The MAGIC Cruises: 190 Days of Air-Sea Energy Fluxes R. Michael Reynolds, RMR Co., Seattle WAPeter Minnett, U. Miami RSMAS, Miami FLErnie Lewis, Brookhaven

The MAGIC Cruises: 190 Days of Air-Sea Energy Fluxes

R. Michael Reynolds, RMR Co., Seattle WAPeter Minnett, U. Miami

RSMAS, Miami FLErnie Lewis, Brookhaven National Laboratory,

Upton NY

OVERVIEW

2013 Sea Surface Temperature Science Team Meeting Oct 29-31 2013 Seattle WA USA R. Michael Reynolds www.rmrco.com

Abstract

The MAGIC cloud and aerosol study, by the D.O.E. Atmospheric Radiation

Measurement (ARM) program, has just ended a sequence of 38 Long Beach-

Honolulu transits using a volunteer commercial ship, the Horizon SPIRIT container

ship. The ship was in the open sea for approximately 190 days with one of the

largest collections of atmospheric instrumentation ever deployed on a commercial

ship. Three radars, 6-hourly radiosondes, Lidars and a complement of aerosol

instrumentation were only a part of the data set. The Infrared Seasurface

Temperature Autonomous Radiometer (ISAR) from the University of Miami was

deployed on the SPIRIT to provide needed SSST. Radiation instrumentation, SSST,

and Meteorological instrumentation of the highest quality allowed computation of the

complete energy flux budget. The SPIRIT data set contributed to the ongoing U.

Miami validation study as well. This paper describes the MAGIC study and the

importance of the SSST to the flux computations.


ID SHIP TYPE START END AREA CALExSea Explorer of the Seas Cruise ship 2004/05 2004/08 Carriibean .05 (.15)

RB Ron Brown RV 2004/10 2004/11 E. Trop. Pac .06 (.14)JMU Jingu Maru Car carrier 2005/07 2005/09 N. AtlanticICE Southern Surveyor RV 2006/01 2006/02 E. Timor Sea .03 (.17)

Mismo Mirai RV 2006/04 2006/11 Indian Oc.AL Andromeda Leader Car carrier 2009/03 today US (W/E) to JP

Magic Spirit Container 2012/08 2013/10 Long Beach to Honolulu

• 9-1/2 years of measurements.• Global• > 150,000 SSST Measurements• Real-time SSST, 1/2 hr

ISAR VOS PROGRAM


http://www.bnl.gov/envsci/ARM/MAGIC

MAGIC -- Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of CloudswhereARM = Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program (D.O.E.)GPCI = GCSS Pacific Cross-section Intercomparison, a working group of GCSSGCSS = GEWEX Cloud Systems StudyGEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (WCRP)


CALL SIGN WFLGLENGTH 272.3 mBREADTH 30.5 mDISPLACEMENT 38662 tonne no load61678 tonne full loadDRAFT 8.53{12.44 m (no load/load)FUEL 900 bbl/daySPEED 20 kt typCARGO HT 21-17 m approx.BRIDGE DECK HT 17.7-13.8 mBRIDGE ROOF 20.4-16.5 mPEAK HT 33.5-29.6 m (wind monitor)RADAR HT 29.3-25.4 m (met boom)ISAR HT 19.2-15.3 mPRP HT 20.2-16.7 m


Dry descending air -- N.Pacific High -- Coastal Northerlies -- UpwellingMarine Stratocumulus



A shallow turbulent moist stratum is characteristic of Equatorward flow just above the middle-latitude and tropical oceans, especially at the eastern ends of sub-tropical high pressure areas of the eastern North and South Pacific and South Atlantic oceans.---Lilly68


CloudsPrecip

Ka-band radarW-band radarRadar wind profilerMWR- 2λMWR – 3λTSIMultiPulse LidarHSRLCeilometerDisdrometers

Radiation

PSPPIRSPNFRSRSAS-ZeASSISTCIMEL (cloud)FSSRMicroTops

Aerosols

CPCCCNUHSASNephPSAPHTDMAOzone

Samples!

Other

Radiosondes (565)ISARIRTMeteorologyNavigationMotion (pitch,roll)


BACKGROUND

Net Flux = SW + LW + Latent + Sensible + Rain


THE BULK METHOD – COARE-3 ALGORITHM

Pawlowicz et al., 2001, EOS, 82 (1) January, 2.

S true wind speed

T_a air temperature

T_skin sea (skin) temp

q_w (RH) absolute humidity

P s.l. pressure

LW_d Longwave down

SW_d Shortwave down

R rain rate

SW_u Albedo

LW_u Emitted irradiance

R_N Net irradiance

H_L Latent heat flux

H_S Sensible heat flux

H_R Rain Heat Flux

MEASUREMENT SET

INTERMEDIATE VARIABLES

ESTIMATED FLUXES

Q_totNET FLUX

GOAL: Long-term Net Flux Accuracy < 10 W/m^2

COARE



ACCURACIES NEEDED

MEASUREMENT ACCY UNITS

WIND SPEED0.2 m/s

WIND DIRECTION3 deg

CURRENT SPEED0.2 m/s

CURRENT DIRECTION3 deg

AIR TEMPERATURE 0.2 C

OCEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE0.1 C

RELATIVE HUMIDITY2 %

PRECIPITATION 0.4 mm/day

SHORTWAVE DOWN IRRADIANCE 5 W/m^2

LONGWAVE DOWN IRRADIANCE 5 W/m^2

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 0.1 mbar

PITCH/ROLL1 deg

PITCH/ROLL STD DEVIATION

1 deg

LAT/LON0.001 deg

COURSE OVER GROUND2 deg

SPEED OVER GROUND0.2 m/s

HEADING 2 deg




INSTRUMENTATION


MET1




28,000 SSSTs


DATA PROCESSING




LEG 8 DAILY AVERAGES

LW

SW

QL

QS

Qnet


FUTURE• Funding• New Isar development Inexpensive, reliable, ...• Magic-lite with flux/met focus.


FIN


Los Angeles Los AngelesHonolulu

Leg 4: October 20-November 1, 2012

http://www.gim.bnl.gov/armclouds/MAGIC/MAGIC_image_table.htm




KAZR

WACR

MWACR is more sensitive…this will change soon



KAZR

WACR

Handle most precipitation so far quite well.


Documents

The MAGIC Cruises: 190 Days of Air-Sea Energy Fluxes R. Michael Reynolds, RMR Co., Seattle WAPeter Minnett, U. Miami RSMAS, Miami FLErnie Lewis, Brookhaven