The Language Of Medicine - HEALTH SCIENCE …mactchealthscienceacademy.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/5/3/15534710/...Title: The Language of Medicine A Write-in Text Explaining Medical Terms

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1

The Language Of

Medicine

9th edition

Davi-Ellen Chabner

Chapter 2

Terms Pertaining to the

Body as a Whole



Chapter Goals

Define terms that apply to the structural

organization of the body.

Identify the body cavities and recognize the

organs contained within those cavities.

Locate and identify the anatomical and

clinical divisions of the abdomen.

Locate and name the anatomical divisions of

the back.


Chapter Goals (cont’d)

Become acquainted with terms that describe

positions, directions, and planes of the body.

Identify the meanings for new word elements

and use them to understand medical terms.


Chapter 2

Lesson 2.1


Structural Organization of the Body

CELLS

TISSUES

ORGANS

SYSTEMS



Cells—Fundamental units

of all living things

Major parts of a cell

include:

chromosomes

nucleus

cell membrane

cytoplasm


CELL—the fundamental unit of all living things



Study Section 1

anabolism

catabolism

cell membrane

chromosomes

cytoplasm

DNA

endoplasmic

reticulum

genes

karyotype

metabolism

mitochondria

nucleus



Cells are specialized to

carry out individual

functions.

Identify the following in

the image

Epithelial cell

Fat cell

Nerve cell

Muscle cell



(cont’d)

Types of Cells


Tissues

Different tissue types include:

Epithelial Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Connective Tissue

Nerve Tissue


(cont’d)



(cont’d)

Organs: Different types of tissue

combine to form an organ

Systems: Groups of organs working

together to perform complex

functions


Study Section 2

adipose tissue

cartilage

epithelial cells

histologist

larynx

pharynx

pituitary gland

thyroid gland

trachea

ureter

urethra

uterus

viscera


Body Cavities and Organs

Cranial

Thoracic

Abdominal

Pelvic

Spinal

Brain

Lungs and heart

Stomach, small and large

intestines, spleen, pancreas

Portions of the small and large

intestines, bladder, rectum

Nerves of the spinal cord

Cavity Organ(s)


Body Cavities

Label the body cavities

in the figure


Body Cavities (cont’d)

Body cavities are the

spaces within the body

that contain internal

organs (viscera).


QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which body cavity contains the

pleural cavity and the

mediastinum?

A. cranial

B. pelvic

C.spinal

D. thoracic


2. Which body cavity contains the

peritoneum?

A. abdominal

B. pelvic

C.spinal

D. thoracic

QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)


Organs of the

Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities


Organs of the Abdominopelvic

and Thoracic Cavities (cont’d)


Study Section 3

abdominal cavity

cranial cavity

diaphragm

dorsal (posterior)

mediastinum

pleura

pleural cavity

spinal cavity

thoracic cavity

ventral (anterior)


Abdominopelvic Regions and

Quadrants

Regions Right Hypochondriac region

Left Hypochondriac region

Epigastric region

Right Lumbar region

Left Lumbar region

Umbilical region

Right Inguinal region

Left Inguinal region

Hypogastric region


Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)


Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)


Abdominopelvic Regions and

Quadrants

Quadrants

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)


Abdominopelvic Quadrants


Abdominopelvic Quadrants

(cont’d)


Chapter 2

Lesson 2.2


Anatomical Divisions of the Back

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccygeal



(cont’d)



(cont’d)


QUICK QUIZ:

3. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the central region

near the navel.

A. inguinal

B. umbilical

C. lumbar

D.hypochondriac


QUICK QUIZ:

(cont’d)

4. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the lower middle

below the umbilical region.

A. inguinal

B. epigastric

C. lumbar

D.hypogastric


Positions, Directions, and

Planes of the Body

Positional and Directional Terms

Anterior (ventral)

Posterior (dorsal)

Deep

Superficial

Proximal

Distal

Inferior

Superior





(cont’d)



Planes of the Body

Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d)

Medial

Lateral

Supine

Prone



Planes of the Body (cont'd)

Planes of the Body

Frontal (coronal)

Sagittal (lateral)

Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)




Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d)


Combining Forms, Suffixes,

and Prefixes

COMBINING FORMS

abdomin/o abdomen

adip/o fat

anter/o front

bol/o to cast (throw)

Combining Form Meaning



and Prefixes (cont’d)

COMBINING FORMS

cervic/o neck (of the body or uterus)

chondr/o cartilage

chrom/o color

coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone)





COMBINING FORMS

crani/o skull

cyt/o cell

dist/o far, distant

dors/o back portion of the body



Combining Forms, Suffixes


COMBINING FORMS

hist/o tissue

ili/o ilium (of the pelvic bone)

inguin/o groin

kary/o nucleus





COMBINING FORMS

later/o side

lumb/o lower back

medi/o middle

nucle/o nucleus



COMBINING FORMS

pelv/i pelvis

poster/o back, behind

proxim/o nearest

sacr/o sacrum







COMBINING FORMS

sarc/o flesh

spin/o spine, backbone

thel/o nipple

thorac/o chest

trache/o trachea, windpipe



COMBINING FORMS

umbilic/o navel, umbilicus

ventr/o belly side of the body

vertebro vertebra(e), backbone(s)

viscer/o internal organs





PREFIXES

ana- up

cata- down

epi- above

hypo- below

inter- between

meta- change






and Prefixes (cont’d) SUFFIXES

-eal pertaining to

-iac pertaining to

-ior pertaining to

-ism process, condition

-ose pertaining to, full of

-plasm formation

-somes bodies

-type picture, classification

Suffix Meaning


QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which term means process of

cutting the skull?

A. thoracotomy

B. craniotomy

C.diskectomy

D.arthroscopy


Pronunciation

Guide Review

ā as in āpe

ē as in ēven

ī as in īce

ō as in ōpen

ū as in ūnit

ă as in ăpple

ĕ as in ĕvery

ĭ as in ĭnterest

ŏ as in pŏt

ŭ as in ŭnder


Pronunciation

Examples:

adipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs

caudal KAWD- ăl

distal DĬS-tăl

trachea TRĀ-kē-ă

Documents

The Language Of Medicine - HEALTH SCIENCE …mactchealthscienceacademy.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/5/3/15534710/...Title: The Language of Medicine A Write-in Text Explaining Medical Terms