The Loom of Language

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-loom-of-language 1/726
MoL^êy^
lost their
of
more
job of
laughing
will
show
appre-
ciation
of
Dr.
Bodmer's
successor
to
MatheTuatics
for
the
Million
and
Science
for
the
Citizen,
its
aspects
with difficulties
which beset
on
a
depends
upon
a
geographical
accident.
It
has
nothing
to
do
with
the
composition
of
the
human
spenn
or
speak
the
Anglo-American
this
sort,
the
usefulness
Some
knowledge
chemotherapy
idiom through
paths
of
prehistory
from
which
^\e
return
with
hand
of grammatical
trademark
of
a
upon this book or on any other. Its aim is
to
intrinsic
characteristics
of
language.
The
intrinsic
difficulties
depend
a
reader
who
to see
roughly
a
little
learning
is
a
difficult
thing.
more
easy
is
or suit every
reader
an
intelligible
account
rodents, or
beasts which
of
are
no
public
language
museums
with
museums
in
our
centers
of
contains eighty
say
that
repeti-
tion.
Helpful
tricks
which
emerge
from
a
character
in
the
course
of
history.
the
fact
that
learninCT
any
Whether
of
the
beginner,
partly
on
In
large
practical purposes
the use
of idiom,
the
outset
items
the
ensuing
a
good
readino
know
ledoc
of
a
foreign
lanjjuaoe
when
we
minimum
of
effort
involves
to
look
after
itself.
For
self-expression
or
for
reading,
the
essentials
arc
of
two
and tackled
English.
a
train,
ride
a
horse,
or
in
a
yehicle.
For
by
combining
some
yerbs
together
sources
IN my
different in
content, and
know. It
sentence
as
we
do,
our
own
language.
her
sweetheart
will
be
there.
There
are
three kinds of rules which we need to guide us when
learning
a
language,
whether
to
read,
to
write,
to
speak,
or
to
listen
intelligently.
We
need
derived
The
alleged
more
stereotyped,
intelligibh' w
ith them.
used
300
termed 'dead.' The conjugation
adult
into
the
position
sing.
In
use
of
\\ords
be-
for
ourselves
when
to
use
one
or
the
Portuguese,
Span-
ish,
ha\ e
to
the
to
who
is
on
the
lookout
for
a
bright
book
a
foreign
lan-
guage,
One
example
must
looks like
*
of
the
world
are
traceable
to
one
source.
They
came
universal
gap
be-
as when
we condense /
is
we do not break it
up \v\\tn we
as
separate
elements
of
speech.
We
influenced
is a
process,
between
separate sym-
bols for
earliest Egyptian
male,
fe?/iale,
and
hermaphrodite.
The
plural
forms
are
to suggest them
obstruction,
modern
Chinese
writing,
suggest what they stand
English
traffic
utter
sometimes used their picture
the
word.
We
can
know
the
meaning
modern
4^ THE
^,
as
certain
how
this
practice
illustrated
by
our
word
boy,
which
originally
son
or
a
juvenile
employee.
All
this
number
of
than
a
thousand
vears
of
any
European
people
except
the
British
(p.
ii
invariable,
like
omr
verb
nmst.
It
proportion
of
the
affixes
of
such
derivatives
The
same
would
be
true
if
all
F.nglish
words
were
built
to
the
same
design
as
syllabar\-
they
may
well
have
the
countinghouse,
the
neighbors
of
Mesopotamia
ing
without
con-
this point
need
of
different consonant
difficulty.
probably
monosyllables,
like
our
own
words
of
writing
and
reading
was
still
generations
and
varies
among
people
Italian
sym-
bols,
being
better
adapted
it has
social
family,
e.g.
Berber,
Persian,
Baluchi,
Sindhi,
iMalay,
to
'm
tiir
FiG.
18.
hope
Jespersen,
Ogden,
or
Sapir,
modestly
accept
their
responsibility
as
citizens,
co-
operatinij
the
U
guages. In Teutonic
languages (e.g. in
the
a safe bet
ha2it)
and
delight.
THE STORY
when we say
more slowly
plural
the final
-ED unless
it
was
always
audible
do
so
Thus
the
grammatical
rules
of
is so
THE STORY
OF THE
same
plan
(see
and
oi
after
a
succeeding
5)
The
vowels,
is
partly
due
to
the
practice
of
Norman
scribes
change
^^•ord dette,
been
done
in
trains,
and
tion) with
telegrams:
to
equally
their
purpose,
laborious
to
beginning
of
our
firsthand
knowledge
of
language.
Our
fragmentary
information
about
the
thing.
human
needs
and
man's
changing
social
environment,
we
ACCIDENCE THE
response,
such
as
our
will not
now
in
a
savage
tongue.
Many
the
circumstances
one of
back
to
practical
point
as
flexions
when
its
meaning,
or
classify root
words of
Latin, Greek,
and Sanskrit
have number
reasons
A C
up
again
(p.
S5),
how it
useless
in
bakes,
she
Excluding the
he
or /;/;//,
she
or
singular;
%i'e
and
ns
pronouns
of
first
person
plural.
He
and
him,
she
and
her,
together
with
it,
are
Enelish
or,
as
we
ougrht
to
thee
were
the
pronouns
of
the
second
Thus
the
corresponding
forms
person
of
we
of
expressing
the
same
express
the loss
of tense,
in the
the
correspondence
of
events
when
he
is
flex-
ion
personal
pronoun
still
had
form
persists
in
Icelandic,
\\ hich
duckbill
platypus
of
that, each),
and other
such words as 7ioiv,
lengthily.
English
has
never
been
that and
because goose
They
also
had
flexions
of
case
and
gender.
Gender
concord
is
the
diagnostic
char-
recognizable.
American
correctly,
all
we
need
as
actress,
and
tractor
same
speak
of
/ler,
French
nouns.
Alost
most
European
or
German
{A
Travip
Abroad)
Wilkehii:
She
has
gone
to
the
kitchen.
Gretchen:
Where
fall back
three
wardrobe
of
the
Old
English
adjective.
The
of the
Old
Norse
in many
because
we
can
always
replace
it
by
putting
of
completely
lost
other
flex-
of all plural
Til F T
The same
and
when
we
the e\e
(or
you,
Till the
as
have
the
adjectives,
and
accusative
or
dative
put
ACCIDENCE THE
is
this:
case
fuse
beyond
plural
case
endinus
ablative
and
Russians
use
their
instru-
mental
case
forms
in
all
sorts
of
different
situations.
There
is
some
reason
to
men
had
pronoun
of a
him
mere fact
So
authorized
growing
words
as
water,
questioii,
test,
and
love
in
this
recognize,
when
we
look
FURTHER READING
GRAY Foundation
squad
chief
died
suddenly.
Such
examples
or
language
like
Latin,
we
depend
has no
specific reference
to anything
based on the function of words in
a
shaping
the
conventions
of
language
than
of
theological
opinion.
Buddhists
and
Christians,
atheists
and
agnostics,
would
not
agree
about
the
correct
of
any
persuasion
would
are
no
sufficient
reasons
for
believing
we
adjectives,
and
The
Tent for
and
that
it
is
the
business
arc
likely
to
commit
the
double
;iik1
of
situations
more
a
ncccssarv
word
to
we
cultivate
the
habit
of
examining
the
meaning
of
the
w
ords
we
use,
and
the
range
of
choice
which
our
a
conjunc-
tion
(link
word).
In
explicit as possible. This means
that
when
you
are
going
to
use
a
particle,
you
must
first
decide
whether
you
are
using
it
is
yes,
your
^^ ord
one
character-
istic
meaning,
and
only
one.
In
English,
we
say
that
A
is
in
B,
if
B
sur-
rounds,
encloses,
or
contains
A.
en-
close,
or
quire
/
therefore
recast
constantly
arise
is
that
the
common
thread
embrace that of two
dates
such
as
54
r..c.,
A.D.
1066,
and
A.D.
1832,
or
iiavc
an
abstract
noun
derivative
born.
When
context
demands
The
stitute,
in
such
sentences
as:
shall sometimes
languages
English,
ances.
has
made
way
for
a
pronoun
commonly
reflexive
in
this
sense
some
verbs
which
141
there;
but
In
the object is
phrase,
clause,
or
pronoun
concrete
object.
A
second
difficulty
in
mentioned
above.
Some
English
increase).
A
Frenchman
the verb).
No general
a
is
not
that
adjective.
Thus
the
The
things. Thus he Jiiay
8/16/2019 The Loom of Language
1^6
to the
this
=Elle
me
Pa
envoy
e.
the rule for Bible English is the same as for
Scandinavian
and
they
helpers
other
than
Scandinavian
statement
always
W'ir wollcn ihn
to which
a
tactical translation
S Y
no emotive content. For instance, one of the tricks of
S\\edish s\
of
etc.)
often
called
the
accusative,
are
The
table
tomar)^
to
situations
\\ hich
have
subject-
object
distinction.
The
lamp
we should
nifies
nothing
apart
concerned with the most
the
the
use
of
of
literary
affectations.
written closer
own
generation
broadcasting
Barcelona, and
on Genoa
ajimre, uotte,
resemblances,
groups,
you
will
he
of
get
some
light
of
the
last
hundred
years.
Christianity
performed
one
thus
all
172 THE
off
the
print-
Amerindian
dialects
superficial
study
y
niimeracion,
division
y
clases
years.
Now
and
preached
the
Gospel
to
the
Indian
heathen,
and
had
helped
in
the
translation
of
the
similarity between
of other languages,
ROMANCE
LANGUAGES
(pronouns
syrnill,
If the number of words which two languages share is
small,
and
confined
to
a
special
aspect
of
cultural
The common
a
wide
gulf
thinks he can trace back to the hypothetical common idiom
called
primitive
Teutonic.
When
dealing
with
words
of
cultural,
Romance group,
as illustrated
responds
to
IT
in
words
of
Old
French
origin,
or
CT
in
modern
I«2
/|
misnomer
begotten
of
national
conceit.
Indeed
the
family
the \êdic
Aryan-speaking tribes
compile
a
dictionary
of
hN
has
surpassed
him
by
telling
asserted
that
THE CLASSIFICATION
of grammar is
follo\\ing
conunon
origin.
Even
w
are
is
an
alreadv
far
tow
ard
and the
independent word, has
clear. In
the
plural
in
languages
of
pronouns and for adjectives,*
fairly
well-defined
the
effort
involved
in
affix
at-
tached
the
corresponding
possessive
derivatives
of
the
suffix
har-
which
sentejice.
Now
recognize
tliem
as
ivords
by
small
rangre
of
combina-
tions
on
projects
different
process.
After
amalgamation
a
language
various forms
case ending is much
You
rational basis. This
ritual. If
what
any
one
which
grammarians
describe
as
trademarks
of
the
Latin
noun
is
the
trademark
of
of
false
rationality
in
Greek authors
use these affixes. The use of Latin case forms is a
social
habit,
like
eating
asparagus
ence between
suffixes of
the Celtic
fact
that
the
chanting
of
the
Vedic
ways
the
198 THE
One party, the anoiiia-
which
were
probably
allow
far
like
ourselves
have
existed
for
at
least
twenty
times
as
long.
hundred
thousand
years,
perhaps
more;
and
anything
we
Chinese—or even the
schaft
Von
der
Gabelentz
(1891)
has
suggested
the
possibility
that
isolation,
one another in
phonetic
attrition
from
causing
the
complete
destrnctii)n
fusion
down;
but
we
lay
{cause
to
lie)
a
book
on
the
table.
We
sit
down;
but
we
set
{cause
to
sit)
a
we
get
Old
High
German
gast-gesti
(mod.
Germ.
Gast-Gciste).
The
process
began
first
nut
(German
THE CLASSIFICATION
German
such
as:
gold-gild,
food-feed
(Fiitter-
fiittern),
sound
subjunctive
(e.g.
ich
iiahiii-ich
present
tense
and
originally
the
dialect
Navigations, Arabs
In addition to
other
peoples,
there
are
characteristic
for
things,
e.g.
bo-nyaki
serves for the
tional
fisher-writer-biiilder
class.
We
may
also
suppose
that
not
such
as
human
beings,
trees,
liquids,
things
the
first
two
Japanese
almost
invariably
suffix
in Aryan
the
very
flimsy
relation
to
origin
of
gender,
we
know
enough
luxuriance
the
of
a
vowel
pre-
ceded
bv
a
simple
consonant.
That
is
to
say
(p.
49)
the
syllable
is
like
a
are sisjn-
of
flexion
of
bouses
or
princes,
and
in
the
past
suffix
lanouaCTe
of
the
Greenland
Eskimo.
The
same
is
scientific knowledge has
CHAPTER VI
horticulture
or
of
natural
history,
without thinking
we
commonly
meet,
especially
the
nouns,
cause an
telephone
or
for
a
in
Uppsala
This
HOW TO
to
rules
of
grammar,
as
little
delay
The
the fourteenth
It shed
There was
a flourishing
trading enterprise
reach
the
To
become
language
conscious
in
detect
deel,
which
also
meant
a
part,
and
to
deal
an
is hospitable.
and
hospitality
obviouslv
share
large number
of words
of Teutonic
German.
In
allied languages
one
hand
and
the
German
words
Wind,
Wetter,
and
Wasser
or
their
English
equivalents
ivind,
ireather,
and
irater
LIST
223
of
and
Dutch,
and
food)
xevf
iiiein
(my)
or
AI,
e.g.
MAI
(May).
c)
The
HOW TO
LEARN BASIC
A, e.g. in
O,
e.g.
Danish
and
Norwegian
cor-
war
combinations
IE
(equivalent
to
Y
in
words
of
foreign
origin),
e.g.
in
niet
(not),
zvonn,
pert,
fir
3)
OE,
can
232 THE
spelling
of
prepositions
used
as
Danish
is made for all these differences of spelling or of
pronunciation,
a
serviceable
vocabulary
are
either
English
vocabulary
has
a
films,
latro,
and
consilhmi
respectively,
but
of the
meaning.
On
the
be-
ginner.
The
reason
for
this
is
in
the
course
of
centuries
through
metaphorical
usage,
through
specialization
or
through
are far less
and
how
the
sound
changes
arc
reflected
in
the
spelling
of
each.
LATIN
n
basic
period
when
Latin
except
in
Latin
p
or
240 THE
BASIC WORD
sound
LATIN
242 THE
the Greek K
and French, like English, adhere to the earlier Latin transliteration
PH
where
Scandinavians,
Spaniards,
TH
by
terms.
Twenty-five
During
the
fouith,
it
began
to
die
won
an
historic
memor\-
of
case
forms
of
the
hich are replaced
to
learn
a
Romance
laneuafje
w
consonants
thev still
Italian
G
is
and
French
J
^p.
-35).
\vhich
is
our
S
in
Traxnanr.
WTien
the
hard
c
and
g^
sounds
precede
in
cbocoljte
French
J
or
G
alone
in
lecon
(lesson)
chamois
or
cbMmpMgne.
Tlie
svmbol
J
in
rose.
The
the
LL
of
a
French
absence
of
an
k
sound.
Though
the
it has disappeared
other
is
insertion
of
an
auxiliarv
e.g.
a-t-il?
(has
evolution
the
nasal
consonants
.M
inhuniain,
own account,
protects the
K
Spanish
stress
arc
as
follow
s:
1
Words
accent,
e.g.
O L
.-,(;
coinctb
ue
rarely
To use
2^4
simplification.
nouns is
the choice
In literary
German the
is learning it, should
when used
criine
as
feminine,
Teutonic lan-
dcterviinative
accompanies
it.
The
next
museum
exhibit
266
have
been
leveled
The pronoun
making the
simple past.
Some verbs
{strong class)
Teutonic
dialects.
characteristic
of
inversion
first
word
in
a
simple
statement
(p.
147);
{b)
use
of
the
simple
interrogative,
e.g.
i::hat
say
yon?
(p.
130)
to
signify
(p.
142).
It
is important to note the wide range of the two epithets all
and
a
plural
or
before
a
singular
noun
e.g.
At
one
Teutonic
lancTuafres
are
strong,
the
causative
weak.
Cicrman
is
more
is
specifically
English-Norwegian
dictionaries
OUR T
tute
s
for
the
latter,
e.o-.
in
Swedish:
blir
or
bliver,
its
past
tense
blev
Norwegian, which has a
(Dan.
OUR TEUTONIC
neuter
noun
not
preceded
bv
a
demonstrative
when the
article
suffix
is
-en
(Swed.)
or
-ene
feg
bar
had
modern
Scandinavian
dialects
(e.g.
iv
to
v,]>
to
6
or
t
and
6
to
two
divisions
e.g.:
ik
hab
young Count
no,
about
that
can
you yourself becalm. For if I him it told had, so would he his way
to
the
Lady
mother
certainh'
even
without
me
already
found
have.
its
archaic
system
of
concord
inversion
of
kami
er
die
Aliete
nicht
bezahlen
Norse
community
Holy
the eighteenth
a
shop
The assistant
with
older and more
simpler than the
For
instance,
a
distinctive
geni-
tive
expressions
such
as
nach
Haiise
(home)
or
-EN.
3)
296 THE
translated
by
sein
(be),
e.g.:
it
OUR T
signif
(p.
89).
\'erbs
(I
have
298 THE
she
Holland
SOLLEN
(i)
obligation
(shall,
be
to,
ought
to)-:
lover
v.-as
soil
ich
tun?
construction
is
common,
e.g.:
F.r
lasst
verb
if
tenses
the
milk
are recognizably like
comparison
of
the
S
JO
I
b)
Der
bcgabt
Tlic
bov
who
has
copied
the
letter
is
vcrv
talented
The
preposition-pre/f.v, e.tr.
anêbraimt
(dare). In nnterscheiden
ticular
situations.
The
single
English
word
before
can
be
a
conjunction
er
es
sah
or
bevor
and
con-
directives inside,
we
have
largely
discarded
distinctions
already
here-hither
or
there-thither.
the
pre-
scribed
if it
below
the
window
er
transitive,
we
This prefix,
meaning
in
enormous number
of coup-
—misunderstand)
has
a
clearly
defined
meaning
ujeerde
present
subjunctive
form
of
most
other
verbs
is
(p.
203).
werde
bis
zmn
letztcv
Bliits-
questions,
e.g.
ich
fragte
ihn,
ob
er
init
der
Arbeit
fertig
sei
evolutionary relics.
listen
to
German
broadcasts.
For
the
latter
there
is
some
not true of
No
European
lan-
guage
is
more
German,
.
and
east
to
the
Danube.
In
all
these
parts
of
the
empire,
program.
THE LATIN
schooldays. It was
by
Latin
itself.
When
we
social elite. It
language im-
always,
as
it
is
now,
a
dead
language
sermo iirbanus,
or cultured
(clasp
or
brooch)
(Reading
from
who
were
throw-
ing
off
it
of Florence,
processes.
So
it
is
essentially
the
comparison
the
humanists
of
the
fifteenth
and
home
student
who
aims
at
becoming
more
language
conscious
Old
English
(p.
262)
had
four:
nominative
(subject),
accusative
(direct
object),
genitive
(possessive),
and
authors
a
Wilkins,
the
sugrorests
that
the
for772
form has a clear-cut
together, furnishes
its
case
system
was
already
withering
away.
The
old
instrumental
merged
w
ith
no
point
in
preserving
special
signs
for
relations
already
indicated,
and
indicated
much
more
explicitly,
by
the
preposition
of the case system was arrested for centuries during which
it
be
assigned
masculine, feminine, neuter,
Except
where
gender
distinguished
actual
sex,
which
was
irrelevant
to
the
nothing
of the
noun substitute
(door) placed
(good)
vielior
(better)
opt'nmis
(best).
The
most
backward
class
of
words
in
number
disastrously
ordered
English
functional and one,
IN AN Early
the
active
voice
in
two
moods:
to replace
brought.
This
suggests
that
the
uniformity
of
is
greater
than
guide to
conjugation
order of literary Latin
was amazingly free. In
greatest
By
the
time
used
to
discuss
whether
were not stressed
doubtedly
the
within
the
in-
flected
T H
•
nHlvn-aVT2:^FR3>l<]W-^H^lHH33
H3aHlV>|-^R> 3-WVaHC]T^HRIIR
WRHHR^nV:?lVHI>HRTn3IM
^3TTR8VgnWV5|RP5l3^3^
THE LATIN
French and Provcngal
ject case as
masculine.
Thus
On
the
contrary,
Through
use
and
abuse
the
meaning
of
the
the
noun
it
qualified,
and
(e.g.
arduiis,
ar-
form,
e.g.
Spanish
ian
signifies
exceedingly
as
in
es
the
article,
e.g.:
English
the
richest
man
Spanish
el
honibre
mas
rico
Italian
siecles (more
form
(p.
99).
disappearing
in
Scandinavian
dialects.
Its
place
was
taken
partly
by
the
active,
partly
by
C
Y
339
synthetic
the
later
been said
following
way.
In
Old
French,
non
had
\'ulgar
the
French
ne
As an
the
Latin had
T H
(hcaii
masc,
belle
fern.),
in
Italian
and
Spanish
{bello-heUa).
THF,
IBf.RIAN
OIAI.l.CTS
Roman
rule
extended
queror had
superseded that
of the
center
34<5
haver (Spanish haber) as a helper verb at an early
date.
affirmatii-e
flour-
What
monarchy, submerged
local dialects
and
a
half
millions
in
the
French
including
the
late
Havelock
Ellis,
for
but
provoked
a
nationalistic
reaction
in
the
peninsula,
in
than
a
quarter
of
a
million
account
Rumania corresponds roughly
official
language
is
Empire,
Western
ille
Jdonw.
for
with
English
words
of
Latin
origin
(p.
232);
line
with
adjec-
tives
is
-s,
that
of
Esperanto.
\\'hether
singular
or
plural,
native
Italian
nouns
on
p.
327)
declensions. Most of
-E,
e.g.
lago-laghi
e.g.
aimco-ainici
(friend-s),
regular
as
-S.
a
papel-papeis
(paper-papers).
Nouns
of
all
Italian,
Spanish,
and
jonn
of
the
sufficiently
illustrate
the
use
of
facile
(easy),
difficile,
rouge
(red),
articulate.
dame.
The
few
irregular
masculine
plural
forms
of
the
adjective
recall
those
of
nouns
with
the
same
singular
terminals.
If
est
heureux
culine
The masculine
toutes).
When
tous
stands
by
itself
without
a
noun
nearly always
homie
M O
I) I
4)
Pronouns
bueno
simple affirma-
verb,
e.g.:
English
is always
me
and
te
as
the
lows the
(and
propositions)
une surprise
3^8
nos lavamos
The
se
N
D
F.
the
unstressed
dative
form,
e.g.
se
loro),
Spanish
and
Portuguese
possessives
(cf.
viy-vi'me).,
contracted
{possessive
refers
a
feminine
yotir
his
house,
A N
Empire,
the
adjective
of
1789,
(Your Lordship). The plural of lei
is
loro.
with-
out
pronoun,
e.g.
ha
mangiato?
(have
you
eaten?).
When
a
Spaniard
addresses
a
more than
one person
).
or
Italian.
The
usual
equivalent
for
our
you
when
is o
is
tein
o
senhor
(or
a
senhora)
YOU
iste,
ille.
stand
alone
three,
like
(plur.)
in
in
the
table
cannot
be
cannot replace
qui est
As
subject
or
object
dice
(or
simply
die
be-
lieved
(they
believe).
Similarly
the
Italian
says
si
ends
in
-IR.
The
third
is
made
the
home
stu-
dent
of
-uyer,
substitute
I
for
Y
before
a
silent
E
or
a
consonant,
e.g.
essay
er
(attempt),
M
them.
to
comparatively
Italians
also
use
parts
of
avere
the
function
of
habere,
usual
that
the place
(especially if
it expresses
ownership,
profession,
e.g.:
Budapest
esta
ev
Hungria
b)
noun
complement,
e.g.:
French
verb
etre
with
a
present
participle
etre
en
talks
to
the
canary.
What
to
the
present
the
A
T
I
N
39
The
for/n
of
the
Latin
gerund
adjective or
M O
iards,
like
the
1-
rcnch,
a\
oid
usinu
passi\
e
constructions.
So
the
chi)ice
of
the
right
ternunal
rarcK
takes
the
place
frio
etre
and
avoir,
together
with
the
present
of
She
uses
aller
met him yesterday
to know because
gea?it:
Ce
nêst rien, c''est ?non mahre (At my approach his agate eyes
glanced
at
me
nothing,
strong,
and
the
je
construction
a
Both
in
living language, yet
help
him
to
regain
his
confidence.
The
first
is
that
()
the
following
advice:
since
the
subjunctive
say that
tional
statements
when
least
remote,
e.g.
{a)
if
tense form
the
if
a)
Spanish usage is
the
form
is
e.g.
corred.
ninos
wait ),
larity, it
oil
in
is
not
CHAPTER X
est
in
the
the
Malayo-Pohnesian
group.
Though
manv
made w
ith more
to
mention
of
India,
spoken
by
some
230
Baltic
countries
by
Jewish
refugees
languages
spoken
in
confined
to
Hungary,
Esthonia,
Finland,
latter half
of the
X'edas,
a
collection
4^2
from the
foreigner
England;
the
Delhi
Court.
to
peoples
completely
disappeared.
Particles
cases.
tradition
some
two
and
a
half
million
people,
Lettish
that
of
about
one
and
a
forms
in-
significance.
respite,
dialects
belong
Welsh
and
Breton,
each
spoken
by
a
million
people,
compare
them
with
personal
con-
+
it, (=i
The
Irish
as
or
is,
bin,
Persian
biidan,
Old
verb. In his
or
ngbar,
char
her
kinsman,
fy
nghar
my
kinsman.
In
short,
the
beginning
4^6
the
Semitic
scriptions and
THE DISEASES
1625
heresy
with
later
once
only as
succeeded
4^8
THE LOOM
chanted
the
latter
half
of
the
nineteenth
century.
Scholars
of
mechanics,
medicine,
astronomy,
disappeared
in
the
second and
crrisenicnr.
Sonic
400
wholesale
denudation
of
final
of
us
are
just
these
small
words.
By
the
rely
on
an
grammatical
niche
to
another;
and
what
we
call
the
parts
of
speech
have
little
to
do
with
how
Chinese
words
MA
(to
asrain
we
singer
(p.
438)
PEI
means
the
back,
and
in
the
first
tone
it
means
to
carry
on
a
peremptory
command,
is surprising
JI--X
understand)
There
German
duplicates
reason
that
the
number
of
pronounceable
syllables
cannot
be
equal
to
the
number
of
THE D
the
differences of spelling
sov:,
or
the
sentence in
are
few
compared
with
the
peculiar
safe-
Difference
we
can
get
a
hint
ever became aware of
I II
list, if
{see
or
build)
RoiJiatzyk puts
as
single
units
like
playhouse
and
houseivife.
Absence
of
numeral
super-
the
service
of
the
iroxcrnment.
the range of
ideograms are
used for
T H
of the structure
transcribed
manufacture
of
safeguards against
S
I
S
OF
often
usage)
of
etre.
There
is
no
copula.
For
no
literal
equivalent
for
the
Cartesian
claptrap
sympathetic
study.
,
Latin
made
learned
Europeans
a
statutes
demanded
troiii
its
I' I
and
the
the first proposals
of
Lan-
groups
gineer
headline
idiom
(p.
120).
Case
goes
names.
To
P I
jiuhlislKil
(Jon-
fusion,
or
a much
w
ield\'
iniproNing
the
I'nuiish
lanij;uagc.
A
It being
Ap-
parentlw
a letter
and,
already
possess
such
symbols
as
coun-
tries,
these
In-
bv
and not
factual
matter.
The
anthropomorphic
outlook
of
the
inaking
a
the
second
species
under
this
^
)
|
.
founded
upon
the
philos-
oph\'
of
loops,
etc.,
for
Where
the
dictionary
form
of
one
make his
language audible.
Japanese
sort.
bv
So,
and
the
last
(ecclesiastical)
by
Sy.
Subdivisions
der
we
would
be
equally
fatuous
overhaul
of
the
catalogue.
The
to
sis
supplies
we
can
others.
The
versatile
lin-
He
could
learn
spoken
by
by
45*5
it is
comes
of the latter. \Mien all this sanitary demolition is over,
the only
would
qualify
an
between
(Thing).
Thus
Idem
est
Fetriis
P I
half
of
the
nineteenth
century.
Thev
started
from
a
preconceived
logical
system
w
to
system
w
hich
revolutionized
be-
came
of
highly
inflected
four
of
his
such,
no
one
could
of
guistic
progress.
Part
of
the
ith
due
regard
to
any
merits
4*^2
\\
wortl
I'cld
as
ft'/,
in
Volapiik
comes
from
ii-orld,
and
pi/k
from
speech?
The
method
of
word
(hydropsy),
4^4
Societv of London declined the invita-
tion with thanks,
human
recognition,
tradi-
Indeed,
Before
Volapiik,
far
better
artificial
languages
had
appeared
on
the
The reader
who compares
com-
pletely
it
had
grow
4<^6
when
inspiration
learned
to
recognize
the
chaotic
superfluity
of
was
English
as
a
child,
and
I
Ic
in Czarist
1905
the
government
of
the
French
Republic
(but based
translations,
text-
books,
Great
Britain
it
was
popular
in
4<58
piik,
which
word falls
invariably on
words
express
the
main
theme
of
prevent
accumulation
of
Esperanto has
K L A
direction
in
mav
use
the
accusati\
{aiiiata loved, mitita
the
Esperanto
for
iiational.
A
from
add
to
kano
{cane
French)
corresponding
to
our
adjective
canine.
In
deference
of the
schemes, Esperanto itself
Ido.
system of
derivative affixes
has been
Esperantido
by
resentatives of the Aryan
grammar.
The
most
inter-
esting,
by
So we get
Spanish
usage.
The
language planning
has been
ignored
philology
has
the
same
he
tenses,
e.g.
me
protekte,
I
protect,
one which
altriman
kam
li
okules
de
altri
homes,
e
P I
C)
F
if
we
are
to
give
an
intelligible
definition
of
everyday objects in
dispute
the
takes
ad-
vantage
of
the
enormous
number
of
distinctive
elements
\\-hich
and
one
soul:
neither
said
were pos-
sold
them,
and
into
and philanthropic
lanCTuaije
extends
far
far
behind
several
European
comes West's
an
essential
people
can
to
P I
Thus our hopes
the
official
African
chil-
which
must
dictate
a
prob-
efforts
of
the
pio-
have been
4^8
French
an
international
sleep-
more
diverse
speech
habits
discover
enjoys
the
prestige
planning
On account of
its vast
the
planet,
such
a
choice
are
for-
Admittedly
Apple
trees
come crashing
down on
prevent
a
new
disaster.
Such
not intimidate
less
dispersion over
operate.
Indeed,
we
have
experience
to
sustain
a
case,
experience
shows
that
geographical
isolation
during
several
centuries
To be an
pioneer-work
of
Ogden
and
the
essential
features
of
satisfactory
P L
of
X'olapiik;
if
be surprised by the
Since
the
Ref-
simple
rule
for
choice
of
the
nominative
or
accusative
case
form
of
a
applies
/
49<^ THE
importance
than
of
their
erratic
be-
havior.
an
incitement
to
people
the
world
the
ideality
of
the
relativity
of
the
reality
of
an
infinitesimal
portion
of
the
absolute
totality
of
the
hifinite
Being.
Irregularities,
lifeless in receive,
otherwise behave
of speech.
in
The
order
of
too
simple
methods
of
teaching
Anglo-American
with
a
about
the
A
X
F.
W
O
more
common
procedure,
the
sheep
it
qualifies,
the
second
because
it
foUon'S
and
qualifies
the
word
fat.
Unless
we
have
some
flexional
mark
such
as
every
combination
of
a
particular
adverb
of
of
precedence
cases.
A
constructive
conclusion
which
emerges
from
the
preceding
dis-
cussion
script;
(d)
the
two
proj-
P L
ahsurditv. A vocabulary
carried
out.
The
pioneers
RoiHiWal
and
Peano's
Interlingua,
basis
P L
of
internationaliza-
tion
in
words
projects might well
of
time w hen schoolboys w ould chatter about heterodyne out-
fits,
periscopic
lighthcartedly
as
they
had
time.
One
is
thousaiul.
atul
in
the
I'nglish
section
of
rench,
we
ourselves
have
w
ords
almost self-evident that classifving
priate definition may
Aryan languages often prescribes. Even within
the
framework
of
acceptable
Anglo-American
name
with
essential
vocabulary
by
adopting
Economical
w
hich
may
point
the
wav
or
social
attributes
sharp
signifying
general
our
hopes
un-
duly.
The
Consequently, the
English pattern
and use them in the same way. The word economy
of
Basic
should
a
sixteen-verb
to
list
of
verbs.
similar
economies,
if
we
had
-^n
evcrvda\'
equi\
alent
for
the
forms
for
the
directives
after
and
hefore,
we
do
not
need
a
the focus of
two
hundred
words
and
three
or
four
times
as
to the
as
in
Grimm's
so we should now be able to specify what relations
and
concepts
tentatively
or
fully
such inconsistencies as exist
devices
remain
half-
exploited.
Grammarians
say
be
difficult
to
have to
take stock
clusters
of
most
peoples
and
the
Far
East,
to
comparatively
crude
dis-
tinctions,
saying.
P L
the
language
must
speech differs from
which the
the
ear
flexions common to
of printing.
much
simpler
than
Es-
peranto,
though
human
collaboration
APPENDIX I
LANGUAGE M
LANGUAGE MUSEUM
56b 1
L A
5^8
L A
N Ci
LANGUAGE M
L A
LANGUAGE MUSEUM
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The Loom of Language