The Kings, Tarquins and Early Republic

Name five Founding Fathers?

Romulus

• Responsible for beginning Rome’s development

• Established the 100 patres, founding the patrician class and senate

• Made Capitoline Hill an asylum for fugitives w/o women

• Rape of Sabine women happened under him, Roman men raided a Sabine festival and carried off the women, convince women to stay on their own before a war breaks out, two groups merge

Titus Tatius

• Leader of the Sabines lived at same time as Romulus

• Enlarged the city• Started several

religious cults

Numa Pompilius

• Founded religious temples and offices– Vestal Virgins– Pontifus maximus,

chief priest of Rome

• Possibly a Sabine leader as well

Tullus Hostilius

• Established Rome’s Senate house the Curia Hostilia

• Conquered Alba Longa a city founded by Aeneas’ son

• Vicious warrior, word hostile traced back to how he treated people

Ancus Marcius

• Enlarged Rome’s territorial control by capturing Etruscan land to the North

• Captured port of Ostia

Tarquinius Priscus

• Also know as Tarquin the Elder, came to Rome from Etruria, bringing Etruscan customs, culture and builders w/ them

• Built earliest public works, temples on Capitoline hill, a public sewer, fought wars with neighboring cities

• Arrogant made enemies of the royal clans

Servius Tullius

• A slave in the Tarquin household, became king when a Tarquin was murdered

• Remembered as mild and kind, instituted the census and the assembly

• Built a wall around Rome still called the Servian wall

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus• Known as Tarquin the Proud, urged by

wife to assassinate her father Servius, left his body in the street, let his wife drive her chariot over her dead father’s body

• Last king of Rome, driven out by aristocrats for being cruel and arrogant and is son Sextus raping , Lucretia who had been doing the right things and even entertained him as a guest

• Lucretia told her husband and then killed her self to right the matter, led to a rebellion against the Tarquins led by Brutus, who had acted liked an idiot to avoid being killed

• Brutus became one of 1st consuls, killed his own sons for trying to returns the Tarquins to Power

The Republic• The Senate made up of 300 upper

class men called patricians, common citizens called plebeians

• Only patricians could hold office, led by 2 consuls, senate advised consuls who then ruled, consuls had veto power which means I forbid

• Dictators could be appointed in an emergency, most famous Cincinnatus who was plowing his fields left to lead the army and returned to his mule in one day

• Longest rule by a dictator was Sulla who ruled and took the power away from the Senate and Patricians for two yrs

• Last Dictator was Julius Caesar