The Lincoln Drivers Report · 2019. 5. 20. · people aged in their 20s is the university, which esablished itself as the University of Lincoln in 2001. Since this time, the number

The

Lincoln Drivers Report

Spring 2013

cmason

Text Box

APPENDIX A

1

Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................3

2. Executive Summary...................................................................................4

3. Map of Lincoln............................................................................................5

4. Lincoln Demographics ..............................................................................6

4.1 Residents............................................................................................6

4.2 Age .....................................................................................................7

4.3 Students..............................................................................................9

4.4 Population Density............................................................................10

4.5 Ethnicity ............................................................................................11

5.Migration....................................................................................................12

5.1 Migrant Workers ...............................................................................12

5.2 Main Language Spoken....................................................................14

5.3 Proficiency in English........................................................................16

6. The Labour Market...................................................................................17

6.1 Unemployment..................................................................................17

6.2 Reliance on the Public Sector...........................................................18

6.3 Social Grade .....................................................................................19

6.4 Active Enterprises.............................................................................20

7. Educational Attainment...........................................................................21

8. Poverty......................................................................................................23

8.1 Child Poverty ....................................................................................23

8.2 Fuel Poverty......................................................................................25

8.3 Income..............................................................................................26

9. Health........................................................................................................27

9.1 Life Expectancy ................................................................................27

9.2 Suicide..............................................................................................29

9.3 Injuries to Children............................................................................30

9.4 Heart Disease and Stroke.................................................................31

9.5 Cancer ..............................................................................................32

9.6 Smoking............................................................................................33

9.7 Fitness ..............................................................................................34

9.8 Mental Health....................................................................................35

2

10. Housing...................................................................................................36

10.1 Residential Households ..................................................................36

10.2 Central Heating...............................................................................37

10.3 Housing Affordability .......................................................................38

10.4 Affordable Housing Waiting List......................................................39

10.5 Mortgage Possession Orders .........................................................40

11. Crime.......................................................................................................41

11.1 Overall Crime..................................................................................41

11.2 Burglary ..........................................................................................42

11.3 Robbery ..........................................................................................43

11.4 Sexual Offences .............................................................................44

11.5 Vehicle Crime .................................................................................45

11.6 Violence ..........................................................................................46

11.7 UK Peace Index..............................................................................47

12. The Environment....................................................................................48

12.1 City Council Emissions ...................................................................48

12.2 Citywide Emissions.........................................................................49

13. Conclusion .............................................................................................50

3

1. Introduction The Lincoln Drivers Report is published twice a year. It encompasses a breadth of information, and focuses on the key demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of, and challenges to, Lincoln. In doing this, it acts as the evidence base behind the City of Lincoln Council’s Strategic Priorities. It uses information sourced from the City of Lincoln Council, as well as other organisations. This enables the city council, along with all its partners, to use this information when developing strategic direction, creating and implementing policy, and ensuring resources continue to be targeted where needed most. It is a valuable source of summary information, all contained in one document. It draws and collates information from across the full range of quality of life indicators, and so paints a unique picture of what it’s like to live and work in the city. The report is therefore a vital tool to use when planning the delivery of services across the public sector.

Further Information If you have any questions or comments concerning this report, or require further information, please use the contact details below. Write to: James Wilkinson Policy and Strategic Information Officer City of Lincoln Council City Hall Beaumont Fee Lincoln LN1 1DD Email: [email protected]

4

2. Executive Summary Lincoln has witnessed a significant population expansion between 2001 and 2011, increasing by 8.8% to 93,100 residents. A key reason for this growth in residents is due to the 49.3% increase in the numbers of people aged 20-24. This ties in with the expansion of the university, which established as the University of Lincoln in 2001. The steady inflow of migrant workers to the city has also spurred population growth, with 910 migrants registering to work in Lincoln in 2011/12. These two catalysts for population growth are in addition to natural population growth through births. Lincoln’s labour market continues to experience some challenges. The issue of high unemployment in the city risks being exascerbated by ongoing cuts to public expenditure. The city relies considerably on the public sector as a source of employment. Young people in the city are also experiencing problems, with educational attainment in Lincoln remaining lower than in Lincolnshire. The gap between the city and the county is widest at KS4, with rates becoming particularly low when Maths and English are taken into account. In addition, almost one quarter of children in Lincoln are classified as living in poverty, with rates even higher in areas traditionally associated as containing areas of deprivation. Poverty extends beyond the experiences of children, with a higher proportion of households in Lincoln estimated to be in fuel poverty than both the region and country. Income, which is a core component of our undestanding of poverty, has increased recently, although still remains below regional and national levels. Despite lagging behind national levels, both male and female life expectancies have improved. A concern is the high rate of mortality from suicides and undetermined injury, causing Lincoln to rank worst amongst all local authorities in England. The city also has a high rate of hospital admissions due to injuries to children. Lincoln’s housing is shown to be more affordable than across both the county and country, with average house pirces 4.8 times higher than average pay, compared to 6.0 times higher in Lincolnshire, and 6.7 times higher in England. Despite this, homes in Lincoln are over time becoming less affordable. To add to this, the 2011 Census shows that almost 1,000 homes in the city have no central heating. On a positive note, overall crime in the city has fallen from a rate of 100.5 per 1,000 population in 2003-2004, to a rate of 61.4 in 2011-2012. Nevertheless, some specific challenges exist. Lincoln is ranked as 14th worst performing authority in England for sexual offences, and 10th worst performing authority in England for hospital admissions due to violence.

5

3. Map of Lincoln

Source: City of Lincoln Council (2008)

6

4. Lincoln Demographics

4.1 Residents

The mid 2011 population estimates show there are 93,100 residents living in Lincoln. Over the 10 years between 2001 and 2011 the population of Lincoln increased by 8.8%. This is slightly higher than the regional and national rates of expansion1.

Area Population in

2001 Population in 2011 Percentage

increase

Lincoln 85,600 93,100 8.8%

East Midlands 4,189,600 4,537,400 8.3%

England 49,499,700 53,107,200 7.3% Source: ONS Mid 2011 Population Estimates (2012)

Number of Residents in Lincoln by Ward in 2011

8,520

13,975

7,540

6,471

8,663

7,5047,2877,4017,2897,465

11,426

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Bra

cebr

idge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Nu

mb

er

of

resid

en

ts

Source: ONS (2012) 2011 Census

1 ONS (2012) Mid 2011 Population Estimates (2012)

7

4.2 Age

The graph below shows the numbers of residents by each age group. Much of the increase in the city’s population from 2001 to 2011 has been due to the growth in residents aged in their 20s. Part of the reason for this increase in people aged in their 20s is the university, which esablished itself as the University of Lincoln in 2001. Since this time, the number of residents aged 20-24 has increased by 49.3%2.

Age of Lincoln Residents

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

0-9 10-19 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s +

Age Range

Nu

mb

er

of

Resid

en

ts

Lincoln 2001

Lincoln 2011


Changes in specific age bands:

• 0-14 age group reduced by 1,900 people to 14,300 residents (a decrease of 11.7%).

• 15-29 age group increased by 7,300 people to 26,800 residents (an increase of 37.4%).

• 30-64 age group increased by 2,400 people to 39,100 residents (an increase of 6.5%).

• 65+ age group increased by 400 people to 13,400 residents (an increase of 3.1%).


8

The most populous wards in the city are Carholme, Abbey, and Park. These populations also have high proportions of residents in their 20s. This is particularly the case in Carholme where almost two thirds of residents are in this age group3. 0-9 10-19 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80+

Abbey 10% 11% 28% 16% 13% 9% 6% 4% 4%

Birchwood 15% 12% 16% 13% 13% 11% 10% 6% 3%

Boultham 9% 11% 15% 12% 14% 13% 11% 8% 7%

Bracebridge 11% 13% 10% 12% 17% 15% 11% 7% 5%

Carholme 6% 20% 39% 10% 8% 7% 5% 3% 2%

Castle 10% 10% 20% 13% 13% 11% 10% 8% 6%

Glebe 14% 14% 15% 14% 14% 11% 10% 6% 3%

Hartsholme 11% 11% 12% 13% 15% 13% 13% 7% 5%

Minster 11% 13% 12% 11% 14% 12% 12% 8% 8%

Moorland 11% 13% 12% 11% 14% 13% 12% 8% 5%

Park 12% 11% 25% 15% 12% 10% 7% 4% 3% Source: ONS (2012) 2011 Census



0-9 10-19 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80+ Total

Abbey 1,155 1,204 3,146 1,866 1,472 1,046 677 436 424 11,426

Birchwood 1,264 1,024 1,371 1,142 1,142 927 852 524 274 8,520

Boultham 708 844 1,124 885 1,069 944 829 561 501 7,465

Bracebridge 786 925 726 904 1,213 1,082 830 488 335 7,289

Carholme 779 2,857 5,396 1,382 1,108 956 743 452 302 13,975

Castle 726 749 1,492 1,006 966 851 728 570 452 7,540

Glebe 1,052 1,000 1,081 1,001 1,011 827 770 414 245 7,401

Hartsholme 681 695 798 847 970 857 827 451 345 6,471

Minster 784 965 908 775 1,002 845 877 569 562 7,287

Moorland 859 1,010 884 810 1,067 952 886 633 403 7,504

Park 1,023 981 2,187 1,327 1,062 843 564 378 298 8,663

9

4.3 Students

A potential reason for the large number of people aged in their 20s in Carholme ward could be due to the cluster of students in this area. The 2011 Census shows an estimated 6,000 students living in this area, accounting for 43.0% of the ward’s population4. However, it should be noted that students can be of any age, and this does not just include university students, but any full time student between the ages of 16 and 74.

Number of Residents aged 16-74 in 2011 that are Full Time

Students

1,060

6,006

250

829355524383621339444373

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Bra

cebr

idge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Nu

mb

er

of

Stu

den

ts


4 ONS (2012) 2011 Census: Full Time Students

10

4.4 Population Density

Being an urban area, Lincoln has a high 2011 population density of 26 residents per hectare. This is greater than the region and national population density rates, which are naturally influenced by a considerable amount of sparsley populated rural areas.


Some areas of Lincoln are naturally more densley populated than others. Glebe has the highest population density in the city of 49.5 residents per hectare. This is influenced by the geographically compact nature of Glebe. Other wards such as Boultham have a much lower population density (13.4 residents per hectare). This is due to a large agricultural area north of Swanpool5.

Number of Residents per Hectare in 2011

19.1

34.8

13.4

32.2

22.6

38.7

49.5

22.9

32.134.5 34.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Bra

cebr

idge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Resid

en

ts p

er

Hecta

re


5 ONS (2012) Population density

Area Hectares Persons per Hectare

Lincoln 3,569 26

East Midlands 1,560,634 3

England 13,027,872 4

11

4.5 Ethnicity

Although less so than across the East Midlands and England, Lincoln is becoming an increasingly diverse place. In 2001, 5% of residents were from a black and minority ethnic group, this increased to 11% in 2011.

Area

Proportion of the population for a Black

and Minority Ethnic Group in 2001

Proportion of the population for a Black and Minority

Ethnic Group in 2011

Lincoln 4.5% 10.57% East Midlands 8.7% 14.60%

England 13.0% 20.25% Source: ONS (2002) 2001 Census, ONS (2012) 2011 Census

The highest proportions of ethnic minority groups are in Abbey (20.8%) followed by Park (17.4%)6. These areas include the downhill part of the city centre.

Ethnicity of Residents by Ward

92.9%91.0%

93.0%88.7%

82.6%

94.1%94.9% 94.3%94.8%

79.2%

87.1%

20.8%

7.1% 9.0% 5.1%12.9%

7.0%11.3% 5.2% 5.9% 5.7%

17.4%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Bra

cebr

idge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f R

esid

en

ts

White British

Black and

Minority Ethnic

Group


6 ONS (2012) 2011 Census

12

5.Migration

5.1 Migrant Workers

The number of migrant workers settling in Lincoln, reduced from 1,130 in 2010/11, to 910 in 2011/12. Over the last 10 years, (2002/03-2011/12) there have been more than 9,000 migrant workers settling in Lincoln. There is, however, no way to monitor how long these migrant workers stay in the city, with some either returning to their country of origin, or moving elsewhere in the country7.

Migrant Workers: National Insurance Registrations made to Overseas

Nationals

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Reg

istr

ati

on

s

Source: DWP (2013) NI Registrations to Overseas Nationals


Of the 910 migrant workers that entered Lincoln in 2011/12, their country of origins were:

• 69.0% from Central and Eastern Europe

• 13.8% from Western Europe

• 13.8% from Asia

• 1.1% from Africa

• 1.1% from North America

• 1.1% from Australasia

7 DWP (2013) National Insurance Registrations to Overseas Nationals

2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Lincoln 340 450 1,050 1,280 1,320 1,190 870 760 1,130 910

13

The three most common countries of origin were Poland (200 migrant workers), Latvia (170 migrant workers), and Lithuania (170 migrant workers). The most common areas of destination in Lincoln were Park and Abbey, where 1,515 and 1,325 migrant workers settled respectively between 2007/08 and 2011/12. This is followed by Boultham and Carholme, where 715 and 510 migrant workers have settled respectively8. Once again, it should be noted that, although these are recorded as their areas of destination, it does not mean this is where they have remained. Interesting parallels however can be drawn between this migrant worker data, and the ethnicity data explored in section 4.5. As previously noted, Abbey and Park have the highest rates of BME residents. This is likely to be, to some extent, influenced by the number of migrant workers settling in these areas.

Migrant Workers: National Insurance Registrations made to Overseas Nationals

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010 2010/2011 2011/2012

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Reg

istr

ati

on

s

Abbey

Birchwood

Boultham

Bracebridge

Carholme

Castle

Glebe

Hartsholme

Minster

Moorland

Park


2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Abbey 340 265 195 305 220

Birchwood 25 15 15 15 15

Boultham 155 145 90 175 150

Bracebridge 15 10 10 10 5

Carholme 135 85 80 120 90

Castle 40 40 20 50 40

Glebe 40 40 35 50 50

Hartsholme 20 10 10 15 20

Minster 25 10 15 20 10

Moorland 10 10 20 20 10

Park 375 240 265 355 280


8 DWP (2013) National Insurance Registrations to Overseas Nationals

14

5.2 Main Language Spoken

Given the increasing ethnic diversity, and inflow of migrant workers, it is interesting to note the ‘main languages’ spoken in Lincoln. 2011 Census data shows there are more than 60 different languages spoken in Lincoln (this includes sign languages), with 5,259 residents aged 3+ having a language other than English as their main language. This is also highest in Abbey and Park where a combined 2,483 residents have a language other than English as their main language9.


9 ONS (2012) 2011 Census

15

In each of the eleven Lincoln wards, Polish is the most common non-English main language. Across the city, there are 2,223 residents whose main language is Polish. This is followed by Lithuanian speakers who total 41210.


10

ONS (2012) 2011 Census

16

5.3 Proficiency in English

Just because a person does not speak English as their main language, does not mean they lack proficiency in English. The chart below shows the distribution of residents that either cannot speak English, or cannot speak English well. Overall, there are an estimated 204 residents in Lincoln that cannot speak English, and 1,192 that cannot speak English well. The highest numbers of people that cannot speak English, or cannot speak English well, are in Abbey and Park. As already noted, these areas have the highest numbers of residents whose main language is not English11.

Proficiency in English in 2011

56

144

17 822

1 8 8

40

345

65

109

18

5526

279

2938

134

35

85

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Abbey

Birchw

ood

Boulth

am

Brace

brid

ge

Car

holm

e

Cas

tle

Glebe

Har

tsho

lme

Min

ster

Moo

rland

Park

Ward

Nu

mb

er

of

Re

sid

en

ts

Cannot

Speak

English

Cannot

Speak

English Well


11


17

6. The Labour Market

6.1 Unemployment

In February 2013, Lincoln’s unemployment claimant rate was 5.2%, compared to 3.8% in the East Midlands, and 3.9% in Great Britain. This, in real terms, accounts for 3,367 unemployment claimants living in Lincoln, a marginal reduction from 3,377 unemployment claimants in February 2012. The unemployment claimant rate varies widely between wards, with Abbey and Park having high rates of 8.9% and 8.0% in February 2013 respectively, and Bracebridge and Hartsholme having low rates of 2.7% and 3.1% respectively12.

Unemployment Claimant Rate

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

Jan-

10

Apr

-10

Jul-1

0

Oct

-10

Jan-

11

Apr

-11

Jul-1

1

Oct-1

1

Jan-

12

Apr

-12

Jul-1

2

Oct-1

2

Jan-

13

Month-Year

Un

em

plo

ym

en

t C

laim

an

t R

ate

Lincoln

East Midlands

Great Britain

Source: DWP (2013) Jobseeker’s Allowance Claimants

Unemployment Claimant Rate by Ward

3.8%

6.0% 5.9%

8.0%

3.1%2.7%

5.9%

8.9%

6.9% 6.4%

3.6%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Bra

cebr

idge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Un

em

plo

ym

en

t C

laim

an

t R

ate

Source: DWP (2013) Jobseeker’s Allowance Claimants

12

ONS (2013) Unemployment Claimant Rate

18

6.2 Reliance on the Public Sector

The ONS estimates that, in the East Midlands, 17.7% of employees (365,000) work in the public sector, mostly in education (111,000), the NHS (96,000) and public administration (66,000). The Business Register and Employment Survey (2011) shows there are 15,131 employees in Lincoln working in the public sector, accounting for 29.0% of all employees. In contrast, there are 388,530 employees in the East Midlands that work in the public sector, accounting for 20.4% of all employees (different to the aforementioned 17.7% due to different data sources). Business Register Employment Survey data for all 326 district and unitary authorities in England, shows Lincoln has the 21st highest proportion of employees working in the public sector. This puts the city in the top 10% of areas in England for reliance on the public sector for employment13. This poses a potential risk to employment in Lincoln given cuts to public expenditure.

13

ONS (2012) BRES 2011

19

6.3 Social Grade

The 2011 Census provides us with an approximated social grade for residents aged 16-64. The social grades are:

• AB: Higher and intermediate managerial / administrative / professional occupations

• C1: Supervisory, clerical and junior managerial / administrative / professional occupations

• C2: Skilled manual occupations

• DE: Semi-skilled and unskilled occupations, unemployed and lowest grade occupations

The data shows Lincoln has a lower proportion of the highest social grade residents than in the East Midlands and England, with only 15.5% of 16-64 residents belonging to higher and intermediate professions (compared to 20.0% in the East Midlands and 23.0% in England). In contrast, one third of Lincoln residents are estimated to be in the lowest social grade occupations (33.4%), compared to only 27.9% of East Midlands residents, and 25.5% of England residents14.

Proportion of 16-64 population by approximated Social Grade

33.4%

21.4%

29.6%

15.5%

29.5%

22.6%

27.9%

20.0%

25.5%

20.6%

30.9%

23.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

Social grade AB Social grade C1 Social grade C2 Social grade DE

Approximate Social Grade

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f 16-6

4 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

East Midlands

England

Source: 2011 Census

14


20

6.4 Active Enterprises

The number of active enterprises in Lincoln saw a sharp drop of 7.1% in 2010, larger than the countywide drop of 4.3% to 23,990 active enterprises in 2010. It is estimated that there were 2,435 active enterprises in Lincoln in 201115.

Number of Active Enterprises in Lincoln*

2,615

2,4352,430

2,6102,615

2,300

2,350

2,400

2,450

2,500

2,550

2,600

2,650

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

En

terp

rises

Source: LRO (2012) Active Enterprises

*Defined as businesses that had either turnover or employment at anytime during the year

15

ONS (2012) Number of Active Enterprises cited by LRO (2012) Number of Active Enterprises

21

7. Educational Attainment Educational attainment in Lincoln remains lower than county rates. The gap between Lincoln and Lincolnshire is widest at KS4. Between 2010/11 and 2011/12, attainment has dropped at both KS1 (from 75.5% to 74.6%) and KS4 (from 54.8% to 49.0%). In contrast, KS2 attainment saw an increase (from 69.0% to 79.1%)16.

Educational Attainment in 2011/12

49.0%

80.6% 81.2%79.1%

74.6%

62.1%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

KS1 KS2 KS4*

Key Stage

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f P

up

ils

Lincoln

Lincolnshire

Source: LRO (2012) Educational Attainment *including English and Maths

An interesting point to note is the difference between two different measures of KS4 attainment. The first, (shown in the chart above), is the proportion of KS4 students achieving five or more GCSEs grade A*-C including English and Maths (Lincoln: 49.0%, Lincolnshire: 62.1%). The second is the same measure, except it does not include English and Maths as a requirement (Lincoln: 84.3%, Lincolnshire: 85.9%). For the latter measure, the gap between Lincoln and Lincolnshire is much narrower (only two percentage points). The gap increases to 13 percentage points when English and Maths are made a requirement, suggesting a lack of skills at KS4 in English and Maths in the city.

Proportion of KS4 Pupils achieving five or more GCSEs A*-C in

2011/12

49.0%

62.1%

84.3% 85.9%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

KS4 including English and Maths KS4 any subject

Measure

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f K

S4 P

up

ils

Lincoln

Lincolnshire

Source: LRO (2012) Educational Attainment

16

LCC (2012) Educational Attainment cited by LRO (2013) KS1; KS2; KS4 attainment

22

Educational attainment differs in Lincoln. Bracebridge has consistently high rates of attainment across all three key stages. Other areas that score particularly well are Boultham (for KS2), Hartsholme (for KS1 and KS2), and Minster (for KS4). In contrast, Birchwood has particularly low performance (for KS2 and KS4), along with Carholme (for KS2), Glebe (for KS1 and KS2), Minster (for KS1), Moorland (for KS1 and KS4), and Park (for KS4)17.

2011/12 Educational Attainment

KS1 KS2 KS4*

Abbey 78.9% 77.4% 40.2%

Birchwood 76.5% 73.2% 34.0%

Boultham 78.3% 89.2% 59.8%

Bracebridge 84.6% 92.1% 64.4%

Carholme 87.7% 71.1% 61.5%

Castle 70.7% 81.0% 48.2%

Glebe 63.5% 68.1% 43.2%

Hartsholme 85.2% 86.4% 53.1%

Minster 61.3% 84.1% 66.7%

Moorland 64.9% 74.0% 36.5%

Park 76.4% 78.1% 38.1%

Lincoln 74.6% 79.1% 49.0% Source: LRO (2012) Educational Attainment *including English and Maths

17

LCC (2012) Educational Attainment cited by LRO (2013) KS1; KS2; KS4 attainment

23

8. Poverty A recent report has shown that almost half the population of the UK suffer at least some degree of financial insecurity. This can span across issues such as inadquate housing conditions (e.g. non-heated homes and damp homes), purchasing of essential household goods, engagement in common social activities, lack of essential clothing, and proper nutrition18.

8.1 Child Poverty

Child poverty is defined as the proportion of children living in families in receipt of out of work benefits or in receipt of tax credits where their reported income is less than 60% of the median income19. The proportion of children living in poverty in Lincoln in 2010 (24.1% / 4,500 children) was higher than the national, regional, and county averages. It did however show a marginal decrease from 2009. Child poverty in Lincoln increases to 24.8% when just under 16s are measured.

Proportion of Children Living in Relative Poverty

20.9%

15.9%

18.4%

24.0%

21.3%

19.1%

16.8%

24.5%

20.6%18.7%

16.7%

24.1%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Lincoln Lincolnshire East Midlands England

Area

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f C

hil

dre

n

2008

2009

2010

Source: HMRC 2010 Child Poverty (2012)

18

PSE UK (2013) The Impoverishment of the UK 19

HMRC (2010) Technical Information for NI 116

24

The 2010 child poverty data shows Birchwood, Glebe and Moorland have particularly high rates of child poverty. These three wards also have the highest numbers of children living in poverty (690, 570 and 670 respectively). The Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2010 shows us that each of these wards also contain pockets of deprivation. When we look at child poverty at a lower neighbourhood level, we can see the three highest areas in terms of numbers of children living in poverty are in western Birchwood ward (355), St. Giles in Glebe ward (275), and Boultham Moor in Moorland ward (245).

Source: HMRC 2010 Child Poverty (2012)

25

8.2 Fuel Poverty

Lincoln had a higher proportion of households estimated to be in fuel poverty in 2010 than both the region and country, with rates increasing even further in certain areas of the city. Almost one quarter of households in Abbey, Carholme and Park were considered to be in fuel poverty20. Additionally, a report by Save the Children noted the issue of ‘poverty premiums’ being paid by people with prepayment meters, potentially exacerbating the issue of poverty for lower income families21.

Proportion of Households in Fuel Poverty

16.4%

19.2%

18.2%

15.0%

15.5%

16.0%

16.5%

17.0%

17.5%

18.0%

18.5%

19.0%

19.5%

Lincoln East Midlands England

Area

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Source: LRO (2012)

Proportion of Households in Fuel Poverty

14.6%

20.7%21.9%

16.5%

11.2%

20.1%21.3%

24.7%

23.1%

13.2%

23.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Abb

ey

Birc

hwoo

d

Bou

ltham

Brace

bridge

Carh

olm

e

Cast

le

Glebe

Harts

holm

e

Minster

Moo

rland

Par

k

Ward

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f h

ou

seh

old

s

Source: LRO (2012)

20

DECC (2012) 2010 Fuel Poverty cited by LRO (2012) 21

Save the Children (2010) The UK Poverty Rip-Off: The poverty premium 2010

26

8.3 Income

Annual gross pay in Lincoln for both full time and part time employees has increased by 3.2% in 2012, compared to an increase of 1.7% in the East Midlands, and an increase of 1.6% in England. Despite this, over time, Lincoln has seen a lower increase in salary than the region and country. Average pay in Lincoln is only 4.3% higher in 2012 than it was in 2006, compared to average pay in the East Midlands being 10.1% higher than 2006 levels, and the average pay in England being 10.5% higher than 2006 levels22.

Annual Gross Pay for both full-time and part-time employed

residents

£0

£5,000

£10,000

£15,000

£20,000

£25,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

An

nu

al

gro

ss p

ay

Lincoln

East Midlands

England

Source: ONS (2013) Average Pay


2006 £17,354 £18,581 £19,719

2007 £18,255 £18,778 £20,354

2008 £19,543 £19,694 £21,172

2009 £19,693 £20,458 £21,680

2010 £20,156 £20,201 £21,564

2011 £17,534 £20,109 £21,454

2012 £18,094 £20,456 £21,794

Source: ONS (2013) Average Pay

22

ONS (2013) Average Pay

27

9. Health

9.1 Life Expectancy

The average male life expectancy in Lincoln has improved over the last few years, increasing by 1.2% since 2004-2006 to 77.2 years. National life expectancy levels have also increased since this time, although by a slightly higher 1.7%. This shows that, despite an improving life expectancy rate, the gap between Lincoln and the country is marginally growing23.

Average Male Life Expectancy at birth

77.277.0

76.676.676.3

78.6

78.3

77.9

77.7

77.3

75.0

75.5

76.0

76.5

77.0

77.5

78.0

78.5

79.0

2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010

Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy

Lincoln

England

Source: Department of Health (2012) NHS Lincoln Health Profile

23

Department of Health (2012) NHS Lincoln Health Profile

28

Average Female Life Expectancy at Birth The average female life expectancy in Lincoln has seen an increase in recent years of 1.6%. Lincoln’s improvement in life expectancy is better than the 1.2% improvement across the country, showing a marginal decrease in the gap between national and local life expectancies24.

Average Female Life Expectancy at birth

81.3

80.0

80.4 80.4

81.1

82.6

82.382.081.8

81.6

78.5

79.0

79.5

80.0

80.5

81.0

81.5

82.0

82.5

83.0

2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010

Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy

Lincoln

England


24


29

9.2 Suicide

The suicide rate in Lincoln is double the regional average, and Lincoln is the worst ranking local authority in England. In real-terms, this accounts for 39 deaths due to suicide and undetermined injury in 2008-1025.

Mortality from Suicide and Undetermined Injury

per 100,000 population (2008-10)

7.97.4

15.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16


Area

Rate

per

100,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

NWPHO (2012) Violence Profiles

25


30

9.3 Injuries to Children

The rate of unintentional and deliberate injury related hospital admissions in Lincoln is 75.8% higher than the regional rate, and 60.1% higher than the national rate. In real terms, this accounts for 340 hospital admissions in Lincoln in 2011/12. Lincoln ranks 5th worst in England (out of 326)26.


26


31

9.4 Heart Disease and Stroke

The rate of premature deaths due to heart disease and stroke has reduced in the city since 2004-2006 by 27% to 79.4 per 100,000 people. This reduction mirrors the national picture which saw an overall reduction of 20% to 67.3 per 100,000 people. Although Lincoln has remained consistently higher than England for early deaths from these illnesses , the gap between the two rates has reduced, with the Lincoln rate being 29% above the national rate in 2004-2006, compared to only 18% in 2008-201027.

Premature Deaths from Heart Disease and Stroke per 100,000

Population

108.6102.1

89.682.5 79.4

67.370.574.8

79.184.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010

Year

Rate

per

100,0

00 P

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

England


27


32

9.5 Cancer

Lincoln’s premature mortality rate due to cancer has recently shown signs of fluctuating, dipping in 2007-2009 to 129.0, and increasing in 2008-2010 to 131.5 per 100,000 people. This latest figure, which is 19.4% higher than the England rate, remains higher than in 2004-200628.

Premature Deaths from Cancer per 100,000 Population

131.5

129.0135.0134.9128.5

110.1117.1 115.5 114.0 112.1

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

2004-2006 2005-2007 2006-2008 2007-2009 2008-2010

Year

Rate

per

100,0

00 P

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

England


28

Department of Health (2012) NHS Lincoln Health Profile 2012

33

9.6 Smoking

• In 2007-09 Lincoln had a smoking attributable mortality rate of 270.3 per 100,000 population. This decreased to a rate of 260.2 per 100,000 population in 2008-10. Despite this decrease, it remains significantly above the regional rate of 209.2, and the national rate of 210.6 (2008-10) per 100,000 population.

• The rate of lung cancer registrations in Lincoln increased from 48.3 per 100,000 population in 2007-09, to 54.8 per 100,000 population in 2008-10. This gave Lincoln a rate significantly higher than the 2008-10 rates in the East Midlands of 46.0 and in England of 45.8.

• Lincoln’s rate of smoking attributable hospital admissions remains significantly higher than the East Midlands and England. It increased from a rate of 1,716 per 100,000 population in 2009/10, to a rate of 1,862 per 100,000 population in 2010/11. This compares to a rate of 1,438 in the East Midlands, and 1,420 in England.

• The cost per capita of smoking attributable hospital admissions in 2010/11 was £41.50 in Lincoln, compared to a lower £32.20 in the East Midlands, and £37.00 in England29.

29

Public Health England (2013) Local Tobacco Control Profiles for England

34

9.7 Fitness

Across the city, region and country, estimated levels of sport participation have dropped over the last period. This is a potential issue when we consider 20.3% of Year 6 pupils (2010/11), and 23.6% of adults (2006-2008), are estimated to be obese30. Estimates produced by the South West Public Health Observatory suggest if 50% of the 40-79 year old Lincoln population exercised, 23 deaths registered in 2007-2011 would have been preventable. If this is increased to a physical activity rate of 75%, 44 deaths would have beeen preventable, and if 100% of the 40-79 population exercised, 64 deaths would have been preventable31.

Estimated Proportion of Adults engaging in Moderate Intensity Sport on 20 or

more days in the previous 4 weeks

11.6%11.5%

10.5%

11.2%

11.9%

10.9%

9.5%

10.0%

10.5%

11.0%

11.5%

12.0%

12.5%


Area

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f ad

ult

s

2008-2010

2009-2011


30

Department of Health (2012) NHS Lincoln Health Profile 2012 31

South West Public Health Observatory (2013) Health Impact of Physical Activity

35

9.8 Mental Health

There is an over-representation of people claiming Employment and Support Allowance for mental and behavioural disorders in Lincoln. In August 2012, 47.3% of people claiming Employment and Support Allowance were recorded as having mental or behavioural disorder, compared to 42.5% in the East Midlands, and 44.3% in England. It is not possible to historically trend benefits for mental health disorders because of changes to the provision of benefits.

August 2012 Lincoln England East Midlands

Total claimants 2,560 1,062,890 87,260

Mental and behavioural disorders claimants

1,210 471,220 37,060

Source: ONS (2012) DWP Benefits

The highest numbers of mental health claimants are in Park, Abbey and Birchwood. These three areas also have the highest numbers of overall claimants32. Number of Employment Support Allowance clamants for mental and behavioural disorders by ward

Source: ONS (2012) DWP Benefits

32

ONS (2013) Employment and Support Allowance August 2013

36

10. Housing

10.1 Residential Households

There is an estimated 39,825 households with at least one usual resident in Lincoln. The most households exist in Abbey ward, followed by Carholme ward, which combined account for almost one quarter of all households in the city33.

Source: ONS (2012) 2011 Census On 01 January 2013, there were 701 properties that had been empty for six months of more in the private sector in Lincoln. Of these, 179 had been empty for two years or more34.

33

ONS (2012) 2011 Census 34

City of Lincoln Council (2013) January 2013 Housing Market Report

37

10.2 Central Heating

The most common type of central heating in the city is gas powered, accounting for 89.6% of all households. However, an estimated 999 households in Lincoln have no central heating. This is highest in Park (211), Abbey (185) and Carholme (179)35.



35


No Central Heating Gas Electric Oil Solid Fuel

Abbey 185 3,923 675 5 3

Birchwood 37 3,407 132 1 0

Boultham 95 2,946 176 7 6

Bracebridge 37 2,811 81 7 0

Carholme 179 3,462 800 17 9

Castle 82 3,347 163 4 4

Glebe 56 2,711 154 1 1

Hartsholme 26 2,590 149 1 1

Minster 44 2,949 148 2 3

Moorland 47 3,050 75 2 2

Park 211 3,162 334 4 3

38

10.3 Housing Affordability

Lincoln house prices are shown to be, on average, more affordable (in comparison to median earnings) than across both Lincolnshire and England (there are no provisional figures available for the East Midlands in 2012). In 2012, Lincoln had a house price to earnings ratio of 4.8, compared to 6.0 in Lincolnshire, and 6.7 in England. Nevertheless, over the last 10 years, house prices in Lincoln have become less affordable, increasing from a ratio of 3.1 in 200236.

Ratio of Median House Price to Median Earnings

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

R

2012

P

Year

Rati

o

England

East Midlands

Lincolnshire

Lincoln

DCLG (2013) Table 577

36

DCLG (2013) Table 577 Housing market: ratio of median house price to median earnings by district from 2000

39

10.4 Affordable Housing Waiting List

In January 2013 there were 2,527 people on the Affordable Housing Waiting List. The majority of people on the list were either single applicants (41.9%) or family applicants (39.7%), with adult groups, couples and single applicants with access accounting for approximately 1/5 of applicants. Of those on the Affordable Housing Waiting List:

• 54.8% are entitled to a one bedroom property

• 31.7% are entitled to a two bedroom property

• 11.0% are entitled to a three bedroom property

• 2.1% are entitled to a four bedroom property

• 0.3% are entitled to a five or six bedroom property37 The range of households and property sizes required shows the need for different accommodation types across the city.

Affordable Housing Waiting List by Household Type in January

2013

5.5%

10.0%

39.7%

3.0%

41.9%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

Adult groups Couples Families Single Single with

access

Household Type

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f w

ait

ing

lis

t

Source: City of Lincoln Council (2013) Housing Market Report

37

City of Lincoln Council (2013) January 2013 Housing Market Report

40

10.5 Mortgage Possession Orders

The number of mortgage possession orders made in Lincoln has reduced substantially, from a high of 215 in 2008, to 67 in 2012, showing a reduction of 68.8% 38 . This reduction gives Lincoln levels akin to the early 2000s, suggesting the negative impact on mortgage possession orders caused by the recession may be dissipating.

Number of Mortgage Possession Orders made in Lincoln

81

142

175

215

111

67

118113

177

60

70

9790

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

ord

ers

Source: Ministry of Justice (2013) Mortgage Possession Orders

38

Ministry of Justice (2013) Mortgage Possession Orders

41

11. Crime

11.1 Overall Crime

The overall crime rate in Lincoln has reduced year on year, from a rate of 100.5 per 1,000 population in 2003-2004, to a rate of 61.4 in 2011-2012. Despite this, the Lincoln rate remains significantly above the Lincolnshire rate of 31.7 per 1,000 population39.

Overall Crime Rate per 1,000 population

61.462.567.8

73.7

78.486.087.997.5

100.5

31.734.1

37.039.842.0

47.348.054.7

61.6

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire

Source: LRO (2013) Local Authority Crime Profile

39

LRO (2013) Local Authority Crime Profile

42

11.2 Burglary

The burglary rate in Lincoln has reduced substantially from a rate of 19.1 per 1,000 population, to a rate of only 5.3 per 1,000 population. The gap between Lincoln and Lincolnshire has also substantially narrowed, with the Lincoln rate being 6.7 higher than the county rate in 2003-2004, compared to only 2.2 above the county rate in 2011-201240.

Burglary Rate per 1,000 population

19.1

12.4

85.28

7.28

12.1

1412

13.2

14.916.8

3.13.53.11

7.38.1

8.79.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire


40


43

11.3 Robbery

The robbery rate in Lincoln has fluctuated over the last few years, remaining a consistent 0.9 per 1,000 population from 2009-2010 to 2011-2012. The Lincoln robbery rate generally follows fluctuations in the countywide robbery rate41.

Robbery Rate per 1,000 population

1.2

0.90.90.9

0.8

0.6

0.80.8

1.0

0.5

0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2

0.3 0.3 0.30.3

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire


41


44

11.4 Sexual Offences

The rate of sexual offences in Lincoln has fluctated, increasing to 1.8 offences per 1,000 population in 2010-2011, and reducing marginally to 1.7 sexual offences per 1,000 population in 2011-201242. Data published by the North West Public Health Observatory shows Lincoln’s sexual offences rate of 1.7 means Lincoln is the 14th worst performing authority in England (out of 326 authorities)43.

Sexual Offences Rate per 1,000 population

1.71.8

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.8

2.12.0

1.7

0.91.0

0.91.0

0.90.91.01.0

1.2

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire


42

LRO (2013) Local Authority Crime Profile 43

NWPHO (2013) Violence Indicator Profiles for England

45

11.5 Vehicle Crime

The vehicle crime rate in Lincoln has, since 2003-2004, reduced from a rate of 14.9 per 1,000 population, to 8.5 per 1,000 population in 2011-2012. This reduction mirrors a similar reduction seen countywide, although the gap between the city and the county is marginally reducing. In 2003-2004 the Lincoln vehicle crime rate was 5 above the county rate, compared to only 2.9 above the county rate in 2011-201244.

Vehicle Crime Rate per 1,000 population

14.9

8.59.3

10.29.79.7

12.112.4

14.1

5.66.06.16.6

8.08.6

8.9

9.9

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire


44


46

11.6 Violence

The violent crime rate in Lincoln has reduced over the last few years, from a high of 33.5 per 1,000 population in 2004-2005, to a rate of 21.3 per 1,000 population in 2011-2012. The reduction in the violent crime rate in Lincoln over this period was greater than the reduction across the county, reducing the 17.2 gap in 2004-2005 to a lower 10.4 gap in 2011-201245. Data published by the North West Public Health Observatory shows Lincoln’s rate of hospital admissions due to violence of 135.3 per 100,000 population (2009/10 to 2011/12) means Lincoln is ranked as the 10th worst performing authority in England (out of 326 authorities)46.

Violent Crime Rate per 1,000 population

21.321.822.6

25.127.8

31.9

33.333.5

32.1

10.911.612.212.9

13.715.115.916.315.4

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

2003-

2004

2004-

2005

2005-

2006

2006-

2007

2007-

2008

2008-

2009

2009-

2010

2010-

2011

2011-

2012

Year

Rate

per

1,0

00 p

op

ula

tio

n

Lincoln

Lincolnshire


45

LRO (2013) Local Authority Crime Profile 46

NWPHO (2013) Violence Indicator Profiles for England

47

11.7 UK Peace Index

The Institute of Economics and Peace published a ‘UK Peace Index’ in 2013, scoring each local authority area in terms of different aspects of peacefulness. The lower the score, the more peaceful an area is, according to the study. It shows that Lincoln has, since 2005, become a more peaceful area, reducing from a score of 3.500 in 2005, to 2.990 in 2012. More specifically, Lincoln has seen particular improvents in regard to weapons crime and public disorder, which reduced from 5.000 and 4.430 in 2005 to 3.070 and 2.710 in 2012 respectively47.

UK Price Index

lower score = more peaceful

higher score = less peaceful

2.700

2.800

2.900

3.000

3.100

3.200

3.300

3.400

3.500

3.600

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Overall

Source: Institute of Economic and Peace (2013) UK Peace Index

47

Institute of Economics and Peace (2013) UK Peace Index

48

12. The Environment

12.1 City Council Emissions

In 2008/09 the city council C02 equivalent emissions estimate was 2,502 tonnes. In 2011/12 this had reduced by 19.4% to 2,016 tonnes. This reduction is largely as a result of projects carried out across the city council which have contributed to reducing our energy usage. The figures include not only services provided directly by the city council, but also services that have been contracted out to external providers, such as Cory and Active Nation. As part of the city council’s commitment to the environment, electricity used by the city council comes from a Green Tariff (this does not necessarily include electricity used by contractors). In 2008/09 renewable energy from a Green Tariff accounted for 50.2% of city council emissions. This saw a reduction in 2011/12 to 44.5% as a result of a significant decrease in electricity usage (resulting in proportionately less C02 coming from a Green Tariff).

Total Tonnes of C02 Equivalent Emissions of the City Council

2,0162,0622,168

2,502

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Year

To

nn

es o

f C

02 E

qu

ivale

nt


Proportion of City Council Emissions Attributable to a Green

Tariff

44.5%

52.2%

50.6%50.2%

40.0%

42.0%

44.0%

46.0%

48.0%

50.0%

52.0%

54.0%

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Year

Pro

po

rtio

n o

f E

mis

sio

ns f

rom

a G

reen

Tari

ff


49

12.2 Citywide Emissions

Despite reducing over the last few years, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Lincoln increased by 0.2 in 2010. Nevertheless, in comparison to the national average, Lincoln’s rate of 5.3 remains low, with the 2010 UK rate standing at 7.6. Industry and commercial activity is estimated to be the largest contributor to emissions in Lincoln, shortly followed by domestic usage48.

Kt C02 Emissions Estimates per capita

-

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

Kt

of

C02 p

er

cap

ita

Lincoln

United Kingdom

Source: LRO (2012) Emissions

Kt C02 Emissions Estimates per capita by Type

2.5

2.1

0.7

-

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Industry and Commercial Domestic Road Transport

Type

Kt

of

C02 p

er

cap

ita

Source: LRO (2012) Emissions

48

AEA (2012) Local and Regional C02 Emissions Estimates for 2005-2010, cited by DECC (2012) 2010 Local Authority Carbon Dioxide Figures

50

13. Conclusion Expansion Lincoln’s population has increased by 8.8% between 2001 and 2011, expanding to a population of 93,100. A key reason for this growth in residents is due to the 49.3% increase in the numbers of people aged 20-24. This coincides with the expansion of the university, which established as the University of Lincoln in 2001. The most populous wards in the city are Carholme and Abbey, followed by Park. These three areas also have high proportions of their populations aged in their 20s. This is particularly the case in Carholme, where almost two thirds of residents are aged in this group. One reason for this is the number of students in the area, with the 2011 Census showing an estimated 6,000 students aged between 16 and 74 living in Carholme. Migration In 2011/12, 910 migrant workers registered to work in Lincoln. Of these, 69.0% came from Central and Eastern Europe, followed by 13.8% from Western Europe, and 13.8% from Asia. The most common areas of destination are Park and Abbey. The inflow of migrant workers has had an impact on the number of languages spoken in the city. Language The census tells us there are more than 60 different languages spoken in Lincoln (this includes sign languages), with 5,259 residents aged 3 and over having a language other than English as their main language. This is particularly high in Abbey and Park. Polish is the most common non-English language spoken. However, it should be noted that knowledge of another language does not mean lack of proficiency in English. Across Lincoln, there are only 204 residents estimated to not be able to speak English, and 1,192 that cannot speak English well. Employment Lincoln’s rate of unemployment of 5.2% remains above that of the region and country (3.8% and 3.9% respectively). The rate increases even further in areas such as Abbey (8.9%) and Park (8.0%). There is a risk that reliance on the public sector for employment in the city could exascerbate this further, as more cuts to public expenditure are felt. It is estimated Lincoln has the 21st highest proportion of employees working in the public sector in the country. This is due to Lincoln’s status as a hub of activity within a large rural area, resulting in the presence of large public sector employers such as Lincolnshire County Council, Lincoln County Hospital, and Lincoln Prison. This is in addition to the City of Lincoln Council.

51

Despite this, jobs in Lincoln appear to be of lower social grades than in other areas, with 33.4% employees being in low grade occupational groups (e.g. semi-skilled, unskilled, and the unemployed). This is all against the backdrop of the number of active enterprises operating in Lincoln already having reduced substantially, from 2,615 in 2009, to 2,435 in 2011. Education Educational attainment in Lincoln remains lower than county rates. The gap between Lincoln and Lincolnshire is widest at KS4. Attainment has dropped at both KS1 (from 75.5% to 74.6%) and KS4 (from 54.8% to 49.0%). In contrast, KS2 attainment saw an increase in attainment (from 69.0% to 79.1%). It is worth noting the difference at KS4 performance when Maths and English are not mandatorily included in the measure (of five or more GCSEs grade A* to C). When English and Maths is included as mandatory, Lincoln’s performance is 13 percentage points below the county. When English and Maths is not made mandatory, Lincoln’s performance at KS4 jumps from 49.0% to 84.3%, only two percentage points below the county. Poverty The proportion of children living in poverty in Lincoln in 2010 (24.1%) was higher than the national, regional and county averages. It did however show a marginal decrease from 24.5% in 2009, although this measure is heavily influenced by average salary figures. Child poverty is even higher in some areas of the city such as Glebe (33.3%), Moorland (30.9%) and Birchwood (30.4%). Lincoln also has a higher proportion of households estimated to be in fuel poverty than both the region and country, with 19.2% of households in the city estimated to be in fuel poverty. This is also much higher in some areas of the city such as Abbey (24.7%), Park (23.7%) and Carholme (23.1%). Income, which is a core component of our understanding of poverty, has increased by 3.2% in Lincoln in 2012, compared to an increase of 1.7% in the East Midlands, and an increase of 1.6% in England. Despite this, over time, Lincoln has seen a lower increase in salary than the region and country. Average pay in Lincoln is only 4.3% higher in 2012 than it was in 2006, compared to 10.1% higher in the East Midlands, and 10.5% in England. Health Male life expectancy has improved slightly over the last few years, and now stands at 77.2 years in Lincoln, compared to 78.6 years in England. Female life expectancy has also increased in Lincoln to 81.3 years, compared to 82.6 years in England.

52

Lincoln has the highest suicide rate in England, of 15.2 per 100,000 population. In real terms, this accounts for 39 deaths between 2008 and 2010. In addition, the rate of injuries to children is high in the city, with 195.5 hospital admissions per 10,000 people in 2011/12, making Lincoln rank 5th worst in England. Premature mortality for heart disease and stroke has reduced in recent years to 79.4 per 100,000 population, although this still remains above the county rate of 67.3. In contrast, premature mortality due to cancer has shown no sign of reducing, with a fluctuating rate currently standing at 131.5 per 100,000 population. A recent publication by the South West Public Health Observatory has made a link between exercise and preventable deaths. It states that if all 40-79 year olds in Lincoln exercised, 64 deaths registered in 2007-2011 amongst this age group would have been preventable. Currently, it is estimated that 10.5% of adults in Lincoln take part in moderate intensity sport. There is also evidence to suggest a prevalence of mental health issues in Lincoln. In August 2012, 47.3% of people claiming Employment and Support Allowance were recorded as having a mental or behavioural disorder, compared to 42.5% in the East Midlands, and 44.3% in England. Housing Lincoln’s housing is shown to be more affordable than across both Lincolnshire and England. In 2012, Lincoln had a house price to earnings ratio of 4.8, compared to 6.0 in Lincolnshire, and 6.7 in England. Nevertheless, over the last 10 years, house prices have become less affordable, increasing from a ratio of 3.1 in Lincoln in 2002. Evidence suggests affordability extends beyond the ability to purchase a house, with the 2011 Census estimating 999 households in Lincoln have no central heating. On a positive note, the number of mortgage possession orders made in Lincoln has reduced substantially, from a high of 215 in 2008, to 67 in 2012, showing a reduction of 68.8%. Crime The overall crime rate in Lincoln has reduced from a rate of 100.5 per 1,000 population in 2003-2004, to a rate of 61.4 in 2011-2012. Nevertheless, the Lincoln rate remains significantly above the Lincolnshire rate of 31.7 per 1,000 population. Some specific challenges are also present in the city with Lincoln being ranked 14th worst performing authority in England for sexual offences, and 10th worst performing authority in England for hospital admissions due to violence.

Documents

The Lincoln Drivers Report · 2019. 5. 20. · people aged in their 20s is the university, which esablished itself as the University of Lincoln in 2001. Since this time, the number