The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome

The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republic GovernmentRepublic Government

Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural

StyleStyle Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering

• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• DamsDams• CementCement• ArchArch

The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

The Geography of The Geography of RomeRome

Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE

Influence of the EtruscansInfluence of the EtruscansInfluence of the EtruscansInfluence of the Etruscans

WritingWriting ReligionReligion The ArchThe Arch

Etruscans Cont’dEtruscans Cont’d

• Very Influenced by Greeks. Had City-Very Influenced by Greeks. Had City-states. states.

• Men and Women seen as equalsMen and Women seen as equals• Aristocratic Society. Aristocratic Society. • Ruled over Rome (city-state at the time)Ruled over Rome (city-state at the time)• About About 509 B.C. 509 B.C. the Romans (patricians) the Romans (patricians)

run off Tarquin the Proud. run off Tarquin the Proud. • Vow to never have a Monarchy again. Vow to never have a Monarchy again. • Set up a RepublicSet up a Republic

The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

The Mythical Founding The Mythical Founding of Rome:of Rome:

Romulus & RemusRomulus & Remus

Romulus and RemusRomulus and Remus

• 2 twin brothers. Mother was a Vestile 2 twin brothers. Mother was a Vestile Virgin.Virgin.

• Jealous Uncle got rid of them. Jealous Uncle got rid of them. • Raised by She-Wolf. Raised by She-Wolf. • Go back and kill uncle. Go back and kill uncle. • Set out to build city where they were found Set out to build city where they were found

by she-wolf. by she-wolf. • Find 7 hills. Find 7 hills. • Romulus kills Remus following a feud. Romulus kills Remus following a feud. • Romulus is 1Romulus is 1stst king of Rome. king of Rome. • Story Legend? ……or True? Story Legend? ……or True?

Republican Republican GovernmentGovernmentRepublican Republican GovernmentGovernment

2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)

Senate (Representative body for patricians)

Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

The Twelve Tables, 450 The Twelve Tables, 450 BCEBCE

Providing political and socialrights for the plebeians.

The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

Rome’s Early Road Rome’s Early Road SystemSystem

Roman RoadsRoman RoadsRoman RoadsRoman Roads

Roman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts

The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum

The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

The Colosseum The Colosseum InteriorInterior

Circus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus MaximusCircus Maximus

Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

Carthaginian Carthaginian EmpireEmpire

Punic Wars Punic Wars • Series of 3 different Wars Series of 3 different Wars

• 11stst was 264- 241 B.C. was 264- 241 B.C. – Fought over the island of SICILY. Fought over the island of SICILY. – Rome had no Navy, but copied a stolen Carthage Rome had no Navy, but copied a stolen Carthage

ship into their own fleet. Added the Corvus to it. ship into their own fleet. Added the Corvus to it. – Rome’s navy will conquer in the endRome’s navy will conquer in the end– Rome gets Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica Rome gets Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica

• 22ndnd was 218- 202 B.C. was 218- 202 B.C. – Hannibal great leader of the CarthageniansHannibal great leader of the Carthagenians– Defeated by Scipio. Defeated by Scipio. – Carthage ceded Spain to Rome, paid war tax, Carthage ceded Spain to Rome, paid war tax,

limit fleet to 10 shipslimit fleet to 10 ships

• 33rdrd was 146 – 145 B.C. was 146 – 145 B.C. – Romans totally destroy Carthage. Pour salt on Romans totally destroy Carthage. Pour salt on

ground. ground. – Nothing to grow there. Nothing to grow there. – Became part of RomeBecame part of Rome

Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route

Reform LeadersReform LeadersReform LeadersReform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius

Gracchus

• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.

• Both are killed for their reforms

Military ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary ReformerMilitary Reformer Gaius Marius

• recruited an army from the poorand homeless.

• professional standing army.

• People owed allegience to him and not Rome

The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate

Julius Caesar

Marcus Licinius Crassus

Gaius Magnus Pompey

PompeyPompeyPompeyPompey

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Civil War & Civil War & DictatorsDictators

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius CaesarJulius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

Crossing the Rubicon, Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC49 BC

The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!

Julius Caesar NotesJulius Caesar Notes• Joined forces with Crassus and Pompey – 1Joined forces with Crassus and Pompey – 1stst

Triumverate. Triumverate. • Served 1 year as consul, then Governor of Served 1 year as consul, then Governor of

GaulGaul• Great General; Loyalty of menGreat General; Loyalty of men• Pompey becomes Jealous; Crassus Dies. Pompey becomes Jealous; Crassus Dies. • Senate orders Caesar to come home. Senate orders Caesar to come home. • Pompey and Caesar battle. Caesar wins 44 Pompey and Caesar battle. Caesar wins 44

B.C. B.C. • Dictator for life in 44 B.C. Dictator for life in 44 B.C. • Fed the poor; gave jobs; gave landFed the poor; gave jobs; gave land• Had an affair with Cleopatra in EgyptHad an affair with Cleopatra in Egypt• Senators feared his rise to power.Senators feared his rise to power.

Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March! 15March! 15

44 BCE44 BCE

Beware the Ides of Beware the Ides of March! 15March! 15

44 BCE44 BCE

60 Senators decide to kill Caesar.Main men Brutus; Et Tu Brute!?

The Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirateThe Second The Second TriumvirateTriumvirate

Octavian Augustus

Marc Antony

Marcus Lepidus

Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

Octavian Augustus:Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First Rome’s First

EmperorEmperor

The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty

Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

Pax RomanaPax Romana: : 27 BCE – 27 BCE – 180 CE180 CE

Pax Romana Pax Romana

• Stands for “Peace in Rome”Stands for “Peace in Rome”

• 207 year time period207 year time period

• Population= 60-80 million Population= 60-80 million

• Size of Empire= 3 million sq. milesSize of Empire= 3 million sq. miles

• Starts with Augustus Starts with Augustus

Daily Life in Rome Daily Life in Rome • Eldest Male= Paterfamilia….could Eldest Male= Paterfamilia….could

disown children, sell into slavery, disown children, sell into slavery, banish family membersbanish family members

• Women had many rights but can’t Women had many rights but can’t votevote

• Noble boys= school; graduate at 16Noble boys= school; graduate at 16• Women married between 12-15yrs. Women married between 12-15yrs.

OldOld• Coliseum= 50,000 people Coliseum= 50,000 people • Circus Maximus= 300,000 people Circus Maximus= 300,000 people

Daily Life Cont’dDaily Life Cont’d• Slaves made to fight Gladiator styleSlaves made to fight Gladiator style• Honored gods and goddesses of Greeks; Honored gods and goddesses of Greeks;

different namesdifferent names• Rich people ate Ostrich and parrot tongue Rich people ate Ostrich and parrot tongue

pie!?pie!?• Poor were given rations of grainPoor were given rations of grain• 150 days a year were holidays150 days a year were holidays• Poor offered free games and gladiator Poor offered free games and gladiator

fights; kept them distractedfights; kept them distracted• Christianity begins to filter into empireChristianity begins to filter into empire

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Greatest Extent The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire of the Roman Empire

– 14 CE– 14 CE

The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity

Christianity Basic Beliefs Christianity Basic Beliefs

• Embraced all people Embraced all people

• Gave hope to the powerless Gave hope to the powerless

• Appealed to those who did not like Appealed to those who did not like extravagances of Romeextravagances of Rome

• Personal relationship with GodPersonal relationship with God

• Promised eternal life after deathPromised eternal life after death

Beginnings of ChristianityBeginnings of Christianity• Romans allowed to worship as they Romans allowed to worship as they

wished as long as they honored Roman wished as long as they honored Roman Gods and the Emperor. Contradicts Gods and the Emperor. Contradicts ChristianityChristianity

• Zealots(Jewish)= only wanted to worship Zealots(Jewish)= only wanted to worship their God. Fought against Romanstheir God. Fought against Romans

• Romans destroy their Temple except for Romans destroy their Temple except for Western Wall= Wailing WallWestern Wall= Wailing Wall

• Jews banned from JerusalemJews banned from Jerusalem• Religion spreads with Jesus of NazarethReligion spreads with Jesus of Nazareth

Christianity Cont’dChristianity Cont’d

• Jesus traveled countryside teaching to Jesus traveled countryside teaching to love God above all else and to love love God above all else and to love othersothers

• Roman Gov’t feared Jesus and arrest Roman Gov’t feared Jesus and arrest and Crucify himand Crucify him

• After his death, Jesus arose and walked After his death, Jesus arose and walked the earth, appearing to followers before the earth, appearing to followers before ascending into heaven. ascending into heaven.

Timeline of ChristianityTimeline of Christianity• 6 B.C6 B.C. Jesus born. Jesus born

• 1A.D.1A.D.-----First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini)-----First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini)

• 27-29 A.D.? 27-29 A.D.? John the Baptist begins ministryJohn the Baptist begins ministry

• 27-34 A.D. ? 27-34 A.D. ? Jesus baptized by John the BaptistJesus baptized by John the Baptist

• 33-34 A.D. 33-34 A.D. John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod AntipasAntipas

• 33-36 A.D. 33-36 A.D. Jesus' ministryJesus' ministry

• 36 A.D. 36 A.D. Jesus crucified, Friday, March 30th, Last Supper Jesus crucified, Friday, March 30th, Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. would have been Thursday evening.

• 100 A.D. 100 A.D. Roman Law outlaws ChristianityRoman Law outlaws Christianity

• 300 A.D.300 A.D. Roman Law accepts Christianity again Roman Law accepts Christianity again

• 312 A.D. 312 A.D. Constantine gets baptized on his deathbed (Edict of Constantine gets baptized on his deathbed (Edict of Milan)Milan)

• 391 A.D. 391 A.D. Theodosius makes Christianity official religion of Theodosius makes Christianity official religion of Rome. Rome.

Roman PalestineRoman Palestine

The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem

The Beginnings of Christianityin Bethlehem

Jesus’ MissionJesus’ Mission

Agony in the Garden

Agony in the Garden

CrucifixionCrucifixion

BaptismBaptism

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the

GentilesGentiles

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity

Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem

The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

The Empire in Crisis: The Empire in Crisis: 3c3c

Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: Empire in Two: 294 294

CECE

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337

Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

Barbarian Invasions: Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c4c-5c

Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

Attila the Hun:Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of “The Scourge of

God”God”

Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

Byzantium:Byzantium:The Eastern Roman The Eastern Roman

EmpireEmpire

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of During the Reign of

JustinianJustinian

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian

The Byzantine The Byzantine Emperor JustinianEmperor Justinian