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The Labor MovementThe Labor Movement
1880 - 19301880 - 1930
The WorkforceThe Workforce
ImmigrantsImmigrants Rural AmericaRural America
Life of a Factory WorkerLife of a Factory Worker
Long HoursLong Hours Low PayLow Pay Few BreaksFew Breaks No Job SecurityNo Job Security Tenement LivingTenement Living Dangerous Dangerous
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions
Video:Video:
The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Emergence of UnionsEmergence of Unions
Organizations of Organizations of workers created to workers created to improve wages & improve wages & working conditions.working conditions.
Existed since 1778Existed since 1778
Most Americans Most Americans dislike unionsdislike unions– Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
Early UnionsEarly Unions National Labor Union (NLU)National Labor Union (NLU)
– Founded: 1866 - William Founded: 1866 - William SylvisSylvis
– Skilled & Unskilled workers, Skilled & Unskilled workers, farmers and reformersfarmers and reformers
– Excluded women & blacksExcluded women & blacks
– Membership: 600,000Membership: 600,000
– 8 Hour work day8 Hour work day
Early UnionsEarly Unions Knights of LaborKnights of Labor
– Founded: 1869 - Uriah Founded: 1869 - Uriah StephensStephens
– Secret SocietySecret Society
– Child labor, public ownership Child labor, public ownership of railroads, 8 hour work dayof railroads, 8 hour work day
– 1879 – Terence Powderly1879 – Terence Powderly
– Membership 700,000Membership 700,000
Early UnionsEarly Unions
American American Federation of Labor Federation of Labor (AFL)(AFL)– Founded: 1886 – Founded: 1886 –
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
– Skilled workersSkilled workers
– 1904 Membership: 1904 Membership: 1.75 million1.75 million
Why Unions?Why Unions?
Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining– Union & Management negotiate a Union & Management negotiate a
contract that includes: contract that includes: WagesWages HoursHours Working ConditionsWorking Conditions BenefitsBenefits Job SecurityJob Security
Tactics Used Tactics Used AgainstAgainst Unions Unions(Weapons of Business)(Weapons of Business)
Fire LeadersFire Leaders BlacklistsBlacklists Yellow-Dog Yellow-Dog
ContractContract InjunctionsInjunctions LockoutsLockouts StrikebreakersStrikebreakers Public OpinionPublic Opinion
Tactics Used Tactics Used ByBy Unions Unions(Weapons of Labor)(Weapons of Labor)
StrikeStrike BoycottBoycott PicketingPicketing