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The Kingdom Protista. Chapter 20. What is a Protist?. Any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or prokaryote. Are eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms, Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi. Classification of Protists. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What is a Protist?
Any organism that is not a plant, an animal, a fungus, or prokaryote.
Are eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms, Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi
Classification of Protists
Protists are so diverse that many biologists suggest that they should be broken up into several kingdoms.
Unfortunately, biologist do not agree on how to classify the protists.
Classification of ProtistsSection 20-1
are classified by
which includewhichwhich which
Protists
Animallike FunguslikePlantlike
ParasitesTake in food from the environment
Produce food by photosynthesis
Obtain food by external digestion
Decomposers
Animallike Protists: Protozoans 4 phyla of the animallike protists -
Distinguished from one another by their means of movementZooflagellates-move by flagella ex.
Trychonympha(termite), Trypanosoma(Tse Tse Fly)
Sarcodines-move by pseudopods ex. amoebaCiliates-move by cilia ex. parameciumSporozoans-no movement, parasites ex.
plasmodium
Zooflagellates
Animallike protists that swim using a flagella
Most have 1-2 flagella Live in lakes & streams,
where they absorb nutrients from decaying matter
Some live within bodies of other organisms, taking advantage of the food from larger organisms
Can reproduce by asexual and sexual reproduction
Sarcodines
Move via temporary cytoplasmic projections known as pseudopods
Amoebas Surround food and
form a food vacuole
Ciliates
Contain short hairlike projections called cilia
Use cilia for feeding & movement
Found in both fresh & salt water
Ciliates
Anal pore
GulletOral groove
TrichocystsLysosomes
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
MacronucleusCilia
Malaria
One of the world’s most serious infectious disease
2 million people still die from malaria every year Carried by the female Anopheles mosquito
Symptoms & Treatment of Malaria
Severe chills Fever
There are a number of vaccines against malaria but to date most are only partially effective
Controlling mosquitoes is the best method to controlling malaria
African Sleeping Sickness
Zooflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma Spread by the bite of an insect known as the
tsetse fly
Symptoms
Begin to show 1 to 4 weeks after bite Chills Rashes Infect nerve cells: severe damage causes
some individuals to lose consciousness, lapsing into a deep and sometimes fatal sleep
Amebic Dysentery
Common in areas with poor sanitation Severe diarrhea Caused by an organism that looks like the
harmless amoebas Entamoeba, a parasite spread by contaminated
drinking water Attacks the wall of the intestine, causing
extensive bleeding
Amebic Dysentery
Can also occur in the crystal-clear mountain streams
Caused by another flagellated pathogen, Giardia Giardia produces tough, microscopic-size cysts
that can be killed only be boiling water thoroughly or by adding iodine to the water
Causes severe diarrhea and digestive system problems.
Ecology of Animallike Protists
Essential roles in the living worldLive symbiotically with other organismsRecycle nutrients by breaking down dead
organic matterLive in seas and lakes & are a part of the food
chain
Trichonympha
Zooflagellate that lives within the digestive systems of termites
Makes it possible for termites to eat wood Termites do not have an enzyme to
breakdown wood The Trichonympha does it for them
Unicellular Algae-classified by pigments Phylum Euglenophyta
2 flagella but no cell wall Phylum Chrysophyta
Gold-colored chloroplast Phylum Bacillariophyta
Called diatoms Cell walls contain silicon
Phylum Pyrrophyta Called dinoflagellates
Ecology of Unicellular Algae
Make up most of phytoplanktonSmall photosynthetic organisms near
surface of ocean½ of all photosynthesis on Earth is
performed by the algaeSource of nourishment for small fish
Algal Blooms and “Red Tides
Help recycle sewage and fertilizer Grow too much, deplete nutrients, die, rid
water of oxygen, choke out fish life Can produce toxins, eaten by clams and
shellfish, eaten by humans and cause death
Multicellular Algae (mostly)
Phylum RhodophytaRed Algae
Phylum PhaeophytaBrown Algae
Phylum ChlorophytaGreen Algae
Reproduction
Alternation of GenerationsLife cycle includes both haploid and diploid
generationEnables them to survive unfavorable
conditions
Fungus-Like Protists
Like fungi-absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter
Different from fungi-have centrioles and lack chitin cell walls
Funguslike Phyla
Phylum AcrasiomycotaSlime mold
Phylum Myxomycota Acellular slime mold
Phylum OomycotaWater mold (white mold on dead fish)
The Great Potato Famine
Phytophthora infestans (Phylum Oomycete) destroyed 60% of the potatoes in Ireland in 1845
Between 1845 and 1851 at least one million Irish people died of starvation or disease
One million Irish emigrated to the U.S. and other countries