The Lake Looks Good Believe It Or Not · ~ Data can be collected and recorded on an iPad ~ Raw data is sent to LakeScan™ and it is analyzed by complex algorithms, ~ Charts are generated

Aquest

G. Douglas Pullman, Ph.D. Aquest Corp.

Flint, MI Tampa, FL

Aquatic Vegetation

Management

The Lake Looks Good –

Believe It Or Not

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What’s the Problem?

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Why Is It A Problem?

The Pollution Paradigm

The Disturbance Paradigm

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Consequences of

Cultural Disturbance

Loss of Species and Habitat Diversity

Diminished Complexity and Ecosystem Feedback Mechanisms

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Consequences of

Cultural Disturbance

Loss of Ecosystem Stability

Algae Blooms Noxious Filamentous and Planktonic Species

Weedy Plant Communities Opportunistic and Facultative Invasive Species

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It’s Basic Limnology!

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Take Aim!

~ What is the goal of the lake management plan?

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What Do We Want?

MANAGEMENT GOAL

~ Increased Biodiversity

~ More Structural Complexity

~ Greater Ecosystem Stability

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How Do We Achieve

Our Goals?

Lake Management Plans and Programs

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How Do We Measure

Outcomes?

~ Is the lake getting better?

~ Is the lake getting worse?

~ What is better and what is worse?

~ Does management have any impact on key metric?

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What Should We Measure?

~ What Species Are Present?

Plant Species Presence/Absence or Species Richness

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Critical Metrics

Plant Species Presence/Absence or Species Richness

~ What Species Are Present?

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Critical Metrics ~ Species Present

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Critical Metrics ~ Species Present

~ Species Locations in and Throughout the Lake

% Cover at AVAS, Point or Line Intercept

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38

40

41

46

47

48

6970

76

102

112

113

201 202203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211 212

213

214

215

221222

223224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279280 281 282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289290

291

292

293

302

303

304

305306 307

308

309

250

260

261

295

296

301216

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157 0 0 81 65 9 2 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

All Tier Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Tier 6

To

tal A

RO

S

Total AROS Assigned to Each Tier

155 2 18 60 75 2 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

All MZL MZl 0 MZL 1 MZL 2 MZL 3 MZL 4

To

tal A

RO

S

Total AROS Assigned to Each Management

Zone Level

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present

~ Species Locations

~ Plant Density (AVAS Pullman and Kenaga)

Density a, b, c, or d

~ Density and Distribution (see Aquest Method)

Density a, b, c, or d AND

Distribution s, sp, p, or cp

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Critical Metrics

“s” = scattered

“cp” = contiguous

patches “p” = patchy

“sp” = scattered

patches a - c

c - d c

b - c

Density and Distribution

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present

~ Species Locations and Distribution

~ Plant Density Distribution at Assessment Site

DIVERSITY INDICES

~ BioDiversity, MorphoDiversity, Vertical Diversity

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Critical Metrics

BIODIVERSITY LakeScan™ BioD 40©

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Critical Metrics

BIODIVERSITY LakeScan™ BioD 40©

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Critical Metrics

MORPHODIVERSITY LakeScan™ MorphoD 26©

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Critical Metrics

MORPHODIVERSITY LakeScan™ MorphoD 26©

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present




~ Plant Community Quality

Coefficient of Conservatism - “C” Value

Management Target Priority – “T” Value

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Critical Metrics

“C” and “T” Rankings

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Critical Metrics

“C” and “T” Rankings

0

2

2

2

2

0

3

5

7

3

0

0

0

5

1

1

1

2

2

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

MZL 0

MZL 1

MZL 2

MZL 3

MZL 4

Total Species

Total Number of "T" Species at Each MZL

T1

T2

T3

T4

2

2

0

0

7

5

0

0

5

0

0

0

3

2

1

1

0 2 4 6 8 10

Tier 3

Tier 4

Tier 5

Tier 6

Total Species

Total Number of "T" Species at Each Tier

T 1

T 2

T 3

T 4

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present





Weediness

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Critical Metrics

LakeScan™ Weediness 10© Factor

i Factor, Density, and Distribution

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present





~ Species Interactions (Dominance)

LakeScan™ Dom 100© Index

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Critical Metrics

LakeScan™ Dom 100© Index

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Critical Metrics

~ Species Present





~ Species Biovolume

LakeScan™ Relative BioVolume Estimate

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Critical Metrics


~ Species Unit Volume per Stem Length

~ Stems or Branches per Unit Area

~ Vertically Adjusted or Variable Stem Density (Mats)

~ Approximate Height In Water Column

Visual Estimate or HydroAcoustic Determination)

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Critical Metrics


10209

3383

47 14 0

5000

10000

15000

Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Tier 6

Ft3

/A•F

t P

lan

t B

iovo

lum

e

Mean AROS BioVolume Ft3/A•Ft of Plant Species Species by Tier

10 31

341

137

49

0

100

200

300

400

500

MZL 0 MZL 1 MZL 2 MZL 3 MZL 4

Ft3

Pla

nt B

iovo

lum

e

Mean AROS BioVolume Ft3 of All Plant Species Species by MZL

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Critical Metrics


-100% -96%

0%

-69% -76% -69%

-100%

-50%

0%

50%

100%

T1 T2 T3 T4 + T2 + T3

% C

ha

ng

e

% Change in AROS Mean Biovolume (Ft3) From V1 to V2 by Tier

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Trend Analysis 1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Total

Years

BAR √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √

BAS √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7

BIG √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 10

CED √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 9

IND √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7

JOS √ √ √ √ √ 5

KNT √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 11

LAP

LOB √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8

LON

LOW √ √ √ √ 4

NOR √ √ 2

OGE √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7

PLS √ √ √ √ √ √ 6

PLN

SHN

STN √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8

TAM √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 9

TIP √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8

WAB

WHT √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 11

WIL √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 80

1 1 1 3

4

2 1 0

2.5

5

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nu

mb

er

of

La

ke

s

Total Years

Years of Analysis

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Trend Analysis Species AROS Lake

Richness Morphos Mean C Whole Lake MZL 0 MZL 1 MZL 2 MZL 3 BioD T2+ MorphoD BioVol Biovol Weediness

Total Positive Lakes 11 11 5 12 7 9 11 11 11 11 7 8 11

Total Negative Lakes 5 5 11 4 2 3 4 2 5 5 9 8 5

Total Lakes Unchanged 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BAR - - - - + + + + - - - - +BAS - + + - + + + - + - + +BIG + + - + - + - - + + + + +

CED + - + + + + + + - - - -IND + + + + + + + + - + -JOS - - - + - - - - - + - -KNT + - - + + + + + + + +LAP

LOB + + - + - - + + + + + +LON

LOW + + - + + + + + + + - - +NOR

OGE + + + + + + + + + - + +PLS + + - - + + + + - - + -PLN

SHN

STN + + - + + + + + + - +TAM + + - + + + + + + + - +TIP - - - + + + + - - - - +

WAB

WHT + + + + - - - + + + + + -WIL - + - - + + + - + - - +

0

BioD

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Trend Analysis

Species AROS Lake

Richness Morphos Mean C Lake MZL 0 MZL 1 MZL 2 MZL 3 BioD T2+ MorphoD BioVol Biovol Weediness

Total Positive Lakes 11 11 5 12 7 9 11 11 11 11 7 8 11

Total Negative Lakes 5 5 11 4 2 3 4 2 5 5 9 8 5

Total Lakes Unchanged 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BioD

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Early Summer/Late Summer

Analysis

0

3

6

9

12

15

Species Morphos BioD Weediness

Whole Lake

+

-

o 0

3

6

9

12

15


MZL 0

+

-

o

0

3

6

9

12

15


MZL 1

+

-

o 0

3

6

9

12

15


MZL 2

+

-

o 0

3

6

9

12

15


MZL 3

+

-

o

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LakeScan™ Advantages

How Else Will You Know if You’ve Done Any Good?

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Thank You!

CONTACT INFORMATION:

G. Douglas Pullman, Ph.D.

Aquest Corporation

1110 South Drive

Flint, MI 48503

810-237-8893 (voice)

810-237-8894 (fax)

[email protected]

Thank You!

Please Protect Aquatic Biodiversity

Manage Invasive Species

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Assessments ~ Species Richness

~ Plant Community Quality (“C”, “T”, & Weediness)

~ Plant Species Interactions (Species Dominance)

~ Plant Community Spatial Diversity (BioD & MorphoD)

~ Plant Species BioVolume

… and that’s not all

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It’s Not Difficult ~ Data can be collected and recorded on an iPad

~ Raw data is sent to LakeScan™ and it is analyzed by complex algorithms,

~ Charts are generated (histograms and tables) and are delivered in MS Word format. You can add a data review, program assessment, treatment evaluations, management recommendations and budgets. It’s up to you.

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Assessments ~ Create Annual Records of Lake Condition

~ Species to Species Relationships

~ Lake to Lake Comparisons

~ Survey to Survey Comparisons (i.e. Pre and Post Tmts, etc.)

~ Year to Year Comparisons of Critical Data

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What Do You Need to Do?

STEP 1

~ Identify the Species Present

~ Record Where the Species Are Found

STEP 2

~ Notes on Density and Distribution

~ Notes on Water Column Position

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Aquatic Resource Observation Site

~ Find everything in observation site,

~ Can be georeferenced,

~ Can be weighted according to size of

site,

~ Can be weighted according to location,

~ Provides treatment zone location info.

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Observation Methods

~ Frodis Sample Analysis

~ Simple Visual Analysis

~ Hydro-Acoustic Techniques

~ Video

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Analysis

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Management Zone Levels

MZL 1 - 4

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Species Richness and Quality

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Diversity Factors

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Diversity Factors

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Diversity Factors

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Diversity Factors

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Dominance Factors

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Dominance Factors

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Dominance Factors

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SAV Management Goal

Plant Community Diversity

~ Attainable with existing technologies

~ Sustainable outcomes

~ Stabilizes ecosystem for greater

resilience and fewer bloom events

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“C” Value

An index that is used to quantify how

tolerant a plant species is to cultural

or natural ecosystem disturbance.

See: Nichols, 1999

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Density and

Distribution

“s” = scattered

“cp” = contiguous

patches “p” = patchy

“sp” = scattered

patches a - c

c - d c

b - c

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Plant Quality

1987 Registration (Elanco)

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Providing Proof of Benefits

Documentation

Vegetation Surveys

Management History Records

Photographic Records Meeting Minutes

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SAV Surveys

~ What Species Present ~ Characterize the Community and Location ~ Notes on Density and Distribution ~ Notes on Height ~ Note General Lake Condition

Providing Proof of Benefits

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Hypothesis

Most lake users are satisfied with

conditions where biodiversity is

high and ecosystem stability is optimized

AND where the lake plant community is

dominated by “non-invasive species”.

Documents

The Lake Looks Good Believe It Or Not · ~ Data can be collected and recorded on an iPad ~ Raw data is sent to LakeScan™ and it is analyzed by complex algorithms, ~ Charts are generated