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The Labor Force Migration in Romania after
Adhering to the E.U.
2
The Labor Force Migration in Romania after
Adhering to the E.U.
•Research method
Survey.
•Target population
People living in an urban
environment, between 18 and 55 years
old, that are aware that in 2007 Romania will
adhere to the E.U.
•Data collection technique
Telephone interviews.
•Sampling method
Proportionate probabilistic sample.
•Sample size
1120 respondents.
•Fieldwork
30 Nov 2006 - 05 Dec 2006.
•Chapter 1 – The changes on the Romanian labor market expected
by the Romanians after Adhering to the E.U.
The labor force Immigration expected on the Romanian labor market
The threat that foreign labor force represent
The Romanian labor force Emigration expected to the E.U. countries
How skilled the Romanians see themselves compared to the U.E workers
The nationalities most preferred by Romanians as work colleagues
•Chapter 2 – The Romanians’ emigration intentions
The Romanians’ intentions to emigrate for work in the E.U. countries
The E.U. countries most preferred by Romanian labor force
How Romanian workers plan to find a job in the E.U. countries
The experience in working in the E.U. countries that future Emigrants have
The intentions to emigrate in the E.U. of those who already worked there
The working conditions accepted by Romanian labor force to work in the E.U.
•Chapter 3 – Demographics
Experience in working abroad/The countries where Romanians have worked
before
Age/Gender/Education/Number of Persons in the Household/Residence Area
Occupation/ Marital Status
Personal Monthly Net Income / Monthly Net Income per family member
Table of Contents Methodology
Date: Dec.06
3
Chapter 1 – The Changes on the Romanian
Labor Market Expected by the Romanians
After Adhering to the E.U.
4
Da
6.9%
Nu
93.1%
The Changes on the Romanian Labor Market Expected
by the Romanians After Adhering to the E.U. »
30.2
48.4
84.472.7
69.8
51.6
15.6
27.3
Manual/non manual
workers from E.U. will
come to Romania
Professional workers from
E.U. will come to Romania
Manual/non manual
workers from poorer
countries will come to
Romania
Professional workers from
poorer countries will come
to Romania
Most Romanians, expect new labor force form abroad after joining E.U., especially
from poorer countries. Still, Romanian workers do not consider foreign employees
to be a threat for their jobs.
Yes, I feel
my job threaten
No, I do not feel
my job threaten
The labor force Immigration Expected on the
Romanian Labor Market
The Threat That Foreign
labor force Represent
%
-Yes
-No
Base: N=1120
Q 3. Now, I will read you a few phenomena that could take place or not, after Romania will adhere to the E.U. For each of these, please tell me if you think they will take
place or not.
Q 4. Do you feel threaten by the foreign labor force coming to Romania?
5
93.789.5
6.3
10.5
Manual/non manual
workers from Romania will
leave to work in the E.U.
Professional workers from
Romania will leave to work
in the E.U.
A great number of Romanians
believe that after adhering to the
E.U., a part of the Romanian
labor force will migrate to the
E.U. countries .
The Romanian labor force
Emigration Expected to the
E.U. Countries
%
-Yes
-NoBase: N=1120
» The Changes on the Romanian Labor Market Expected
by the Romanians After Adhering to the E.U.
Q 3. Now, I will read you a few phenomena that could take place or not, after Romania will adhere to the E.U. For each of these, please tell me if you think they will take
place or not.
6
31.0
49.5
19.6
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
N=1120
How Skilled the Romanians See Themselves Compared to the
E.U Workers
-I’m less skilled then them
-I’m just as skilled as them
-I’m better skilled
Most Romanians trust their
professional skills. They consider
themselves equally or even better
skilled than their E.U. homologues.
%
Base: N=1120
Q 2. Could you please tell me, how do you see your professional skills compared those of a E.U. employee with the same position as yours?
7
The Nationalities Most Preferred by Romanians as Work
Colleagues
Base: N=1120
12.2
11.8
10.3
10.1
6.8
4.3
1.3
4.5
4.4
50.2
9.4
0 20 40 60
Germ
ani
Francezi
Unguri
Nu m
a
inte
reseaza/
Mi-
e in
diferent
German
British
Italian
French
Spanish
American
Hungarian
Other E.U. nationalities
Other non E.U. nationalities
I am indifferent
Don’t Know/No Answer
If having foreign work
colleagues, approximately half of the
Romanians would be indifferent to their
nationalities. Still, those that have
preferences, would like their foreign
colleagues to be
German, English, Italian and French
%
Let’s suppose you would have foreign work colleagues.
Q 5. What nationalities would you prefer them to be?
8
Chapter 2 – The Romanians’
Emigration Intentions
9
Yes
25.6%
No
74.4%
Yes
26.0%No
74.0%
Yes
23.4%No
76.6%
Yes
31.2%No
68.8%
N=1120
Transilvania
Moldova
Muntenia, Oltenia and Dobrogea
N=170
N=363
N=587
The Romanians’ Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the
E.U. Countries»
Approximately one quarter
(25.6%) of the
respondents, expressed
their desire to leave for
work in the E.U. countries
after the adhering date.
Most frequently, this desire
was observed on
respondents coming from
Moldova region.
%
Intention to Emigrate
Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date?
10
25.6
74.4
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
N=1120
32.4
22.115.1
67.6
77.984.9
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
N=514 N=407 N=199
Age Categories
18 – 30 y.o. 46 – 55 y.o.31 – 45 y.o.
-Yes
-No
Total
»The Romanians’ Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the
E.U. Countries»
Young people aged between 18 and 30 are the most determined to leave
for work in the E.U. after January 1st
2007
%
Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date?
11
10.4
16.6
12.8
13.6
14.1
18.7
13.8
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
N=200
Less then a year
1 - 2 years
2 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
More than 5 years but not for
definitely
I'll stay there definitely
Dan't know/No answer
Yes
25.6%
No
74.4%
» The Romanians’ Intentions to Emigrate for Work in the
E.U. Countries
*Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007
* N=280
N=1120
Work Period
Almost half of those decided to emigrate to the E.U. countries want to return to
Romania in at most three years. This, while only 16.6% want to remain for
definitely in their adoptive countries.
%
Intention to Emigrate
Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date?
Q 8. For how many years do you intend to work abroad?
12
Yes
25.6%
No
74.4%
The E.U. Countries Most Preferred by Romanian
labor force
*N=280
24.8
16.1
16.0
11.5
8.0
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.3
2.1
15.0
0 20 40 60 80
Italia
Marea
Britanie
Austr
ia
Alte ta
ri din
cadrul U
.E.
Italy
Germany
Spain
U.K.
France
Holland
Austria
Belgium
Sweden
Other E.U. countries
Don’t Know/ No answer
N=1120
The most preferred destination for Romanian workers is Italy, followed by Germany
and Spain.
%
Intention to Emigrate Countries of Destination
Q 10. To which country do you intend to leave?
*Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007
13
47.9
26.2
23.7
21.8
16.1
3.7
1.0
0 20 40 60 80
Ma vor aju
ta
rudele
/
cunostinte
le
afla
te deja
acolo
Ma voi duce
acolo
si m
a voi
descurca la
fata
lo
culu
i
Nu stiu/ N
on-
raspuns
*Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st 2007 and also named their country of destination
How Romanian Workers Plan to Find a Job in the E.U.
Countries
Base: *N=236
I will get help from my
relatives/acquaintances that are already there
I will watch from Romania foreign job
openings and I will apply for interviews
I will apply at the Romanian labor force
Migration Office
I will go there and handle it on site
I will apply on private companies specialized
in distributing labor force
Other
Don’t Know/ No answer
Almost half of those decided to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January
1st 2007 have relatives or acquaintances that already work in their countries of
destination. They rely on their relatives’/acquaintances’ support to find a job there.
%
Q 12. How do you think you will find a job in this country?
14
Yes
25.6%
No
74.4%
The Experience in Working in the E.U. Countries that Future
Emigrants Have
26.9
73.1
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
*N=280
-Yes -No
Base: *N=280
Out of the respondents who will leave for work in the E.U. countries after
January 1st
2007 almost three quarters haven’t worked in E.U. before
Intention to Emigrate
%
Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date?
D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before?
D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before?
Experience in working in
the E.U.
*Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st
2007
15
Yes
16.5%
No
83.5%
*Base: respondents who have already worked in a E.U. country.
More than half of the respondents who have already worked in the European Union
and came back to Romania, will not return for work to a E.U. country.
The Intentions to Emigrate in the E.U. of Those Who
Already Worked There
N=1120
41.7
58.3
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
*N=280
-Yes -No *N=178
Experience in working in
the E.U.
Intention to Emigrate
%
D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before?
D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before?
Q 7. Do you personally intend to leave for work to a E.U. country after the adhering date?
16
Q 9. Which of the following conditions are you willing to accept in order to work in the E.U. countries?
A considerable number of those who wish to leave for work, are willing to accept a job
with a lower qualification than the present one or a salary below that of their homologues
in that country. Moreover, one out of five respondents is willing to work on the “black”
labor market.
The Working Conditions Accepted by Romanian labor
force to Work in the E.U.
Base: *N=188
57.7
55.7
23.9
6.5
0 20 40 60 80
Un lo
c de m
unca sub
calific
area pe care o
am
in
prezent
Munca fara form
e
legale
/ fara carte
de
munca
A job with a lower qualification that I have now
A salary lower than those of other employees in
that country with the same position that I have
Working without legal forms
Working conditions lower than those I have now
%
Still, the Romanian workers
are not willing to work
unless if their European
employers provide them
with working conditions at
least as good as the
current ones.
*Base: respondents who wish to leave for work in the E.U. countries after January 1st
2007
17
Chapter 3 – Demographics
18
The Countries Where Romanians
Have Worked Before
82.4
29.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
EU countries
Non-EU coutries
Experience in Working Abroad
Yes
20.0%
No
80.0%
Demographics »
Base: N=1120
D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before?
D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before?
19
Yes
20.0%
No
80.0%
» Demographics »
24.9
19.5
13.5
13.3
7.4
6.2
5.4
5.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Italy
Germany
Hungary
Spain
Austria
France
Turkey
USA
Base: N=1120
The Countries Where Romanians
Have Worked Before
Experience in Working Abroad
D 1. Have you ever worked abroad before?
D 2. In which foreign country/countries have you worked before?
20
48.5%51.5%
Females Males
7.6%
16.2%
35.1%
27.4%
13.7%
One Two Three Four Five or More
45.9%
35.8%
18.3%
18 - 30 y.o. 31 - 45 y.o. 46 - 55 y.o.
» Demographics»
Age
Number of Members in the Household
4.8%
18.7%
41.2%
7.0%
22.1%
6.1%
8 Grades Or Less
10 Grades / Vocational School
High-School
Post High-school
College / University
Post University
Education
Gender
Base: N=1120
45.9%
35.8%
18.3%
Moldova
Muntenia, Oltenia and
Dobrogea
Transilvania
Residence Area
S 1. Could you please tell me your age in reached years?
D 6. Gender
D 7. What is your highest level of education attained?
D 9. How many members are in your household including you?
21
13.8%
3.4%
18.5%
27.9%
17.2%
3.3%
1.9%
8.1%
4.7%
1.1%
Employer/ self employed
Manager/ director
Professional
Non manual worker
Manual worker
Housewife
Retired
Pupil/ student
Unemployed
Maternity leave
» Demographics »
Occupation
Single /
Divorced /
Widow
54.8%
Married /
Living With A
Partner
45.2%
Marital Status
Base: N=1120
D 8. What is your marital status?
D 10. Which of the following categories represents best you currently employee form?
D 11. Which of the following categories corresponds best to your currently occupation?
D 12. In which of the following financial statuses are you fitting?
22
8.2%
21.4%
21.5%14.0%
26.1%
8.7%
Under 50 EUR 50 - 100 EUR
100 - 150 EUR 150 - 200 EUR
More than 200 EUR Don't know/no answer
Monthly Net Income per
Family Member (EUR)
9.8%
10.7%
30.8%
19.0%
15.5%
9.4%
4.8%
No income Under 100 EUR
100 - 200 EUR 200 - 300 EUR
300 - 500 EUR More than 500 EUR
Don't know/no answer
» Demographics
Personal Monthly Net Income (EUR)
Base: N=1120
D 13. In which of the following categories is your monthly net income fitting? Please think at all of your income sources like your salary/ pension/ dole/ interests/
allocations/ profits coming from different business, dividends, etc.
D 14. Into what of the following groups would you place the average monthly income per member of your family? Please think at all of your family members that
have an income source like salary/ pension/ dole/ interests/ allocations/ profits coming from different business, dividends, etc..
