The Legacy of Marc Gold… 1939-1982

Marc Gold & Associates 4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102 Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999Marc Gold & Associates 4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102 Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999

MG&A

The Legacy of

Marc Gold…

1939-1982


MG&ACalifornia: 1939 - 1965California: 1939 - 1965

Marc was born and raised in California. He Marc was born and raised in California. He grew up in the largely Hispanic area of grew up in the largely Hispanic area of East Los Angeles in a swirl of cultures and East Los Angeles in a swirl of cultures and attitudes. He attended Garfield High Sch. attitudes. He attended Garfield High Sch.

His parents, Morey and Fanny, were his His parents, Morey and Fanny, were his strongest influences, imbuing him with strongest influences, imbuing him with clear lessons of life and respect.clear lessons of life and respect.


MG&AFrom the cradle, it started at homeFrom the cradle, it started at home


MG&AThe values of Try Another WayThe values of Try Another Way

““I must attach the roots of this (TAW) to my father, I must attach the roots of this (TAW) to my father, Morey Gold, who operated a bicycle and key Morey Gold, who operated a bicycle and key shop…in East Los Angeles from 1930 until shop…in East Los Angeles from 1930 until 1966. My earliest memories include spending 1966. My earliest memories include spending time there with him talking to people of many time there with him talking to people of many different income levels, backgrounds, different income levels, backgrounds, capabilities and stations in life. Watching him… capabilities and stations in life. Watching him… provided me with the basic set of values provided me with the basic set of values reflected in the TAW system.”reflected in the TAW system.”


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Marc graduated Marc graduated with a degree in with a degree in music from Cal music from Cal State LA. At that State LA. At that time he did not time he did not expect to enter expect to enter the disability the disability field.field.


MG&AA life-changing eventA life-changing event

Marc and his wife to be, Ronna, went to a state Marc and his wife to be, Ronna, went to a state institution as a part of a class and were in the institution as a part of a class and were in the audience as a group of persons with various audience as a group of persons with various “pathologies” were lined up and forced to endure “pathologies” were lined up and forced to endure being described by a narrator. A person from being described by a narrator. A person from the group ran up to Ronna and embraced her in the group ran up to Ronna and embraced her in a terrified manner. Marc and Ronna were a terrified manner. Marc and Ronna were outraged enough to learn more about this field.outraged enough to learn more about this field.


MG&A When Marc graduated from college in 1960 , he When Marc graduated from college in 1960 , he became a special education teacher after became a special education teacher after completing a degree as a music therapistcompleting a degree as a music therapist


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Personal Personal Passions: Passions: from from music…music…


MG&ATo cars… To cars…


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To campingTo camping


MG&ATo his kidsTo his kids


MG&A Marc’s strongest passion was his kidsMarc’s strongest passion was his kids


MG&AIllinois: 1966 - 1976Illinois: 1966 - 1976

Marc and Ronna left California for the Marc and Ronna left California for the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana following the completion of a Master’s following the completion of a Master’s Degree and the death of his dad.Degree and the death of his dad.

The trip was an odyssey that took them from The trip was an odyssey that took them from the deep South to Baltimore on their way the deep South to Baltimore on their way to the Midwest. to the Midwest.


MG&AThe research yearsThe research years

During the late ’60’s and early ’70’s, Marc and his During the late ’60’s and early ’70’s, Marc and his student colleagues began laying the foundation student colleagues began laying the foundation for the Try Another Way approach and the strong for the Try Another Way approach and the strong value statements that would follow.value statements that would follow.

Later, in 1980, Marc would publish the critical Later, in 1980, Marc would publish the critical aspects of that research in aspects of that research in Did I Say That?Did I Say That?, a , a collection of 27 research studies and papers that collection of 27 research studies and papers that were used to formulate the TAW system. He also were used to formulate the TAW system. He also criticized himself for language, perspective and criticized himself for language, perspective and value lapses that he’d made in his research.value lapses that he’d made in his research.


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This fascinating This fascinating book not only book not only contained Marc’s contained Marc’s research but also research but also pre and post pre and post statements statements concerning how concerning how he felt at the time he felt at the time as well as 5 – 10 as well as 5 – 10 years later. years later.


MG&AThe research yearsThe research years

““While working on my PhD thesis… in 1967… I While working on my PhD thesis… in 1967… I was seeking tasks for which data collection was seeking tasks for which data collection would not be a problem. Having described the would not be a problem. Having described the task in such detail, I then spent approximately task in such detail, I then spent approximately one week doing nothing but trying to create or one week doing nothing but trying to create or discover appropriate tasks. When I finally came discover appropriate tasks. When I finally came upon the bicycle brake, I felt extremely stupid. I upon the bicycle brake, I felt extremely stupid. I had assembled thousands of them as a had assembled thousands of them as a youngster, but it had taken me a long time to youngster, but it had taken me a long time to realize they would be ideal tasks for my project.”realize they would be ideal tasks for my project.”


MG&A An opportunity for respectAn opportunity for respect


MG&AThe Try Another Way ApproachThe Try Another Way Approach

TAW was Marc Gold’s enduring legacy. A TAW was Marc Gold’s enduring legacy. A strategy of instruction that put the onus of strategy of instruction that put the onus of responsibility on the trainer instead of the responsibility on the trainer instead of the learner. learner.

This shift in the learning equation opened This shift in the learning equation opened the door to competency and respect for all the door to competency and respect for all persons with intellectual disabilities.persons with intellectual disabilities.


MG&AAn opportunity to acquire complex skillsAn opportunity to acquire complex skills


MG&AAt the heart of the TAW ApproachAt the heart of the TAW Approach


MG&A Marc and Steve Zider: Marc and Steve Zider: A relationship A relationship comprised of a blend of friendship, comprised of a blend of friendship, colleagueship and challengecolleagueship and challenge


MG&AThe Birth of TASH: 1975The Birth of TASH: 1975

In 1975 Marc joined a group of radicals and In 1975 Marc joined a group of radicals and malcontents in Kansas City to form an malcontents in Kansas City to form an organization called the American organization called the American Association for the Education of the Association for the Education of the Severely and Profoundly Handicapped – Severely and Profoundly Handicapped – AAESPH– perhaps the most unfortunate AAESPH– perhaps the most unfortunate organizational name in history and the organizational name in history and the original name of TASH.original name of TASH.


MG&ATry Another Way 3 Day TrainingsTry Another Way 3 Day Trainings

Started in Philadelphia, 1975Started in Philadelphia, 1975Mississippi Gulf Coast, 1976Mississippi Gulf Coast, 1976Los Angeles, 1976Los Angeles, 1976Dozens of trainings were held across the Dozens of trainings were held across the U.S. from 1976 – 1982 for thousands of U.S. from 1976 – 1982 for thousands of participants.participants.The final 3 day training was held in The final 3 day training was held in Kansas City, MO, March 24-26, 1982Kansas City, MO, March 24-26, 1982


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Taking TAW Taking TAW on the road. on the road. How many How many of us met of us met Marc…Marc…


MG&AMaking a point with outrageousnessMaking a point with outrageousness

Once in a training in Kansas City, Marc Once in a training in Kansas City, Marc asked everyone in the front row of a large asked everyone in the front row of a large audience audience to stand up and take their pants to stand up and take their pants offoff. He assured them it was to show that . He assured them it was to show that there were a variety of methods that one there were a variety of methods that one might use to teach persons with disabilities might use to teach persons with disabilities tasks of life.tasks of life.


MG&AMaking a point Making a point withwith outrageousness outrageousness

At a time when the practice was At a time when the practice was commonplace, he characterized, in a commonplace, he characterized, in a training film, long term reliance on token training film, long term reliance on token economies as “economies as “a fascist plota fascist plot”.”.

His challenge caused many in the field to His challenge caused many in the field to reconsider their arbitrary use of a variety reconsider their arbitrary use of a variety of behavioral control strategies.of behavioral control strategies.


MG&AMaking a point Making a point withwith outrageousness outrageousness

““We have made reinforcement junkies out of We have made reinforcement junkies out of learners.”learners.”


MG&AMaking a point with outrageousnessMaking a point with outrageousness

““When an assist works, don’t use it againWhen an assist works, don’t use it again.” .” This seemingly contradictory admonition This seemingly contradictory admonition challenged scores of trainers to continue challenged scores of trainers to continue to find different ways to teach a step(s) of to find different ways to teach a step(s) of a task instead of relying on the static a task instead of relying on the static ability of an assist to accomplish a step ability of an assist to accomplish a step without actually teaching the step.without actually teaching the step.


MG&A Fundamental beliefs that touched Fundamental beliefs that touched the heart…the heart…

““You can’t have a teaching technology You can’t have a teaching technology outside of a set of values…”outside of a set of values…”

““No news is good news.”No news is good news.”

““When the task provides the motivation, you When the task provides the motivation, you don’t have to.”don’t have to.”


MG&A Train, Don’t Test…Train, Don’t Test…


MG&AChallenges that touched the heartChallenges that touched the heart

““Too often, reinforcement has become the Too often, reinforcement has become the currency between a buyer and a seller.”currency between a buyer and a seller.”


MG&AChallenges that touched the heartChallenges that touched the heart

““How can we expect people to take their How can we expect people to take their places next to us in society if so many of places next to us in society if so many of the ways to supposedly help get them the ways to supposedly help get them there force them to recognize, in one way there force them to recognize, in one way or another, their subservient positions?”or another, their subservient positions?”


MG&AThe TAW Films 1976-1977The TAW Films 1976-1977

Try Another Way Try Another Way Introductory FilmIntroductory Film

The Film SeriesThe Film SeriesFilm #1Film #1: Task : Task AnalysisAnalysisFilm # 2Film # 2: Content and : Content and ProcessProcessFilm #3Film #3: Formats for : Formats for Single Pieces of Single Pieces of LearningLearning

Film #4Film #4: Formats for : Formats for Multiple Pieces of Multiple Pieces of LearningLearningFilm #5Film #5: Feedback, : Feedback, General IssuesGeneral IssuesFilm #6Film #6: Feedback, : Feedback, Specific IssuesSpecific IssuesFilm #7Film #7: : Reinforcement & Reinforcement & InfluenceInfluence


MG&AThe stars of Marc’s films: EugeneThe stars of Marc’s films: Eugene


MG&AThe stars of Marc’s films: BarbaraThe stars of Marc’s films: Barbara


MG&A The stars of Marc’s films: TomThe stars of Marc’s films: Tom


MG&AThe beginning of MG&AThe beginning of MG&A

In early 1976, Marc was invited by Ed In early 1976, Marc was invited by Ed Roberts to train human services staff Roberts to train human services staff across California. Marc, with the across California. Marc, with the assistance of others started our company, assistance of others started our company, recruited staff, trained them and recruited staff, trained them and implemented a state-wide staff-training implemented a state-wide staff-training project in the USA’s largest populated project in the USA’s largest populated state. state.


MG&ACalifornia Project: 1976-1978California Project: 1976-1978

Focused on staff in agencies within seven Focused on staff in agencies within seven “clusters” across the state from Redding to “clusters” across the state from Redding to San DiegoSan Diego

The project trained 109 staff from 22 The project trained 109 staff from 22 agencies in Californiaagencies in California

1,188 participants with disabilities learned 1,188 participants with disabilities learned 2,766 discrete skills2,766 discrete skills

3,638 task analyses were developed.3,638 task analyses were developed.


MG&AMarc and staff of California ProjectMarc and staff of California Project


MG&A Marc and Charlie Galloway, project Marc and Charlie Galloway, project director of the California Projectdirector of the California Project


MG&AGeorgia Project: 1978-1981Georgia Project: 1978-1981

Project Director, Mark StricklettProject Director, Mark Stricklett

Targeted seven regions across GeorgiaTargeted seven regions across Georgia

Refined the California Project approach to Refined the California Project approach to include “trainer of trainers”include “trainer of trainers”

The impact of the Georgia Project lingers The impact of the Georgia Project lingers today, twenty-five years later.today, twenty-five years later.


MG&AThe Ohio Project: 1979-1983The Ohio Project: 1979-1983

Targeted five regions across OhioTargeted five regions across Ohio

Project director, Denis StoddardProject director, Denis Stoddard

Lessons of California and Georgia were Lessons of California and Georgia were integrated into a sophisticated staff integrated into a sophisticated staff training strategytraining strategy

Began implementing training on Began implementing training on community job sitescommunity job sites


MG&A David was targeted to be placed in a day David was targeted to be placed in a day program before an Ohio Project program before an Ohio Project participant found him a jobparticipant found him a job


MG&AShelly assembled circuit boardsShelly assembled circuit boards


MG&A A shift to employment: The Austin A shift to employment: The Austin Project 1979 - 1982Project 1979 - 1982

This project represented an evolution for This project represented an evolution for MG&A and for Marc in that it focused MG&A and for Marc in that it focused solely on employment, helping build the solely on employment, helping build the foundation for what would become foundation for what would become supported employment.supported employment.

Relationships with major employers in the Relationships with major employers in the high-tech corridor around Austin -- high-tech corridor around Austin -- Motorola, Tracor International, IBM -- Motorola, Tracor International, IBM -- resulted in over 40 jobs for persons once resulted in over 40 jobs for persons once thought to be unemployable.thought to be unemployable.


MG&AEarly examples of support: 1979Early examples of support: 1979


MG&A The use of two job trainers quickly evolved to one-The use of two job trainers quickly evolved to one-to one support: The foundation of to one support: The foundation of portable portable supportssupports in 1980. in 1980.


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We again We again validated that validated that individuals with individuals with significant significant disabilities disabilities could acquire could acquire and perform and perform complex tasks complex tasks with support with support and instructionand instruction


MG&AThe Mississippi Project: 1981The Mississippi Project: 1981

Project targeted three regions in the state Project targeted three regions in the state with twelve agencies participating in this with twelve agencies participating in this one year projectone year project

This project was a hybrid between the This project was a hybrid between the earlier staff training projects and the Austin earlier staff training projects and the Austin employment projectemployment project

CETA funds were used to provide both CETA funds were used to provide both staff training and employment assistancestaff training and employment assistance


MG&A 15 persons became employed in this 15 persons became employed in this early Supported Employment effortearly Supported Employment effort


MG&AThe focus was on factory jobsThe focus was on factory jobs


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From a state From a state institution to institution to a job in the a job in the community…community…


MG&A We used the strategies of TAW in We used the strategies of TAW in natural workplacesnatural workplaces


MG&AOther projects and initiativesOther projects and initiatives

The Monroe, Michigan ProjectThe Monroe, Michigan Project

The Westfield, Massachusetts ProjectThe Westfield, Massachusetts Project

The Minnesota (Iron Range) ProjectThe Minnesota (Iron Range) Project

Manitoba Project, CanadaManitoba Project, Canada

United Kingdom ProjectUnited Kingdom Project

Norway ProjectNorway Project


MG&AMarc Gold the man…Marc Gold the man…


MG&APassing the stewardship for TAWPassing the stewardship for TAW

In the summer of 1981 Marc welcomed all In the summer of 1981 Marc welcomed all employees of MG&A to his home in employees of MG&A to his home in Urbana, Illinois.Urbana, Illinois.Over 25 staff converged on Urbana for Over 25 staff converged on Urbana for what would become a “passing of the what would become a “passing of the torch”torch”Marc recognized that his concepts had Marc recognized that his concepts had grown far beyond research labs and grown far beyond research labs and training roomstraining rooms


MG&AChanges that were made to TAW…Changes that were made to TAW…

Evolving toward a community imperative Evolving toward a community imperative

Training only in natural settingsTraining only in natural settings

Further individualizing task analysesFurther individualizing task analyses

Accepting naturalness as a starting point Accepting naturalness as a starting point for all support and trainingfor all support and training

““De-mystifying” writing of task analysesDe-mystifying” writing of task analyses


MG&AMarc died December 21,1982Marc died December 21,1982

Documents

The Legacy of Marc Gold… 1939-1982