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The Labor Movement. The Rise of Unions CHAPTER 20 SECTION 4. By the late 1800s, harsh conditions led workers to organize:. Long hours. Low wages. Unsafe working conditions. Workers fight back:. Took days off. Slowed their work pace. Strikes. Knights of Labor 1869. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Rise of Unions
CHAPTER 20 SECTION 4
By the late 1800s, harsh conditions led workers to organize:
Long hours
Low wages
Unsafe working conditions
Workers fight back:
Took days off
Slowed their work pace
Strikes
Knights of Labor 1869
Did not believe in strikes
Unskilled labor could not join
GOALS – shorter workday, end to child labor, equal pay for men/women
AFL (American Federation of Labor) 1886
Organized by Samuel Gompers
Open to skilled labor only
(organized nationally)
AFL: limited goals
Higher wages
8 hour workdays
Improved work conditions
Fought for collective bargaining
AFL…
Supported use of strikes
Collected dues to help pay workers during strikes
By 1910, 1.5 million members
Haymarket Riot 1886
Strike at McCormick factory in Chicago
Anarchists accused of starting riot
Anti-labor feeling in US leads to drop in membership
Homestead Strike, 1892
Homestead, PA, Carnegie’s Steel Mill.
Thousands of strikers clash with Private Security (Pinkertons)
Governor calls in National Guard to restore order, allow non-union workers into mill.
Weakens public support for unions even more, shows govt. will side with owners/management.
Pullman Strike 1894
Violent strike in Chicago, with railroad workers siding with Pullman employees
Railroad traffic stops in Chicago
Pullman Strike 1894…
Federal Judge orders injunction against the strikers
Strike leaders (Eugene V. Debs) jailed.
Weapons of Labor Unions:
•Strikes
•Boycotts
•Picketing
Weapons of Employers:•Hiring of Scabs (replacement workers, strike-breakers)
•Injunctions – court orders that forbid workers to strike, picket.
•Lockout – workers cannot work until they agree to employers terms
•Blacklists – troublemakers are targeted for non-employment by companies.
Women in the Labor Movement:
Women formed their own unions, but had no success
Mother Jones (Mary Jones) campaigned for reforms for workers, union membership
Triangle Fire in 1911 exposed working conditions for women
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Firemen’s ladders could not reach the top floors.
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Triangle Fire: March 1911
Owners: Blank & Harris