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The Life Cycle of Stars. Mike Chris . Life of a Small to Medium-Mass Star. Nebulas And Protostars. Stars begin as a nebula, or clouds scattered dust made mostly of hydrogen As the nebula collapses the contents of it begin to to heat up. This is known as a protostar - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mike Chris
The Life Cycle of Stars
Life of a Small to Medium-Mass Star
Stars begin as a nebula, or clouds scattered dust made mostly of hydrogen
As the nebula collapses the contents of it begin to to heat up. This is known as a protostar
This phase can be referred to as the fetus of the star
Nebulas And Protostars
http://www.godandscience.org/images/nebula.jpg
Brown dwarfs are objects in space
They are not technically stars, and are bigger than planets
Brown Dwarf
http://seanf.hypexr.org/project/Brown_Dwarf.jpg
Brown Dwarf
The main sequence is where stars live most of their lives
Right now, our sun is in the main sequence
A star begins the main sequence when nuclear fusion begins
Main Sequence
http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/images/sun-soho011905-1919z.jpg
Main Sequence Star
FusionNuclear fusion is when two atoms combine to make a larger one
In stars this is between hydrogen and helium
When a star runs out of hydrogen, it starts fusing helium and carbon
Larger stars can fuse carbon into even heavier elements like iron
When a star starts burning helium, it starts to pack the atoms tighter together, causing the outside of the star to expand
When this happens, it is classified as a red giant
This is the first step into old age
Red Giants
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/ug/hilditch/pic3.gif
Red Giant
Planetary nebula is a nebula that has gas and plasma
Planetary nebulas are made of dead starsAfter a red giant a planetary nebula is made
Planetary Nebula
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NGC6543.jpg
Planetary Nebula
The cores of low-mass stars are white dwarfsWhite dwarfs are close to the size of the Earth, but
may weigh as much as our sunThey are not as bright as larger starsWhite dwarfs are very bright because of the heat
made when the star collapsedA black dwarf is made when white dwarf
becomes coldBlack have not been proven to exist because it
takes longer for a white dwarf to become one than the universe has been in existence
White and Black Dwarfs
http://cactus.dixie.edu/smblack/chem1010/images/Unit_4/4A_white_dwarf_star.jpgWhite Dwarf
Life of a High-Mass Star
Massive main sequence stars are the same as small or medium-mass except that they are bigger so they burn hydrogen faster
Massive Main Sequence
https://segue.atlas.uiuc.edu/uploads/ryemm2/blue%20main%20sequence.jpg
Massive Main Sequence Star
Supergiants are the largest stars in our universe
They can have a diameter of around 1,000 times bigger than our sun
Supergiant
http://isc.astro.cornell.edu/~sloan/fun/figures/star_agb.gif
Supergiant
A supernova is an explosion of a high-mass stars
This happens when a star’s supply of energy and light runs out
This only happens every few millions of years
Supernova
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/bios/stecker/large.supernova.jpg
Supernova Remnant E0102-72
Neutron Star
A neutron star is the result of a supernova
A neutron star is small and dense and is mostly made up of neutrons , hence the name
A neutron star is bigger in mass than our sun
http://nrumiano.free.fr/Images/Neutron_star_E.gif
Black Holes
A black hole is another result of a supernova
It is a thing in space that has such a strong pull of gravity so strongly that light can’t be seen
Until recently, astronomers didn’t know that black holes even existed because black holes can’t be seen with a telescope
http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/graphics/images/2006/neutron-star-jet_bg.jpg
Black Hole
Why high-mass and low-mass stars live different livesHigh-mass and low-mass
stars take different paths at the end of their lives
High mass stars burn their fuel faster than low-mass stars, which is why low-mass star live much longer than high-mass stars
Also, high mass stars end their lives with a supernova, then a black hole or a neutron star
Low mass stars end their lives by becoming a white dwarf
http://www.geosociety.org/graphics/04denver/blackhole.jpg
Black Hole
Ages of Different Mass Stars
Most massive-20 million years
Our sun-10 billion years
Least massive-1 trillion years
http://www.keyway2.ca/jpg/stars.jpg
http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve
http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/labs/star_life/starlife_main.html
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergiant http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_sequence http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star
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