The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana PurchaseBy Ryan Bilger & Jarred RingBy Ryan Bilger & Jarred Ring

Early Louisiana HistoryEarly Louisiana History

Originally colonized by FranceOriginally colonized by France Given up to Spain after French and Given up to Spain after French and

Indian WarIndian War Treaty of FontainebleauTreaty of Fontainebleau Americans still allowed to settle in Americans still allowed to settle in

Spanish LouisianaSpanish Louisiana

Quasi-War/XYZ Affair: Early Controversy Quasi-War/XYZ Affair: Early Controversy Between United States and FranceBetween United States and France

Quasi-War: Unofficial warQuasi-War: Unofficial war where French where French ships attacked American ships in 1797ships attacked American ships in 1797

XYZ Affair- French government bribing XYZ Affair- French government bribing American government for an end to the American government for an end to the quasi-war; 1797-1798quasi-war; 1797-1798

Caused massive uproar among anti-French Caused massive uproar among anti-French AmericansAmericans

Treaty of San IldefonsoTreaty of San Ildefonso

September 30, 1800September 30, 1800 Louisiana given back to France from SpainLouisiana given back to France from Spain Spain supposed to get a French kingdom Spain supposed to get a French kingdom

in Italy, but it was never handed overin Italy, but it was never handed over Treaty supposed to be secret; still found Treaty supposed to be secret; still found

out about by Americans, and the Senate out about by Americans, and the Senate was notified by Thomas Jeffersonwas notified by Thomas Jefferson

Slave Rebellion in St. DomingueSlave Rebellion in St. Domingue

St. Domingue- French colony in present-St. Domingue- French colony in present-day Haitiday Haiti

Led by Toussaint L’OvertureLed by Toussaint L’Overture Napoleon sent over 40,000 soldiers to Napoleon sent over 40,000 soldiers to

fight rebelsfight rebels French soldiers decimated by yellow fever, French soldiers decimated by yellow fever,

forced troops to withdrawforced troops to withdraw Most French defeated in 1802Most French defeated in 1802

Napoleon’s Desire to Sell LouisianaNapoleon’s Desire to Sell Louisiana

Loss of St. Domingue diminished Loss of St. Domingue diminished Napoleon’s opinion of LouisianaNapoleon’s opinion of Louisiana

Thought it was useless without St. Thought it was useless without St. Domingue as a jumping-off pointDomingue as a jumping-off point

Wanted to ease tension with United Wanted to ease tension with United States after XYZ AffairStates after XYZ Affair

Prepared to offer territory to Prepared to offer territory to American diplomats in FranceAmerican diplomats in France

Jefferson Appoints NegotiatorsJefferson Appoints Negotiators

Livingston appointed “Resident Livingston appointed “Resident Minister at the Court of Napoleon” in Minister at the Court of Napoleon” in 18011801

Monroe appointed “Envoy Monroe appointed “Envoy Extraordinary” in 1803 Extraordinary” in 1803

Jefferson notified the Senate of these Jefferson notified the Senate of these positions in a January 1803 message positions in a January 1803 message

Both would negotiate the treaty with Both would negotiate the treaty with NapoleonNapoleon

The Offers for LouisianaThe Offers for Louisiana

Monroe was to offer $9,375,000 to buy Monroe was to offer $9,375,000 to buy New Orleans and FloridaNew Orleans and Florida

Napoleon offered entire Louisiana Territory Napoleon offered entire Louisiana Territory for $22,500,000for $22,500,000

Monroe and Livingston counter-offer Monroe and Livingston counter-offer $8,000,000$8,000,000

Napoleon offers $16,000,000, Americans Napoleon offers $16,000,000, Americans offer $12,000,000offer $12,000,000

Louisiana Purchase TreatyLouisiana Purchase Treaty

France agrees to sell Louisiana for France agrees to sell Louisiana for $15,000,000; price confirmed in First $15,000,000; price confirmed in First ConventionConvention

Rate of 6 cents per acreRate of 6 cents per acre First signed by Livingston and Monroe First signed by Livingston and Monroe

for the United States in April 1803for the United States in April 1803 Louisiana Territory and all French Louisiana Territory and all French

public/government buildings includedpublic/government buildings included

Louisiana Purchase Treaty (cont.)Louisiana Purchase Treaty (cont.)

Over 800,000 acres of land addedOver 800,000 acres of land added Gave U.S. access to the Mississippi Gave U.S. access to the Mississippi

River, but France and Spain were still River, but France and Spain were still allowed to import; economy boostallowed to import; economy boost

Money for purchase loaned from a Money for purchase loaned from a British bankBritish bank

Treaty passed by Congress on Treaty passed by Congress on October 20, 1803October 20, 1803

Louisiana Purchase Immediate Louisiana Purchase Immediate AftermathAftermath

U.S. occupied Louisiana in December, U.S. occupied Louisiana in December, 1803 after Spain gave it over to 1803 after Spain gave it over to France days beforeFrance days before

Napoleon’s North American empire Napoleon’s North American empire was gone; he eventually lost his was gone; he eventually lost his European empire as wellEuropean empire as well

Spain angered by what France had Spain angered by what France had done, but they had no power to done, but they had no power to change itchange it

Louisiana Purchase Immediate Louisiana Purchase Immediate Aftermath (cont.)Aftermath (cont.)

Lewis and Clark explored the Lewis and Clark explored the territory from 1805-1806territory from 1805-1806

Development would displace many Development would displace many natives, as well as change the lives natives, as well as change the lives of French and Spanish in the areaof French and Spanish in the area

Louisiana Purchase TodayLouisiana Purchase Today

Land is now home to many species of Land is now home to many species of animalsanimals

New cities built/further developed in New cities built/further developed in LA territory e.g. St. Louis, MO; LA territory e.g. St. Louis, MO; Kansas City, MO; Omaha, NEKansas City, MO; Omaha, NE

Land makes up all or parts of 15 Land makes up all or parts of 15 statesstates

Contains some of Yellowstone Contains some of Yellowstone National ParkNational Park

Thomas Jefferson- Did he overstep Thomas Jefferson- Did he overstep his bounds?his bounds?

During negotiations, he didn’t have the During negotiations, he didn’t have the power to buy the landpower to buy the land

Nothing in the Constitution about land Nothing in the Constitution about land acquisitionsacquisitions

Jefferson himself said he didn’t have the Jefferson himself said he didn’t have the authority; knew it was important authority; knew it was important acquisition, so he went through with itacquisition, so he went through with it• Eventually given authority by Congress to Eventually given authority by Congress to

acquire Louisiana Territory in Oct. 1803acquire Louisiana Territory in Oct. 1803 Lasting impact on Federal PowerLasting impact on Federal Power

Impact on Federal PowerImpact on Federal Power

Purchase seen as beginning of expansion of Purchase seen as beginning of expansion of federal powerfederal power

Strengthened federal government; gave them Strengthened federal government; gave them more power to do what they wantedmore power to do what they wanted

Constitution interpreted more loosely by future Constitution interpreted more loosely by future governmentsgovernments

Examples of growing federal power’s impact Examples of growing federal power’s impact throughout history: throughout history: • Federal power vs. states’ rights argument during Civil Federal power vs. states’ rights argument during Civil

WarWar• Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealFranklin Roosevelt’s New Deal• Barack Obama’s healthcare reformBarack Obama’s healthcare reform