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The Land “Down Under”. The “Outback”. Dry and barren (empty) Little resources to promote economic activities Extreme temperatures Summers: well above 100°F Winters: 20-30 °F. Densely populated cities located on the coast Sydney: 3.7 million people Melbourne: 3.5 million people. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Land “Down Under”
The “Outback”
• Dry and barren (empty)• Little resources to promote economic activities• Extreme temperatures– Summers: well above 100°F– Winters: 20-30°F
• Densely populated cities located on the coast
• Sydney: 3.7 million people
• Melbourne: 3.5 million people
New Zealand
North Island
• Mild climate• More populated than South Island– Auckland:
South Island
• Mountainous• Highland climate
High Islands and Low Islands
• High islands: volcanic islands that rise high above sea level and are mountainous
• Low islands: generally small and consist of built up sand
Oceania
Pacific Island Subregions
• Melanesia– Mountainous islands with many volcanoes– Stretches from New Guinea east to Fiji
• Micronesia– East of the Philippines (contains Guam)– Mix of high islands and low islands
• Polynesia– Largest subregion (from New Zealand to the
Hawaiian Islands and Easter Island)
Current Status of the Pacific Islands
• After WWII, many islands have moved away from colonialism – some have become fully independent
• Some islands are still colonies or are associated with other countries– Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa – U.S. territories– Northern Mariana Islands – commonwealth with the U.S.
(similar to Puerto Rico)– Federated States of Micronesia – free association with
the U.S. – Deal: status allows citizens to work in the U.S. freely and
in return the U.S. can keep military bases on the islands
Biogeography
• A sub-field of geography that studies the spatial distribution of flora and fauna around the world
• Australia has unique biogeography since the flora and fauna have historically been isolated from other landmasses
Australian History
First Inhabitants
• Aborigines – Resemble “primitive” people from Asia and South
Pacific Islands– Hunting and gathering group
Aboriginal Culture
“Walkabout”
• Present day term for nomadic wandering• Rite of passage in which a male Aborigine
undergoes a journey during adolescence to live in the wilderness for a period as long as six months
Age of Exploration• 16th century – Abel Tasman (Dutch explorer) first
landed on Australia
Age of Exploration• Captain James Cook (British) – first to survey
Australia’s coast in 1770
Colonial Australia• Founded as a prison colony – debtors were shipped
as convicts to work out their sentence on Australia
Early Settlement
• Difficult because of the rough terrain• Europeans were wary of the native plants
• Prediction: What effect do you think that settlement will have on the Aborigines?
Homework
• Read “The Secret of Dreaming”, an indigenous Australian folktale