The Long Road to EqualityThe Long Road to Equality

Mr. Stimson’s History of the Mr. Stimson’s History of the Women’s Suffrage MovementWomen’s Suffrage Movement

SuffrageSuffrage – the right or privilege of – the right or privilege of voting; also sometimes called voting; also sometimes called “franchise”.“franchise”.

SuffragetteSuffragette - a female activist who - a female activist who

advocated advocated suffrage forsuffrage for women. women.

Suffrage Has Been Expanding Suffrage Has Been Expanding

Throughout US HistoryThroughout US History

1515thth Amendment (1870) – African- Amendment (1870) – African-American males won suffrage.American males won suffrage.

1919thth Amendment (1920) – Women won Amendment (1920) – Women won the franchise.the franchise.

2626thth Amendment (1971) – People Amendment (1971) – People between ages 18 and 20 won the right between ages 18 and 20 won the right to vote.to vote.

The The Seneca Falls Seneca Falls ConventionConvention

On July 19, 1848 On July 19, 1848 the first woman's the first woman's rights convention rights convention held in the United held in the United States met for States met for two days in two days in Seneca Falls, New Seneca Falls, New York. As a result, York. As a result, it is often called it is often called the birthplace of the birthplace of the feminist the feminist movement.movement.

Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

Stanton's role Stanton's role was that of was that of thinker and thinker and writer for the writer for the women's women's movement in movement in all its phases. all its phases.

Her Her Declaration Declaration

of Sentimentsof Sentiments, , presented at presented at the Seneca Falls the Seneca Falls Convention in Convention in 1848, is often 1848, is often credited with credited with initiating the initiating the organized organized woman's rights woman's rights movement in movement in the United the United States. States.

At the same At the same time, Elizabeth time, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Cady Stanton managed a managed a household of household of seven seven children. children.

Susan B. Susan B. Anthony Anthony often went to often went to Stanton's Stanton's home and home and helped take helped take care of her care of her children children while Stanton while Stanton did her did her intellectual intellectual writing.writing.

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

(1820-1906)(1820-1906)

Anthony was the Anthony was the organizational and organizational and tactical genius of tactical genius of the suffragist the suffragist movement, movement, traveling traveling thousands of miles thousands of miles throughout the throughout the United States and United States and Europe, and giving Europe, and giving 75 to 100 75 to 100 speeches per year speeches per year on suffrage and on suffrage and women's rights for women's rights for some 45 years. some 45 years.

At three years At three years

of age she was of age she was already able to already able to read and write. read and write. In 1826, despite In 1826, despite her natural her natural intelligence, a intelligence, a teacher refused teacher refused to teach her to teach her long division long division due to her due to her gender.gender.

Susan B. Susan B. Anthony was Anthony was an activist an activist for the for the causes of causes of temperance temperance (the (the outlawing of outlawing of liquor) and liquor) and abolition abolition (the ending (the ending of slavery).of slavery).

In 1851In 1851 she attended she attended

a New York State a New York State temperance temperance convention and convention and attempted to speak. attempted to speak. She was rebuked She was rebuked and told, "The ladies and told, "The ladies have been invited to have been invited to listen and learn and listen and learn and not to speak." She not to speak." She immediately formed immediately formed a female a female temperance society.temperance society.

NWSANWSA In 1869, Susan B. In 1869, Susan B.

Anthony and Elizabeth Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded Cady Stanton founded the National Woman's the National Woman's Suffrage Association, an Suffrage Association, an organization dedicated organization dedicated to gaining women's to gaining women's suffrage. Anthony was suffrage. Anthony was vice president of the vice president of the NWSA until 1892, when NWSA until 1892, when she became president.she became president.

Anthony was arrested for illegally voting in the 1872 Presidential Election. She

pled not guilty, asserting that the 14th amendment entitled

her to vote because it provides that all "persons" (which includes females)

born in the US are "citizens" who shall not be denied the

"privileges" of citizenship (which includes voting).

At the trial, At the trial,

Anthony made her Anthony made her famous famous On On Women's Right to Women's Right to VoteVote speech, speech, which asserted which asserted that casting her that casting her vote in the vote in the previous previous presidential presidential election was not a election was not a crime but the legal crime but the legal right of a United right of a United States citizen.States citizen.

Susan B. Anthony Found Susan B. Anthony Found Guilty!Guilty!

On June 18, 1873, Anthony was On June 18, 1873, Anthony was sentenced to pay a $100 fine. sentenced to pay a $100 fine. She responded to the judge, She responded to the judge, "May it please your honor, I will "May it please your honor, I will never pay a dollar of your unjust never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty." She never did pay the penalty." She never did pay the fine, and the government never fine, and the government never pursued her for nonpayment.pursued her for nonpayment.

Anthony Anthony displayed her displayed her skill by skill by appearing appearing before every before every Congress Congress between 1869 between 1869 and 1906 on and 1906 on behalf of behalf of women's women's suffrage.suffrage.

In 1979 Susan In 1979 Susan B. Anthony was B. Anthony was honored as the honored as the first real-life first real-life American American woman on woman on circulating U.S. circulating U.S. coinage with coinage with her appearance her appearance on the Anthony on the Anthony Dollar. Dollar.

Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells

In 1891 Ida B. In 1891 Ida B. Wells launched Wells launched a nation-wide a nation-wide anti-lynching anti-lynching campaign after campaign after the murder of the murder of three black three black businessmen in businessmen in Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee. Tennessee.

In 1910, Wells In 1910, Wells helped form the helped form the NAACP.NAACP.

She founded the She founded the first Black first Black women’s suffrage women’s suffrage organization in organization in 1913.1913.

In 1930, she ran In 1930, she ran for the Illinois for the Illinois state legislature, state legislature, one of the first one of the first black women black women ever to run for ever to run for public office.public office.

The Three Strategies Used To The Three Strategies Used To Achieve Women’s SuffrageAchieve Women’s Suffrage

Lobby state Lobby state legislatures to grant legislatures to grant women the vote. By women the vote. By the early 1900s, the early 1900s, women's groups had women's groups had won the right to vote won the right to vote in 12 states. in 12 states.

Court cases to test the Court cases to test the 1414thth Amendment. Amendment.

National amendment National amendment to the US Constitution.to the US Constitution.

Opponents of SuffrageOpponents of Suffrage The primary The primary

objection to objection to woman suffrage is woman suffrage is that it would add that it would add an enormous army an enormous army of unqualified of unqualified voters to the huge voters to the huge mass of them that mass of them that vote now. – vote now. – LifeLife Magazine Magazine November 15, November 15, 19061906

Proponents of Women’s Proponents of Women’s SuffrageSuffrage

The Nineteenth AmendmentThe Nineteenth Amendment

In 1920 theIn 1920 the

NineteenthNineteenth

AmendmentAmendment

was ratified,was ratified,

grantinggranting

women thewomen the

right to vote.right to vote.