The life and times of Alfred

Binet

“Comprehension, inventiveness, direction, and criticism: intelligence is contained in these four words.“

Nicholas Fogell

Madame Panaccione

Elementary French l

Alfred Binet’s childhood

• July 11, 1857 in Nice, France is where Alfred Binet was born.

• He was the only child of a physician father and an artist mother.

• His parents separated when he was very young and he was raised by his mother. Who went with him to Paris when he was 15, so he could attend Lycée Louis le Grand. Where he later received a degree in Law and a Doctorates in natural sciences at The Sorbonne.

• He planned on going to medical school, but decided that his interest in psychology was more important.

• By reading books written by Reading books by Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain and others, taught himself psychology.

Clinical Practice

• 1883–1889

• a researcher at Jean-Martin Charcot's neurological laboratory at La Salpêtrière Hospital

• 1890, Binet resigned from La Salpêtrière

• 1891–1894,1894 – 1911

• the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology at the Sorbonne . Also, became Editor-in-Chief of L'Annee psychologique.

• 1899

• Became a member of La Société Libre pour l'Etude Psychologique de l'Enfant

The Influence of Jean-Martin Charcot • 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893

• A French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology, But also influenced neurology and psychology.

• Taught and established a neurology clinic at Salpêtrière, which was the first of its kind in Europe. Where he taught Sigmund Freud, Joseph Babinski, Pierre Janet, William James, Pierre Marie, Albert Londe, Charles-Joseph Bouchard, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Alfred Binet, and Albert Pitres.

• During his seven-year tenure at the laboratory, Binet became embroiled in the controversies surrounding Charcot's studies of hypnosis, loyally defending Charcot against charges that his demonstrations had been tainted by experimenters' unintentional suggestions to the patients. In 1891, chagrined by his experiences in Charcot's laboratory, Binet Resigned.

• Basically, the patients had known what was expected, what was supposed to happen, and so they simply assented.

La Société Libre pour l'Etude Psychologique de l'Enfant

• Immensely influenced by the birth of his two daughters. Whom he in turn studied and created hypothesis' on.

• French education changed immensely at the end of the nineteenth century

• Due to a law that passed which made it mandatory for children ages six to fourteen to attend school.

• Appointed to the Commission for the Retarded. In which he had to establish the differences that separate the normal child from the abnormal, and to measure such differences.

• L'Etude experimentale de l'intelligence

• the book he used to describe his methods and it was published in 1903.

• 1903 - After further experiments and books he met Théodore Simon.

• Whom worked with him on the intelligence tests

Binet-Simon Scale • 1905

• First test consisted of 30 items

ranging from the ability to touch one's nose or ear, when asked, to the ability to draw designs from memory and to define abstract concepts, and varying in difficulty

• 1908• revised the scale, dropping, modifying, and adding tests and also

arranging them according to age levels from three to thirteen• Tested their measurement on a sample of fifty children, ten children per five

age groups. • The children selected for their study were identified by their school

teachers as being average for their age.• the score on the Binet-Simon scale would reveal the child's mental age

• If the child was three years old and her or his mental age was normal for a three year old, then the child was normal because his or her chronological and mental ages were the same. If the child's mental age was "higher" than her or his chronological age, then the child was advanced, or had a higher than normal IQ. If the situation were reversed, then the child was behind or retarded, with a lower than normal IQ for his or her age.

Gaussian bell-shaped curve

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

• 1916

• At Stanford University, the psychologist Lewis Terman released a revised the Binet-Simon Scale.

• the test was so popular that Robert Yerkes, the president of the American Psychological Association, decided to use it in developing the Army Alpha and the Army Beta tests to classify recruits. Thus, a high-scoring recruit might earn an A-grade (high officer material), whereas a low-scoring recruit with an E-grade would be rejected for military service

• a standardized test that assesses IQ and cognitive abilities in children and adults aged two to 23. Moreover, the Stanford Binet IQ Test is designed to test intelligence in four areas including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract and visual reasoning, and short-term memory skills.

Intelligenz-Quotient (IQ)• Devised by the German psychologist William

Stern in 1912 as a proposed method of scoring children's intelligence

• Modern IQ tests scores have an median score set to 100, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. With a standard deviation of about 15.

• IQ scores can be associated with factors such as morbidity and mortality, parental social status, and parental IQ

• Scores are predictors of educational achievement or special needs. As well as predictors of job performance and income.

• The average IQ scores have been rising three points per decade since the early 20th century, a phenomenon called the Flynn effect.

The Life & Times Of Pierre Paul Broca

“The least questioned assumptions are often the most questionable”

The Childhood Of Paul Broca

• 28 June 1824 is when Paul Broca was When He was born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, Gironde France.

• He was the son of a country practitioner and former Napoleonic surgeon father with Huguenot background, His mother, known for "great intelligence" and a "prodigious memory", was the daughter of a protestant preacher.

• He received his basic education at the college in his native town, where he earned the diploma as “Bachelier des lettres” at the age of 16, and soon afterward became “Bachelier des Sciences mathemathiques".

Child Prodigy

• Entered the University of Paris in October 1841, where he, at his parents request, attended the faculty of medicine

• In 1848 he became prosector of anatomy at the University of Paris Medical School, the youngest prosector and secretary of the Société Anatomique ever

• In 1849, he was conferred doctor of medicine at age 25

‘Tan’

• There was a patient that was admitted to Bicêtre, at the age of 21, he had lost, for a some time, the use of speech; he could no longer pronounce more than a single syllable, which he ordinarily repeated twice at a time; whenever a question was asked of him, he would always reply tan, tan, in conjunction with quite varied expressive gestures.

Video

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MJoNfxdADk

http://www.begent.org/intelquiz.htmhttp://www.indiana.edu/~intell/binet.shtml

http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/binet.htmhttp://www.generalforum.com/philosophy-psychology/take-8-

minute-iq-test-tell-me-what-think-73931-page2.htmlhttp://www.baggas.com/posts/2007/06/19/paul-broca-wikipedia-the-

free-encyclopedia/