medical tourism and is emerging as a tourist hot spot.

➢ Vellore was once the capital city of the Vijayanagar

Empire during 1606-1672.

t.me/shanawithu


HISTORY:

➢ The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth

Century,as seen from a Chola inscription in

the Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai.

➢ Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore

throughout its history, including the Pallava

dynasty, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Vijayanagar,

the Rashtrakuta dynasty, the Sambuvaraya chieftains,

the Nawabs of the Carnatic, and the administration of

the British.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Tondaimandalam was an ancient division of Tamil

country comprising roughly the present Kanchipuram

district, Chennai district, Tiruvallur district, Vellore

district and Tiruvannamalai district.

➢ A four-and-a-half feet tall stone slab with inscriptions in Sanskrit and Tamil, believed to be dating back to the Pallava dynasty, has been unearthed by labourers at a village Thipasamudram in Tamil Nadu.

➢ Department of Archaeologist and researcher at Vellore Fort Museum, said that the stone slab might be as old as the Pallava period.

➢ The Pallava dynasty ruled several parts of present day Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh for about 500 years from fourth century to ninth century.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

➢ Vellore district lies between 12degree 15 inch to 13

degree 15inch North latitudes and 78 degree 20 inch to

79 degree 50inch East longitudes in Tamil Nadu state.

➢ Altitude of vellore is about 708 Feet above the sea level.

➢ The geographical area of this district is 5920.18 sq.km.

t.me/shanawithu


Main River: Palar River:

Drainage pattern of Palar river.

➢ Palar river in southern India. It rises near

the Ponnaiyar River, southwest of Chintamani,

in Karnataka state, and flows 183 miles (295 km)

t.me/shanawithu


southeastward through Tamil Nadu state to the Bay of

Bengal, south of Chennai (Madras). Its major tributaries

are the Ponnai and Cheyyar rivers.

➢ The largest communities along its banks

are Vellore, Arcot, and Chengalpattu.

CLIMATE:

➢ Temperature ranges from as low as 10°C in the winter

months of December–February to even 43°C in the

summer months of April–June.

➢ It is essentially a dry climate, rainy and humid only at

the times of the two monsoons: June–August and

October–December.

Language spoken in the District:

❖ Tamil

❖ Telugu

❖ Urdu

❖ Hindi

❖ Kannada

❖ Sowrashtra

❖ Malayalam

t.me/shanawithu


DEMOGRAPHY:

AS PER 2019 AND 2020.

Human development indicators:

➢ Tamil Nadu Government first Human Development

Report was published in the year 2003.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ The report was prepared by State planning commission

with the support of the union planning commission and

the UNDP.

➢ The preparation of HDR has been an initiative of the

government of Tamilnadu supported by the UNDP and

the NITI Aayog.

❖ In Gender inequality index vellore placed in 3rd Rank.

❖ In Child development index vellore placed 29th Rank.

Sex ratio and Literacy :

Sex Ratio (Per 1000)

1007

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age)

944

Average Literacy 79.17

Male Literacy 86.50

Female Literacy 71.95

Politics in Vellore District:

t.me/shanawithu


DMDK , DMK , AIADMK , INC , PMK are the major

political parties in Vellore District.

Collectorate:

➢ The Collectorate play a pivotal role in the District

administration.

➢ Collector in the Cadre of I.A.S heads the District.

➢ He acts as the District Magistrate for maintaining Law

and Order in his jurisdiction.

➢ He deals mainly with planning and development, law

and order, general elections, arms licensing etc.

City corporation:

In 2008, the 142 year–old municipalities were made a

City Corporation.

t.me/shanawithu


IMPORTANT TOURIST PLACES IN VELLORE:

Vellore fort map

Vellore Fort:

➢ As per the inscriptions, the chieftains of the Vijayanagar

Empire Vellore Fort was built by Chinna Bommi Reddy

and Thimma reddy Nayak, subordinate chieftains

under Sadasiva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire

around the middle of the 16th century.

➢ Vellore Fort is where the first rebellion against the

British had happened.

➢ Due to the scale of the revolt of 1857, it is considered to

be the first revolt.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ There is a temple, a church, a mosque and Tamil Nadu's

oldest police training centre inside the fort.

➢ The temple situated in the fort is called Jalakanteswarar

Temple.

✓ Inside the temple an escape tunnel leading to

Virinjipuram about 12 km (7.5 mi) away,

which could be used by the king and other

royals in the event of an attack.

➢ The church inside the fort was constructed during the

early British period (Robert Clive, East Indian

Company).

➢ Muthu Mandapam is a memorial built around the

tombstone of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, the last ruler of Sri

Lanka.

➢ In 1981 the Post and Telegraph Department of

India released a stamp commemorating the fort, and in

July 2006 a stamp marking the 200th anniversary of the

Mutiny was released.

t.me/shanawithu


Stamp released for 200th anniversary of the mutiny.

Entrance to vellore fort. Moat around the fort walls

t.me/shanawithu


Gun firing holes Old buildings within the fort.

➢ This 16th-century fort was opened up to tourists and is

now maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.

➢ During British rule, the Tipu Sultan's family and the

last king of Sri Lanka, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha were held

as prisoners in the fort. It is also a witness to the

massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Sriranga

Raya.

➢ Tipu and Hyder Mahal are 2 individual palaces located

inside the fort of Vellore.

➢ They belong to Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali. Tipu Mahal is

said to be the place where Tipu Sultan, along with his

family, resided during the rebellion against the British

powers.

➢ Tipu Mahal houses over 150 rooms, whereas, Hyder

Mahal houses more than 200 rooms. All rooms in both

palaces reflect the lavish lifestyle led by Tipu Sultan and

Hyder Ali.

t.me/shanawithu


Monument in the honour of the first mutiny in 1806 at vellore.

➢ This fort changed hands between the different dynasties the temple suffered majorly during the Muslim invasion and was almost destroyed.

➢ The temple structure was heavily repaired by ASI (Archeological Survey of India) in 1921, it was only in 1981 that controversially regular puja started back in this temple.

t.me/shanawithu


Jalagandeeswarar Temple

Jalagandeeswarar Temple – Exquisite Stone Carvings

ST. JOHN’S CHURCH – VELLORE FORT:

➢ The church was built by the British during their reign in the year 1846 since by then this fort had turned into a garrison of the East India Company and later by the British Empire.

➢ Initially, there were chapels and other prayer rooms inside the fort but due to the gradual increase in the European population a church was built inside the fort.

t.me/shanawithu


CHURCH INSIDE THE FORT

MOSQUE:

Built in the year 1750 the mosque is actually named Nawab Chanda Sahib Mosque. Like the Jalagandeeswarar Temple, this mosque was also under ASI and was also renovated by them.

t.me/shanawithu


Nawab Chanda Sahib Mosque

Government Museum, Vellore:

➢ Government Museum, Vellore is situated within the

premises of the historical vellore fort.

➢ This museum was established in the year 1985 as the

6th district Museum to impart knowledge about

erstwhile North Arcot District (Present Vellore &

Thiruvannamalai) and its Significance.

➢ Both the Districts have rich flora and fauna and cultural

heritage.

➢ These Museum have a vast collection of artefacts from

this area from the various periods. You can see stone

sculptors, cannon balls, weapons etc.

t.me/shanawithu


Original Vellore Fort Cannons Outside ASI Museum

Some of the Collections at Government Museum

➢ In vellore fort the Government ordered opening of a

temporary training school at Vellore for Inspectors. -

1896.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ The Police Training School at Vellore was made a

permanent institution and called Police Training College

1902- 1905.

Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple:

t.me/shanawithu


t.me/shanawithu


The golden temple of Sripuram is a spiritual park situated at

the foot of a small range of green hills in a place called

“Malaikodi” which is situated in the state of Tamil Nadu,

Temple construction:

➢ The temple has been built on 100 acres of land. It has

been designed by a Vellore-based architect, Sri.

Narayani Peedam.

➢ Narayani temple holds the crown of world’s largest

Golden Temple.

➢ The forehead or crown of the Temple has some of the

most intricate designs ever seen in the Indian

construction.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ It is carved with complex art forms in gold and silver.

The development of this awe-inspiring forehead was

completed on 24th August 2007.

➢ About 1.5 tonne of gold was purchased for the

project through Minerals and Metal Trading

Corporation in Chennai after getting clearance from the

Reserve Bank of India,

➢ It has a rajagopuram, resembling the Tirupati temple,

with 36 pillars around it.

➢ The crown of Sri Lakshmi Golden Temple is called

“Vimanam” or “Ardha Mandapam”. This crown is one

of the biggest temple crown in the history of

architecture.

Temple shape:

➢ Sri Lakshmi Golden Temple has been built in the center

of a star-shaped path so that it absorbs a lot of positive

energy from nature.

➢ This star-shaped path is called “Sri Chakra”. The path to

the temple stretches for around 1.8 km.

➢ The Vellore Golden Temple history elucidates that this

location is a source of peace, tranquility and relaxation

for the devotees.

➢ It is believed that ardent devotees who walk through

this star-shaped path are blessed to read the messages

t.me/shanawithu


of justice and truth which allow them to transform into

powerful and supreme creatures.

➢ The traditional Vedic architecture of the temple

showcases significant details from the Vedas, the

knowledge texts of the ancient India.

➢ The Annapoorani Mandapam or dining hall is where

about 10,000 devotees are served delicious vegetarian

meals on fresh banana leaves at the Golden Temple of

Sripuram.

➢ Temple runs several projects for social welfare,

including zero-waste management program, free

public distribution of drinking water, blood

donation camps, free coaching classes to the poor

students, scholarship program, tribal community

education, Sri Narayani Vidyalaya, and Sri Narayani

Hospital and Research Center.

➢ Among the projects, Sri Narayani Kala Peedam provides

the platform to promote different cultural forms

including art, music and dance.

t.me/shanawithu


Amirthi Zoological park:

Amirthi Zoological Waterfalls are situated in the

premises of Amirthi Zoological Park in Vellore near the

place is enchanting to look at, owing to the natural

beauty and clear water cascading from a height. The

waterfalls can be reached through a trek of 1.5 kms.

VAINU BAPPU OBSERVATORY / KAVALUR

OBSERVATORY:

➢ The Vainu Bappu Observatory is located about 175 km

south-east of Bangalore, and about 200 km south-west

of Chennai (formerly Madras).

➢ Latitude : 12° 34'

➢ Longitude : +78° 50'

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Altitude : ~750m

➢ Local Time : Indian Standard Time (IST) : IST = GMT +

05 30hrs

➢ The Vainu Bappu Observatory is an astronomical

observatory owned and operated by Indian Institute of

Astrophysics.

➢ It is located at Kavalur in the Javadi hills near

Vaniyambadi in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu.

➢ The observatory traces its origin back to the year 1786

when William Petrie set up his private observatory at

his garden house at Egmore, Madras, which eventually

came to be known as the Madras Observatory.

➢ Later it was moved over to Kodaikanal and functioned

there as the Kodaikanal Observatory since 1899. M.K.

Vainu Bappu who took over as the Director of the

Kodaikanal Observatory in 1960, found a sleepy little

hamlet called Kavalur in the Javadu Hills as a suitable

site for establishing optical telescopes for observing the

celestial objects.

➢ This came to be known as Kavalur Observatory. Later,

the name was changed to Indian Institute of

Astrophysics.

➢ The night sky can be seen through the 15cm telescope

on every Saturday from 7 PM to 10 PM, if the sky is

clear.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ The Kavalur Observatory is located in a 100 acre forest

land. The observatory houses a number of optical

telescopes, including currently India's largest optical

telescope the 2.3m Vainu Bappu telescope, 1.3 meter J.C

Bhattacharya telescope, 1m Carl Zeiss Telescope and

many other smaller ones.

➢ Apart from the Telescopes, there is also a Fabry-Perot

Interferometer which is being used to study airglow

emissions from the Earth's thermosphere. The

observatory is situated at an altitude of 725m. Several

varieties of plants, some wildlife and different birds are

spotted in the campus.

AGRICULTURE IN VELLORE:

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Agriculture is the prime driving force for food

security, rural economy and sustainable socio-

economic development of farmers.

➢ Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is the largest

livelihood provider particularly in rural areas.

➢ Vellore district ranks 7th place in area of the State

with a total geographical area of 5.92 Lakh Hectare and with Net Cultivated Area of 1.74 Lakh Hectare.

➢ Paddy, Millets Cholam, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize, Pulses like Redgram, Blackgram, Greengram, Oilseeds like Groundnut, other crops Sugarcane and cotton are cultivated predominantly in Vellore District.

t.me/shanawithu


Paddy: ➢ Paddy, which is the staple food crop of Tamil Nadu is

extensively cultivated in Vellore District in a normal area of 42, 900 Ha.

➢ And it is cultivated in three major seasons viz., Sornavari (Apr – July), Samba (Aug – Nov) and Navarai (Dec – Mar).

Pulses: ➢ Pulses are a remunerative crop that enables the farmers

to fetch higher income. ➢ In Vellore, pulses is raised in a normal area of 30,000

Hectares of which redgram occupies major area followed by horse gram, black gram, green gram.

Organic Farming: ➢ To promote organic farming through cluster

approach under Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of certification, Paramparagat Krishi

t.me/shanawithu


Vikas Yojana (PKVY), a three year scheme of National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is implemented.

➢ The financial assistance was extended for mobilization of farmers, capacity building, and procurement of organic inputs and establishment of organic input production units.

➢ 4 Clusters in Alangayam Block of Vellore district has been adopted for conversion to organic farming through Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).

Nannilam Organic Farm: ➢ Nannilam Organic Farm is a new concept in eco-friendly

tourism for people that do not want to be “tourists” or even “travelers”.

➢ It is meant for those select few who wants to actually understand our country, way of life and culture in a true, authentic way, that not only have a negative impact to the surrounding land and people, but actually gives back to the local families and improves the lands that help us in our efforts.

t.me/shanawithu


RAINFALL: ➢ With distinct periods of rainfall and distribution

pattern, Vellore is entirely dependent on monsoon rains for recharging its water resources and thereby, monsoon failures lead to acute water scarcity and severe drought.

➢ The average annual rainfall of the District is around 971.1 mm distributed at ❖ 39.8 mm during Winter (January – February),

106.6 in Summer (March – May), ❖ 439.1 in South-West Monsoon (June – September) ❖ 385.6 in North-East Monsoon (October –

December).

Infrastructure facilities:

SOIL TESTING LABORATORY, VELLORE ➢ This laboratory is functioning at Melalathur as head

Headquarters from 1966. ➢ Based on soil analysis suggestions are given with

fertilizer recommendations for major crops grown in the particular village/block.

➢ The quality of irrigation water are analysed in detail and recommendations are given for selecting suitable crops in problematic waters.

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Conducting soil test awareness campaigns in villages to create awareness among farmers regarding usefulness of soil testing and better use of fertilizers.

PESTICIDE TESTING LABORATORY: ➢ Pesticide Testing Laboratory, Vellore was started in the

year 2009. ➢ Objective of the Pesticide Testing Laboratory is to make

availability of Standard Pesticides, Weedicides, Fungicides according to the Insecticides Act 1968 and to eradicate the sales and availability of spurious and non standard pesticides in the market.

LIQUID BIO-FERTILIZER PRODUCTION UNIT: ➢ In Vellore District, one Liquid Bio-Fertilizer Production

Unit was established in Natham Village of Gudiyatham Block under NADP Scheme during August 2017.

➢ The Unit produces Liquid Bio – Fertilizers of Azospirillum for Paddy and other crops, Rhizobium for Pulses and Groundnut and Phosphobacteria and distribute the same to Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts.

SEED PROCESSING UNITS: There are three Government Seed Processing Units and

four Private Seed Processing Units functioning in Vellore district.

t.me/shanawithu


Government SPUs: ➢ Avarakarai ( Walaja block) ➢ Kalpudur(Katpadi block) ➢ Nemili (Nemili block)

Private SPUs: ➢ Koorambadi (Arcot Block) ➢ Sirukarumbur ( Kaveripakkam block) ➢ Nemili ( Nemili block) ➢ Kalavai ( Thimiri block)

FARMERS TRAINING CENTRE: The Farmers Training Centre mainly aims to impart the

skill Demonstration and Training to the conveners and farmers on new crop varieties, new agronomic practices, Integrated nutrient management, Integrated pest management, Horticultural crop production, Quality seed production, Agricultural marketing technologists, Agri-Engineering technologists, Silk worm rearing, Agro forestry, Live stock rearing & Organic farming.

Forest cover:

The total covered under the forest in the district is 1813

sq.km.which is 29% of the total geographical area.

Economy:

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Vellore has a diversified economy, primarily based

in leather processing, shoe manufacturing, automobile

assembly, precision tool milling, explosive materials

production, and the service industry.

➢ The SIDCO and SIPCOT industrial parks, all vital in the

Vellore economy, are located in Katpadi, Ranipet,

Mukundarayapuram, Vannivedu, and Arakkonam.

Clusters of leather factories are located

in Ambur, Melvisharam, Vaniyambadi, and Ranipet.

➢ Future developments include an electronics

manufacturing cluster (EMC) and leather and

information technology special economic zones.

Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC):

➢ On 18 January 2014, the Brownfield Electronics

Manufacturing Cluster (EMC) cluster was approved,

making Vellore the first region in Tamil Nadu to develop

such a cluster.

Economic, Social AND Cultural Changes in Vellore in the

20th Century:

➢ The economic condition of the district in the earlier

stages was not very sound , in the absence of the major

industries..

t.me/shanawithu


➢ Besides there has been marked growth of small scale

industries and Tanneries in the district.

➢ This industrial activity has not only generated employm

ent opportunities , but also contributed. Uzhavar to

economic growth the recently introduced ./ Uzhavar

Sandhai., for instance has benefited the rural poor

giving much needed thrust to the economic.

➢ The innovative self help groups of woman are also

playing a very useful role in building rural economy and

helping rural women to be self reliant.

Social Infrastructure:

➢ The Samathuvapurams that are being set up, in various

parts of the district , herald a new era, as social

harmony and peaceful co-existence of

different communities are the basic concept of this

scheme.

➢ The Varumun Kappom Thittam by proving

basic infrastructure to rural folk for a free medical

examination is indeed a milestone in the social history

of Tamil Nadu.

Engineering & manufacturing industries:

➢ Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL),

t.me/shanawithu


➢ ArcelormittalDhamm Processing Private Limited

➢ MRF limited.

➢ Precision tool industries

➢ Explosives industries

➢ Tamil Nadu Industrial Explosives Limited

Medical Tourism Industry in Vellore:

➢ Medical tourism or health tourism is a term initially

refers to the act of patient going to different country for

either urgent or medical procedure or patient traveling

from one place to another for specialized surgical and

other forms of specialized treatment.

Many hospitals such as:

➢ Christian medical college and hospital

➢ Apollo KH Hospital (in Melvisharam),

➢ Sri Narayani Medical Research Center (in Sripuram)

➢ Government Vellore Medical College and

Hospital:VMCH (in Adukamparai)

are elegantly carrying the flag of medical tourism in Vellore.

Vellore Transport:

Road Transport

t.me/shanawithu


➢ District Headquarters Vellore is well connected by road

to major towns and remote villages. Vellore is about

143 KM by road to Chennai( Capital of Tamil Nadu ).

Rail Transport:

➢ Some of the rail way stations in district are Katpadi

Junction , Arakkonam Junction , Vaniyambadi , Ambur ,

Walajah Road Junction .... which connects most of the

towns and villages in the District.

Other Important Places:

Kammavanpettai :

➢ Kammavanpettai(Ranuvapettai) is a village near Vellore. The Indian Army has a number of recruits from the Vellore district (especially from Kammavanpet, which is known as "the military village") and military spending is a major sources of income.

➢ Kammavanpettai Village Youngsters Every Morning they getup and Practice Running and Workout for Physical fitness to Enrollment in Indian Army, Navy, Air Force & Defence.

➢ More than 90% of the families have their men folk in the Army, Air Force and Navy. A few have also joined CRPF and BSF,".

Vellore institute of technology:

t.me/shanawithu


➢ VIT has strong international presence across the world and partnerships with over 300 foreign universities.

➢ Recognized as an Institution of Eminence by Govt. of India.

➢ No. 1 Private University for Innovation as recognized by ARIIA, Govt. of India.

Other Importance:

➢ Halwa made from whole wheat flour or atta is a popular

sweet made in North India. Vellore region's Halwa is the

most popular one after North Indian Halwa.

➢ Makkan Peda is also considered to be another popular

sweet in Vellore.

Documents

the main weapon of the Hindu deity Murugan or