The Lubrizol Corporation · 2019. 3. 4. · CPVC = Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride PVC = Polyvinyl chloride HDPE = High-density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PS = Polystyrene PET

© 2017 The Lubrizol Corporation

The Lubrizol Corporation


Outline

▪Lubrizol

▪Flowguard CPVC Plumbing system

▪Other features and benefits

▪Why FlowGuard in Heating and Air Conditioning

▪Code Approvals

▪Design Guidance in Hydronics system

2


Owned by Berkshire Hathaway Since 2011

• One of the world’s largest public companies

– 2017: revenues $242 billion, net income $44.94 billion

– Headquarters: Omaha, Nebraska

• Owns about 60 businesses internationally

in several sectors:

– Insurance and financial services

– Utilities and energy

– Manufacturing, service and retail

• Chairman & CEO: Warren E. Buffett

3

One of the world’s largest companies, Berkshire Hathaway is ranked # 4 on the Fortune 500 list of U.S. companies.

Company Overview


58%28%

10%

4%

North America Europe

Asia/ME Latin America

Balanced International Presence

Company Overview

4

We’re a truly global company – as a company, and as individuals,

we strive every day to fulfill our mission

8,650

Employees

Consolidated Revenues Worldwide Employees

$6.3

Billion

40

%

27

%

27

%

6%

*2017 revenues **Employee number excludes Lubrizol Oilfield Solutions

Geographic Footprint

5

Company Overview

© 2017 The Lubrizol Corporation 6

LUBRIZOL

ADDITIVES

A pioneering global supplier

of chemical additive technologies

including additives for engine oils,

driveline and transportation-related

fluids, industrial lubricants and

gasoline and diesel fuel

THE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION

LUBRIZOL ADVANCED

MATERIALS

A leading global producer of

advanced specialty polymers,

polymer-based additives

and chemical additives used

in everyday consumer and

industrial applications

Our Business Segments


ESTANE

ENGINEERED

POLYMERS

7

PERSONAL, HOME & HEALTH CARE

LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS

ENGINEERED MATERIALS

Our Business Segments

TEMPRITE

ENGINEERED

POLYMERS

PERFOR-

MANCE

COATINGS

© 2017 The Lubrizol Corporation, all rights reserved. All marks are the property of The Lubrizol Corporation.

The Lubrizol Corporation is a Berkshire Hathaway company.

Lubrizol CPVC Piping Systems

Lubrizol is an innovator and world leader in chlorinated

polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) resins and compounds for

superior piping solutions.

As an expert for more than 50 years, Lubrizol CPVC

continues to provide differentiated high-quality products—

backed by exceptional technology and support—for

customers around the globe.


The Lubrizol Corporation is a Berkshire Hathaway company.10

The Lubrizol advantage:

▪ Unmatched R&D

▪ Global capabilities

▪ A network of customers who are industry-leading manufacturers

▪ Globally recognized brands

Our Market Solutions:

✓ High-performance plumbing

✓ Fire sprinkler systems

✓ Industrial systems (pipes, fittings and specialty products)

✓ Profiles and components



LUBRIZOL CPVC MANUFACTURERS FACILITIES

Dajeh, India

Rayong,

Thailand

© The Lubrizol Corporation 2007, all rights reserved11



Our Partner in Qatar

ALWAAB PLASTICS FACTORY

12



FLOWGUARD CPVC PLUMBING SYSTEMS ®



WHAT IS CPVC?

14

▪ Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC):

A thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl

chloride (PVC) resin.

▪ Thermoplastic: Polymer material that turns

to liquid when heated and becomes solid

when cooled.



▪ 2/3 of CPVC resin by weight comes from salt, of which there is an almost

limitless supply. Only 1/3 comes from petroleum resources.

63-70%

Salt30-37%

Petroleum

WHAT IS CPVC?



▪ Total energy requirements for CPVC production are lower than other plastic materials,due primarily to the low petroleum content.

CPVC = Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride

PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

HDPE = High-density polyethylene

PP = Polypropylene

PS = Polystyrene

PET = Polyethylene terephthalate

Source: H. Sambele, Kapitel Nachchlorierte Polyvinylchloride Rohre, Technical University Berlin, 1993

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS CPVC VS OTHER PLASTICS



Source: Life Cycle Inventory of the Production of Plastic and Metal Pipes for Use in Three Piping Applications,

Prepared for The Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association by Franklin Associates, US, June 2008

Energy of Material Resource:

Energy value of fuel resources withdrawn from the

planet’s finite fossil reserves and used as material

inputs for materials

Transportation energy:

Energy to move material during its journey from raw

material to product

Process energy:

Energy for all processes required to produce the

pipes, from acquisition of raw materials through pipe

manufacturing

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS



FOSSIL DEPLETION COMPARISON OF PIPE SYSTEMS (kg oil eq)

Lubrizol CPVC



▪ CPVC piping can easily be recycled

as PVC piping or window profiles

▪ Piping material can be collected from the jobsite by a

specialized recycling firm (country specific)

▪ Regrind piping material into pellets and granules

▪ Mix regrind into applications such as:floor fillings, floor coatings, cable trays, speed bumps

and car mats.

RECYCLING CPVC



▪ Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) – the percentage of oxygen needed in the atmosphere to

support the combustion of a material

▪ The oxygen level in the atmosphere is not more than 21%

▪ CPVC requires more oxygen to sustain a flame than what is available in the atmosphere

Therefore, CPVC does

not sustain a flame.

CPVC AND COMBUSTION



The best possible rating a non-metal material can receive !

Fire behavior B → Low flammability, no contribution to flashover

Smoke development s1 → Low smoke development

Flaming droplets d0 → No burning drops

EN 13501-1:2002 – Fire classification of construction products and building elements

CPVC rating = B s1 d0

CPVC AND COMBUSTION



Air Plenums: Flame/Smoke Spread Development Rating

▪ CPVC can be used in return air plenums

▪ An independent lab tested and verified the following pipe sizes are

in general accordance with ASTM E84/UL723 and meet the 25/50

flame/smoke requirement

- ½" through 2" FlowGuard™ CPVC pipe and fittings

- ½" through 6" Corzan® CPVC pipe and fittings

CPVC AND COMBUSTION



▪ Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM):

Raw material used to produce PVC

▪ Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer (RVCM):

VCM that does not react in the irreversible

polymerization process used to transform VCM

into PVC

CPVC AND TOXICITY



▪ VCM is transformed into PVC by an irreversible polymerization process, so PVC contains only trace amounts of RVCM

▪ The post chlorination of PVC into CPVC reduces RVCM levels by a factor of 300

▪ Testing shows that CPVC does not release VCM when heated to 225°C, far higher than any HCWD system

▪ When CPVC does burn, the combustion products are no more toxic than traditional building materials, such as Douglas Fir (United States Testing Company, Inc., 1989)

▪ Maximum permissible level of RVCM in CPVC for potable water applications is2 ppm (mg/kg)

CPVC AND TOXICITY



CPVC AND TOXICITY



* Source: Life Cycle Assessment of PVC and of principal competing materials, Commissioned by the European Commission, July 2004

▪ All building materials impact the environment, in one way or another –

Human toxicity loading is one of several environmental impact categories

▪ Emissions from the manufacturing, use, and disposal of building materials

all contribute to human toxicity

▪ Dioxins are one of many emission categories contributing to human toxicity,

and most studies agree that they are only a minor contributor to total human

toxicity loading*

▪ Addressing the total human toxicity impact of a building material will yield

greater environmental benefits than fixating solely on dioxins

CPVC AND TOXICITY



▪ Studies have shown that vinyl content has no effect on dioxin content of gasesfrom incinerators:

- “The presence or absence of vinyl has no effect on the amount of dioxin produced during the incineration process”.

(New York Energy Research and Development Authority, 1987)

- “An analysis of over 1,900 test results from 169 large-scale, commercial incinerator facilities throughout the world found no relationship between the chlorine content of waste and dioxin emissions from combustion processes under real-life conditions”.(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995)

- “Reducing the quantity of PVC in waste does not reduce the quantity of dioxin in the waste gases”.(Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 1996)

▪ Operating conditions, not vinyl, govern dioxin formation in incinerators

CPVC AND TOXICITY



▪ Biofilm: Forms when bacteria adhere to surfaces in aqueous

environments and begin to excrete a slimy, glue-like substance

that can anchor to all kinds of materials

▪ Biofilm Formation Potential (BFP): Potential growth of bacteria on

a material surface that is in contact with water (e.g. pipes, flushing

containers, storage containers)

CPVC AND BIOFILM FORMATION



Dr. Paul Sturman concludes:

“CPVC consistently

outperforms most other non-

metallic piping materials with

regard to its ability to resist the

formation of biofilms”.

Source: Dr. Paul Sturman, research professor and industrial coordinator for The Center for Biofilm Engineering at Montana State University based on his evaluation of Dutch Research and Knowledge Institute

for Drinking Water (KIWA) 1999 study Biofilm Formation Potential of Pipe Materials in Plumbing Systems, 2006 study Standardizing the Biomass Production Potential Method for Determining the Enhancement

of Microbial Growth by Construction Products in Contact With Drinking Water, and 2007 study Assessment of the Microbial Growth Potential of Materials in Contact with Treated Water Intended for Human

Consumption, KIWA




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

pg

AT

P/c

m²

Copper CPVC Inox 304 Inox 316 Polybutene Polypropylene

Comparison of BPP (Biomass Production Potential) values*

observed at 30°C and 50°C

BPP at 30°C BPP at 50°C

* Values measured at 8, 12 and 16 weeks

Source: Study of 6 different materials used for drinking water distribution and their capacity to support bacterial growth conducted by Crecep (Research

and Control of drinking water Centre in Paris) according to a European standard project by means of the Biomass Production Potential test in 2005.

(Inox 304/316 = Stainless Steel )

▪ Studies elsewhere e.g. CRECEP in France, confirm the ability of CPVC

to resist biofilm formation




CPVC –THE RESPONSIBLE CHOICE IN PIPING SYSTEMS!

CONCLUSIONS:

▪ Total energy requirements for CPVC are low

▪ CPVC can easily be recycled

▪ CPVC does not sustain a flame

▪ RVCM is not an issue for CPVC

▪ CPVC has no effect on dioxin levels

▪ CPVC pipe is ideal for delivering safe, pure drinking water

▪ CPVC facilitates construction of green residential and

commercial buildings



OTHER FEATURES AND BENEFITS



WHAT DOES FLOWGUARD CPVC

BRING TO THE MARKET?

33

▪ Heat resistance to 90°C

▪ Chemical resistance over a broad temperature range

▪ Proven long term service at lower installed cost

▪ Quality Control: Quality testing program

▪ Multiple source availability



▪ Must conform to appropriate national standards

▪ Comply with the Lubrizol quality of pipe/fitting program !

Tested at manufacturing

site and at Lubrizol labs

in USA/Europe

• Dimensions

• Flattening

• Pressure tests

• Impact

• Heat reversion

QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM:



BENCHMARK TESTING: PART OF OUR QC PROCESS

* Averages include FlowGuard® samples from 2 regional manufacturing facilities and competitive pipe samples

from 4 alternative non-FlowGuard manufacturers.

Testing results*: FlowGuard CPVC pipe vs. Non-FlowGuard Brands



LUBRIZOL CPVC

▪ Developed in the late 1950's

▪ First commercial production 1959

▪ First residential installation 1960USA research house

▪ More than 50 years of trouble-free use



RESIST SCALE BUILD-UP AND CORROSION



excellent

good

fair

poor

Weak Acids

Weak Bases

Salts

Strong Acids

Strong Bases

Aliphatic Solutions

Aromatic Solvents

Esters & Ketones

Strong oxidants

Halogens

EXCELLENT CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

For

specific questions

on chemical resistance

data, consult with

Lubrizol.



▪ Simple solvent cementing jointing method

▪ Tools required are simple and cheap

▪ No need for electrical source

▪ Same basic procedure as PVC

ALL YOU NEED IS:

EASY AND COST EFFECTIVE INSTALLATION

1. Pipe cutter 2. Chamfering tool 3. Solvent cement



▪ CPVC has a much higher strength/modulus than

other thermoplastics used in plumbing applications

TOUGH, RIGID MATERIAL



▪ Needs less hangers and supports

▪ No unsightly looping of the pipe

▪ High pressure bearing capability.

Leads to same flow rate with smaller

pipe size.

Looping of other plastics

CPVC

Wall thickness PN20, 20mm:

CPVC : 1.9 mm PP: 3.4 mm

TOUGH, RIGID MATERIAL



Less expansion of pipe when hot water runs

Less need for expansion

loops, less “looping”

LOW THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT



▪ Reduced heat loss

LOWER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY



▪ CPVC has a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 60. Thus in air CPVC does not

support combustion.

▪ No flaming drips, does not increase the fire load.

▪ Low flame spread and low smoke generation.

CPVC Other plastics

CPVC received best possible product fire classification for products made from synthetic materials

according to the new European classification!

Other plastics

FIRE SAFETY



▪ CPVC forms a natural barrier to oxygen.

▪ Thus there is no corrosion of metal components

in the water heater from oxygen permeation

NO OXYGEN PERMEATION

CPVC PVC PPR PEX PB CU

Oxygen permeation(cm³/m.day.atmosphere)

(at 70°C)

<1insignificant

(Not

available)

similar to

CPVC

(Not

available)

similar to

PB/PEX

13 16 (Not

available)

insignificant



▪ No bad odor

nor taste problems

REDUCED ADDITIVE MIGRATION INTO WATER SUPPLY



UNAFFECTED BY CHLORINE IN WATER SUPPLY

47

When chlorine is added to water for disinfection, it transforms to hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorous acid is a strong oxidizer which is capable of breaking the carbon-to-carbon bonds of the polyolefin polymer chain, effectively disintegrating it.

FlowGuard® CPVC resists Chlorine, Chloramine and Chlorine Dioxide, which makes it the best solution in this region especially in hospitals and hotels.



▪ Warning letter from Plastics Industry Pipe

Association in Australia

Premature aging of polyolefin pipesare causing concerns



500.00

550.00

600.00

650.00

700.00

750.00

800.00

850.00

900.00

950.00

1000.00

Pressure Drop in mbars per 100 m DN25 v=1m/s

CPVC PPR & PEX Copper GI

LOWER FRICTION LOSS

Hazen Williams Coefficient:

Copper: 130, PEX &PPR: 140, Steel: 120,

FlowGuard CPVC: 150

Lower Pumping Head

Smaller Pump Size

Lower Energy Usage/Operation Cost,

less Carbon Emissions

Lower Investment Cost



Lower Operation Cost

Operation Analysis based on Head

loss due to Friction RequirementsSteel PEX and PPR Copper CPVC

Pump size in Horsepower 15.1 hp 11.4 hp 13 hp 10 hp

Yearly Operation Cost $10,754 $8,086 $9,274 $7,117

Yearly Cost Difference with CPVC $3,637 $969 $2,157 $0

Present Value of the Difference over 50

years of operations$158,624 $42,255 $94,072 $0

• The KW/hr cost is the average cost in the USA as per EIA, which is 12.31 Cents, knowing that the average

cost in Europe is $0.35

• The pump’s power consumption is estimated at 880KW/hr per Hp, including pump efficiency

• Pump operation time per day is estimated at 18 hours

• Interest Rate is based on 12 months USD LIBOR rate, which is 0.55%



Carbon Emissions

SteelPEX and

PPRCopper CPVC

Total metric tons CO2 per year 52 39 45 34

Additional CPVC emission in metric ton CO2

compared to FlowGuard CPVC18 5 10 -

Difference 51% 14% 30% 0%

• Electricity sources in the USA emit on average 0.0005925 metric tons CO2 per kWh

as per EPA

• The Same Pump sizes are used for this analysis



WHY FLOWGUARD IN HVAC



Value Prop

• Anti-corrosion

• No degradation from oxidizers used for disinfection (ASHRAE 188)

• Lighter weight than steel – easier to handle and provides for alternative locations vs

steel

• Lower Cost vs Steel –

• Lower cost of ownership -

• Low friction loss, Lower pumping requirements, energy saving.

• Lower thermal conductivity (insulation could be thinner than metal, but rarely practical) –

if no energy code, value engineering possible if insulation is merely for safety

• Easier install/lower cost/inside diameter greater than PPR

• Higher temperature hot water delivery



Metal Corrosion – 3 months



CODE APPROVALS



Code Approvals

• CPVC is approved by both the International Mechanical Code (IMC) & the

2015 Uniform mechanical Code (UMC) for use in Hydronic systems.

• Material must be rated for the operating temperature and pressure of the

Hydronic system.

• FlowGuard CPVC has an Oxygen barrier per the DIN standard. While the

DIN standard is not required in the US boiler manufacturers require oxygen

barrier pipe or the warranty is void.



Code Approvals

International mechanical Code (IMC): 2015 Version

• Table 1202.4: CPVC pipe is approved for Hydronic applications

• Table 1202.5: CPVC fittings are approved for Hydronic applications

• Section 307.2.2: CPVC is approved for condensate disposal



Code Approvals

International mechanical Code (IMC): 2015 Version

Table 305.4 Piping Support Spacing

• Horizontal:

• 1” CPVC and smaller 3’-0”

• 1-1/4” and larger 4’-0”

• Vertical:

• 10’-0” with a mid story guide



Code Approvals

Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC): 2015 version

• 1210.1: CPVC pipe and fittings are approved for Hydronic applications

• 310.3: CPVC is approved for condensate piping provide the pipe meets the

temperature and pressure rating and is approved for use with the liquid

being discharged

Note: CPVC is not approved for use in Hydronics in any UMC code prior to the 2015

Version!



Code Approvals

Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC): 2015 version

Table 313.3 Piping Support Spacing

• Horizontal:

• 1” CPVC and smaller 3’-0”

• 1-1/4” and larger 4’-0”

• Vertical:

• Base of each floor with a mid story guide



DESIGN GUIDANCE



Do s

• Maximum operating temperature 95°C• Compensate for the expansion of the water and antifreeze in the design of

the system• Verify antifreeze compatibility & percentage• Verify compatibility on all boiler cleaning or additives• Follow all CPVC installation guidelines• Use only CPVC x metal threaded adapters• Make sure pumps, and other components are properly supported• Verify compatibility of all ancillary products used in the installation of the

system• Flush the Interior of the heat exchanger or the exterior of condenser coils

with a mild Ionic detergent, such as a 2% solution of TSP (TrisodiumPhosphate)



Don’ts

• DO NOT use 100% CPVC threaded adapters

• DO NOT use Compression Fittings

• DO NOT use CPVC pipes or fittings to support pumps or

other components



▪ DN16 through DN 110 piping

▪ Larger sizes available on request.

AVAILABILITY



REFERENCES



US Installations



Hotel in St. Augustine, FL











WORLDWIDE HOTEL REFERENCES

We are all connected by the same noble pursuit: to reliably deliver the water that enriches,

sustains and protects life. Here at Lubrizol, we’re committed to serving this purpose—for life.

That’s why we go beyond producing superior chemical compounds to lend a hand through the

manufacturing process, offer guidance to installers and promote the benefits of CPVC over steel

to help set new codes and standards. Lubrizol stands with you as a reliable partner, from the

molecular level through product installation…and beyond. So you can build the confidence you

need to build the business you want, and reap the rewards in your own life.

Documents

The Lubrizol Corporation · 2019. 3. 4. · CPVC = Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride PVC = Polyvinyl chloride HDPE = High-density polyethylene PP = Polypropylene PS = Polystyrene PET