The Kettle Hole House - Sheridan Collegetrantor.sheridanc.on.ca/webct/CADD15298/Files/... · Inspired by the 7-acre lot on which the home sits, The Kettle Hole House was designed

The Kettle Hole House

By Sophie Clapperton Student # 991447859

Architectural Technology

CADD 15298

Professor: Ramiro Nolasco

Nov. 11/ 16.

Executive Summary

Robert Young’s 2008 Kettle Hole House is a redesign of an existing 1982 East Hampton

vacation home. The $248,603.00 design boasts over 307 square meters of livable space, 3

bedrooms, screened in porch, and an open concept kitchen/living/dining area. Designed around the

property’s Kettle Hole Pond, the home features expansive forest and pond views, pulling the exterior

environment into the interior of the home.

The home’s open concept main floor creates a natural flow throughout the home and its

‘winged zoning’ separates loud, public spaces (such as the kitchen and living room), from quiet,

private spaces (such as bedrooms). The kitchen, living and dining rooms are conveniently located

on the main floor, providing easy access the backyard—essential for summer time barbecues and

parties. The open concept main floor is ideal for entertaining and for families with children, as the

connectivity provides unobstructed site lines and easy communication between rooms. The home’s

main floor also features a sprawling main floor master suite, which occupies the home’s entire west

wing. The main floor master is ideal for elderly individuals, who may not be able to manage stairs as

well, as well as offering additional privacy from the two guest rooms on the upper floor.

Inspired by the natural textures and color scheme of the surrounding forest, the home blends

modern architecture with raw materials, resulting in a unique juxtaposition of industrial and natural

design. Its rectilinear form, cantilevered second storey and clean flat roof, define the home’s

international style. While, materials selections, such as oversized glass windows, concrete panels,

and cedar siding, soften the home’s rigidity, and draw reference from traditional wood cabins. The

oversized windows also create a ‘glass house’ effect, creating a view path straight through the home

and onto the forest on the other side. This further blends the home with the surrounding forest, as it

appears as if the home is intermingled with the trees. From the interior, the windows allow for ample

light flow throughout, and reduce dependency on supplemental lighting sources. The double-paned,

argon gas windows also act as an insulating factor, reducing the home’s overall energy consumption

and monthly costs. The simplistic modern design continues from the outside to the home’s interior,

as clean lines remain an integral theme of the home’s interior design. Interior material selections

include polished concrete floors, mid-tone hardwood, grey-slate tile, and accenting cedar-clad walls.

White walls and lofted ceilings create an airiness to the interior, mimicking the openness of the

exterior forest. Durable quartz countertops, high-gloss cabinetry, and sleek, modern furniture round

out the home’s design and create a comfortable environment for everyday living.

Table of Contents

Section 1.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1

Section 2.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Architectural Features and Styles ................................................................................................... 3

Section 3.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Circulation and Zoning ................................................................................................................... 6

Section 4.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Construction Systems and Materials .............................................................................................. 8

Section 5.0 ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 11

Appendix A ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Architectural Drawings ................................................................................................................. 12

Appendix B ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Area Computation and Construction Cost .................................................................................... 22

..................................................................................................................................................... 24

Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 24

Appendix C ..................................................................................................................................... 26 References ................................................................................................................................... 26

CADD 15298, Architectural Drafting 1, The Kettle Hole House, Sophie Clapperton, 51AD2

1

Section 1.0

Introduction

This report will illustrate and analyze the design, construction

and relevant features of Robert Young’s Kettle Hole House. Lead by

chief architect Robert Young, Robert Young Architects is a New York

based architectural firm specializing in residential design. Robert

Young’s mission is to design pragmatic, yet innovative structures,

inspired by the individual site and environment, resulting in a cohesive

and environmentally conscious final product.

Inspired by the 7-acre lot on which the home sits, The Kettle Hole House was designed to

reflect the textures and simplicity of the surrounding landscape. Named after the lot’s kettle pond,

this 2008 East Hampton’s home sits on the footprint of the property’s original structure, situating the

home as close to the water as locally permitted. As part of the

environmental design of the home, existing load bearing walls

were incorporated into the new design, reimagining the function

of the home while salvaging both history and materials. The

Kettle Hole House boasts an interesting amalgamation of

simplistic modern design and creative recycling techniques,

which together result in an architecturally noteworthy structure.

As a design of architectural significance, this report will

deconstruct the finished structure by pre-construction,

construction, and post-construction phases of design. Included

in the pre-construction phase will be the home’s initial graphic

design and architectural drawings. Floor plans, elevations, and

building sections will all be included for reference. As part of the

construction phase, building materials and construction costs

will be deconstructed and evaluated. Finally, in regards to the

post-construction phase, finishing materials, perspective

Image #1: Architect Robert Young

Image #2: Pre-Renovation

Image #3: Post Construction


2

images, and functionality will all be considered. The home’s sustainable design and environmental

features will also be appraised.


3

Section 2.0

Architectural Features and Styles

From first glance, it is apparent that the Kettle

Hole House embodies simplistic modern architecture.

More specifically, the Kettle Hole House exemplifies the

international style of modern architecture. Defined by

simplistic rectilinear forms, open interior spaces, and

cantilevered construction, the international style first

emerged in the 1920’s and 1930’s. Glass and steel

round out the international style, reducing wall area surfaces and allowing for open light flow

throughout the interior. Popularized by the likes of Le Corbusier, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, and Mies

van der Rohe, the international style strips away excess ornamentation and redirects the focus from

the aesthetics to the functionality of a space. This in turn, results in a clean, minimalist design,

prized for its practicality and flexibility, rather than its superficial beauty.

From its exterior, the contemporary design of The Kettle Hole House begins with the

building’s block composition. Several stacked and offset rectangular and cubic blocks give the

building its shape and create a theme of linearism. These blocks are set in such a way that they

create vertical dimension. None of the home’s pieces align in height, adding an interesting

progression of height via a step pattern to the building’s façade. The home’s flat roof further

eventuates this shape by providing clear horizontal lines, which bluntly define the building’s

geometric shape.

Off the north elevation, a multi-storey stair tower with full height windows creates a focal

point when you first approach the home. To the right of this, an upper block overhanging a lower

one, adds depth and variation in the façade, while remaining true to the building’s linearity. This

cantilevered design remains true to the homes international style, and adds architectural

embellishment, without the use of excessive ornamentation.

The linearity of the home continues onto the exterior finishes, as the tri-tone façade creates

L-shaped divisions of material. The home is clad in a combination of horizontal cedar siding and

accenting cement panels, which mimic the natural materials and textures of the forest landscape.

Image #4: North Elevation


4

These finishes further elevate the character of the home,

by adding dimension and scale to the design. Without the

clean combination of materials, the home’s façade would

appear bland and imposing on the natural landscape.

One of the obvious attractions of this home are its

oversized windows. Given the home’s proximity to the

water and dense forest surrounding, floor to ceiling

windows were installed to maximize on the view without

fear of privacy. The windows also enhance the building’s

transparency and reflectivity, allowing the home to

further blend into the natural environment. From the

north and south elevations, opposite windows allow a clear view path through and onto the trees on

the other side. This makes it feel as though the house itself is woven in with the trees or simply not

there at all. Notably, the windows are predominantly left or right aligned, allowing them to wrap

around corners and enhance light flow to the interior. The

south elevation boasts nearly an entire wall of windows,

providing an expansive view of the pond from the kitchen and

living areas. Windows are overhung by projecting cantilevers,

which reduce excessive heat gain to the interior and reduce

glare. The windows may also serve an environmental feature;

as the ample amount of natural light they provide may reduce

dependency on supplementary interior lighting.

The contemporary design of the exterior then flows

from the outside to the interior of the home. Again, clean lines

are a staple of the interior design, and simplicity is key. The natural light from the windows provides

a bright and airy interior environment. A lofted ceiling at the foyer again enhances this feeling and

lets light flow throughout. This creates a spacious and welcoming entrance to the home, transferring

the openness of the exterior forest to the interior of the home. The high ceilings continue through the

home’s centralized living space, which also sits sunken from the main foyer. This design again

creates a feeling of openness, while the sunken room creates a clear definition of space in the

absence of partition walls.

Image #5: View from Master Bedroom

Image #6: Front Hall to Sunken Living Room & Fireplace Feature


5

Other features of the home include a screened in porch overlooking the lake, which allows

the homeowners to enjoy the great outdoors even on rainy days, wrap around windows in the

master bedroom, which provide 180-degree lake views, and tinted floor to ceiling windows in the

master shower. Clean white walls, a linear grey fireplace and accent wood walls finalize the

simplistic interior design and also serve to bridge the exterior finishes


6

Section 3.0

Circulation and Zoning

Property:

The Kettle Hole House is a residential

property, situated within the vacation township

of East Hampton, New York. Regarded as one of

the most impressive and highly sought after

regions in the country, the township of East

Hampton offers the seclusion of sprawling

forested lots, pristine white sand beaches, and

stunning water views, while still only a short

drive to bustling downtown Manhattan.

Interior Zoning:

The open concept design of The Kettle

Hole House allows for a natural flow throughout

the home. Beginning with a centralized entrance,

the home separates into left and right wings. Immediately off of the front entrance, lies a powder

room and laundry room. These two rooms are discretely tucked into the corner of the entrance, as

not to obstruct the open design, but their proximity to the front entrance allows for convenient

everyday use. Moving out of the foyer, the right wing is home to the living/entertaining zones. An

open concept living room, dining room, and kitchen allow for open sightlines and flexible movement

in and out of the spaces. The concentrated living area is conveniently located in such a way that

when you enter the home, you move straight forward and into the living zone. The open concept

then allows for smooth movement, as you do not have to navigate through a series of hallways or

around corners to access the home’s primary rooms. The openness also allows for easy

communication between areas when entertaining or watching young children. The living room is

centred on the house, acting as a sort of buffer between the sleeping and eating zones. The dining

room sits in front of the kitchen area, providing sight lines from the kitchen over the table and

through to the back yard. Had the kitchen and dining areas been reversed, the window opening

Image #7: Aerial View of East Hampton Homes

Image #8: East Hampton Map Location


7

would have to have been reduced to make

room for cabinetry and cupboards. Thus, the

current layout it optimal, as it increases light

flow and adds to the spaciousness of the

home. Off of the kitchen lies an enclosed

porch. The screened in porch acts as an

extension of the dining area, offering more

seating and an outdoor space, which may be

used Spring through Fall. Tucked behind the

porch is a family room. The family room is

separated from the main living area, providing

privacy and a sound barrier when watching

television or working. The family room is also

situated on the north side of the home,

reducing direct light entry and glare. This is an

important design consideration for a media

space. On the opposite wing of the home lies

the master suite. The master occupies the

entire east wing of the home, complete with a

master bath and walk in closet. The master’s location is ideal, as its separation

provides a private and quiet space for sleeping. This is especially valuable

when the master is located on the same level as the kitchen, as this separation

ensures one will not be woken by the clanking of pots and plates in the

morning. Navigating back out to the foyer and up the stairs, you arrive at two

other bedrooms and a shared bathroom. This upper level lies over top of the

kitchen and family room below. This again provides privacy between the

master and guest bedrooms. This layout is ideal for guests or teenagers, but may be difficult for a

family with small children. The shared bath again acts as a sound barrier between the two guest

bedrooms, while keeping in a compact and economical design. As evidenced throughout the house,

the centralized, open-concept design maximizes the home’s usable space and enlarging rooms by

eliminating wasted spaces for hallways. This in turn creates a comfortable flow throughout the

home—both from the interior and exterior—further supporting the home’s simplistic modern design.

Legend:

Public Areas

Private Areas

Service Areas

Figure #1: Main Floor Zoning

Figure #2: Second Floor Zoning


8

Section 4.0

Construction Systems and Materials

The basic skeleton of the Kettle

Hole House is composed of lightweight

timber construction—typical for the home’s

north eastern location. The walls and floors

of the home are wood framed, and likely

built via platform framing methods. The

walls are then finished in conformance with

standard wood-frame practices, including

insulation, house wrap, and vapor retarder.

Given the home’s custom design and unique shape, the structure was likely stick framed on site.

The frame of the home rests on concrete foundation walls, which support the overall load of

the structure. Given that the Kettle Hole House was rebuilt on an existing foundation system, it likely

rests on either concrete block or poured concrete walls, with a poured concrete slab below grade.

Given the temperate climate of New York, concrete is an optimal foundation material, as it offers

maximum stability, easy installation, and prevents water penetration from snow and runoff. The

foundation walls are finished with damp proofing to further prevent water seepage, and should be

lined with weeping tiles and crushed gravel to drain water away from the home. It is also important

to note that the home’s footings lie below the regional frost line. Installing the footings below the frost

line prevents seasonal heaving from expansion and contraction—which could compromise the

home’s structural integrity and damage finishes.

The Kettle Hole House’s design features a flat roof system to compliment the home’s modern

design. The roof is designed with perimeter edges and a sunken interior, capturing rainwater and

snowmelt within the roof area and preventing runoff over the edge. The roof surface is then tapered

towards inner drains, which drain the collected water into a series of pipes located in the roof

assembly and then out and away from the home. The flat roof system is then finished with a

modified bitumen coating to create a waterproof surface and increase reflectivity. While slopes roofs

are generally preferable in regions with high rain or snowfall, a pitched roof would have

Image #9: Front Entrance and Stair Tower Feature


9

compromised the linear design of the Kettle Hole

House. Thus, a flat roof system was installed

instead, but sufficient measures were taken to

ensure the durability and drainage of the roof

assembly.

The north elevation of the home sports a

cantilevered floor assembly. The cantilevered

system is achieved by extending the second-

level floor joists over the exterior wall assembly

and finishes to match the exterior cladding of the

home. The cantilevered assembly remains

identical to the standard floor to exterior wall detail, with the exterior sheathing, insulation, house

wrap, and finish veneer then extending to wrap around the underside of the cantilever. The

cantilever feature adds a unique dimension to the home’s front façade, as the otherwise linear

design may have appeared flat without it. The cantilever further elevates the home’s overall design

and theme, as its’ overhang mimics the shape and shading of the surrounding trees.

The Kettle Hole House’s exterior is finished with a combination of accenting concrete panels

and horizontal cedar siding. The concrete remains un-finished (with the exception of a clear-coat

sealant), while the cedar siding has been stained with a natural-tinted preservative, giving the home

its’ orange-cedar color. The concrete panels are arranged in a stacked blocking, creating vertical

lines to offset the expansive horizontal siding. The combination of horizontal and vertical lines, add

detail, dimension, and scale to the exterior of the home. The exterior is completed by energy

efficient, double-paned, black vinyl windows and doors. The windows and doors further add to the

building envelope, as they feature insulating argon gas, which act as a sound barrier from outside

noise and reduce energy consumption from heating and cooling. Studies have proven that double

paned windows may “reduce energy consumption by up to 24% in cold climates during the winter,

and by up to 18% in hot climates during the summer, when compared to older, single-paned

models”. This in turn results in lower emissions from heating and cooling utilities, as well as monthly

cost savings.

The interior of the home is finished with painted drywall throughout, and accenting cedar

plank walls. The foyer offers a raised black-polished concrete floor, while mid-tone hardwood runs

Image #10: Master Bathroom


10

throughout the kitchen, living and

bedroom areas. The bathrooms are

finished in a grey slate tile and

matching quartz counters. Tying the

interior to the exterior, the living

room fireplace is glad with grey

concrete panels and trimmed by

sleek grey cabinets. An off-white

quartz hearth further defines the

fireplace feature and accentuates

the white walls and ceiling. The kitchen features high-gloss white cabinetry and accenting wood

surfaces, bringing the textures and feel of outside in. Finally, the stair feature is finished with black

steal stringers and mid-tone wood treads, a rippled glass partition, and trimmed by an industrial steel

and wire railing.

Furthermore, the materials, color scheme and textures featured in The Kettle Hole House are

all specific in that together, they accentuate the home’s minimalistic design, while pulling the rugged

exterior environment into the home’s finished design.

Image #11: Open Concept Living/Dining/Kitchen Rooms


11

Section 5.0 Conclusion

Robert Young’s Kettle Hole House offers an interesting amalgamation of simplistic international architecture and rustic, natural elements. The use of raw concrete panels and natural cedar siding connect the rigid rectilinear frame to the lush surrounding forest and pond site. The concrete panels and stained cedar siding mimic the textures and colors of the natural rocks and wood found around the property’s pond, while the rigid linear frame and block design remain true to the modern style.

As evidenced by the home’s layout and finishing materials, the design was greatly influenced by the surrounding environment and lot location. In blending the finishing materials with the natural textures and colors of the surrounding trees, The Kettle Hole house becomes a part of the environment, rather than an imposition on it. The airiness of the exterior and natural flow continue throughout the interior, as the open concept design, vaulted ceilings, and oversized windows offer maximum light flow, and create the illusion of more space. Thus, the interior becomes an extension of the exterior environment.

The Kettle Hole House offers over 300 square meters of livable space, with an approximate construction cost of $248,603.00. While the majority of funds are concentrated in principle rooms, such as the kitchen and bathroom, a sizable portion of the cost is spent on the bedrooms and hallways. Despite the home’s open concept design, the sunken living room creates definitive hallway areas. Thus, these areas become defined walkways, instead of flexible spaces. In deconstructing the home’s construction and design, it is apparent that one area of improvement—and subsequent savings—would be in reducing the size of secondary spaces, such as hallways. Additionally, while the master wing serves as a main feature of the home, its oversized design results in a major economic investment. As a vacation property, the primary features of the home are its exterior and entertaining spaces. Thus, an expansive master retreat may be wasted in such a design. If the home were to be redesigned, reducing the size of the master suite would certainly result in significant cost savings, without compromising the design or function of the home.

Finally, the Kettle Hole House boasts features such as three bedrooms, expansive pond and forest views, and a screened in porch, making it a luxury vacation property. From this report, I gained a better understanding of the influence site location and environment have on the final design of a home. It is important to consider how the final structure will not only look, but react to the natural environment in which it rests. These principles can overflow into the environmental design of the home, when considering details such as passive design and sustainable construction. Through my analysis, I also gained a better understanding of how to prioritize design features and balance construction costs. I also learnt how to critically appraise a home’s design and propose new solutions to solve apparent issues. I hope to one day apply these findings to my own, independent designs, and further expand my understanding of all that composes a beautiful, functional, and sustainable design.


Appendix A Architectural Drawings











22

Appendix B

Area Computation and Construction Cost

Floor Room Name Net Area of Room

Gross Area of Room

Cost ($)/Square Meter

Cost of Room ($)

1 Master Bedroom 27.2 33.03 $ 650.00

$ 21,469.50

Master Closet 5.02 6.6 $ 650.00

$ 4,290.00

Master Bath 12.01 14.99 $ 1,450.00

$ 21,735.50

Living Room 39.97 41.27 $ 850.00

$ 35,079.50

Dining Room 21.45 24.12 $ 650.00

$ 15,678.00

Kitchen 17.02 20.59 $ 1,550.00

$ 31,914.50

Screened in Porch 20.01 23.93 $ 850.00

$ 20,340.50

Family Room 19.61 23.57 $ 850.00

$ 20,034.50

Laundry Room 2.5 4.47 $ 750.00

$ 3,352.50

Powder Room 2.37 3.56 $ 1,450.00

$ 5,162.00

Stair 4.37 6.2 $ 850.00

$ 5,270.00

Exterior Storage Room

1.72 2.34 $ 750.00

$ 1,755.00

Main Hallway 24.17 32.19 $ 550.00

$ 17,704.50

Stairway 2 2.5 3.3 $ 850.00

$ 2,805.00

Front Hall Closet 0.63 1.1 $ 550.00

$ 605.00

Total 200.55 241.26 $ 207,196.00

2 Bed 1 12.73 14.91 $ 650.00

$ 9,691.50

Bath 8.32 10.87 $ 550.00

$ 5,978.50

Hall Closet 0.36 0.65 $ 550.00

$ 357.50

Bed 2 11.2 13.48 $ 650.00

$ 8,762.00

Hallway 17.73 20.57 $ 550.00

$ 11,313.50

Stair 4.37 6.24 $ 850.00

$ 5,304.00

Total 54.71 66.72 $ 41,407.00

Table #1: Area Computation & Construction Cost


23

Floor Net Floor Areas (Sq. M) 1 200.55 2 54.71

Total 255.26

Floor Area Used for Walls (Sq. M) 1 40.71 2 12.01

Total 52.72

Percentage of Usable Space 83%

Total Construction Cost ($) $248603.00

Average Cost Per Square M $807.23

Floor Gross Floor Areas (Sq. M) 1 241.25 2 66.72

Total 307.97

Table #2: Gross Floor Areas Table #3: Net Floor Areas

Table #4: Wall Areas

Table #5: Usable Space

Table #6: Total Cost

Table #4: Wall Areas


24

Analysis

The total cost of construction for

the Kettle Hole House is estimated to be

about $248,603.00. The major

investment areas are as follows: the

bedrooms, bathrooms, living room,

kitchen, and hallway areas.

Unsurprisingly, the greatest expense in

regards to the home’s construction are

the bedrooms. The Kettle Hole House’s

three bedrooms occupy a total of 68.02 square metres of the home’s 307.97 square metre area.

Thus, the bedroom areas occupy approximately 23% of the home gross floor area, and so, account

for a significant portion of the homes’ overall cost. The total cost of construction for the bedrooms is

$32,876.00, 18% of the homes’ overall cost. The second most expensive areas of the home are the

bathrooms. Bathrooms are typically one of the most expensive areas of home construction, as they

require plumbing, additional ventilation, fixtures, and expensive finishes, like tile and stone

countertops. The master bathroom in the Kettle Hole House is especially expensive, as it alone is

approximately 15 square metres—amounting to a total cost of almost $22,000. With costs of

$5162.00 and $5978.50, the second floor bathroom and main floor powder room together, equal

less than half the cost of the extravagant master bathroom. If the homeowners were looking to

reduce the cost of construction, reducing the size of the master bathroom would certainly be an

obvious option. One of the primary features of The Kettle Hole House’s design and function is its’

open-concept living room. The living room serves as the central point of the home, connecting the

sleeping quarters with the eating and dining areas. As a result, the living was designed to be open

and inviting, with floor to ceiling windows overlooking the forest and pond. This however comes at a

price—$35,000 to be exact. While this is a large sum of money, and a significant portion of the

home’s overall cost, the added value the living room brings to the home—both in terms of resale and

everyday enjoyment—are uncompromising and certainly make the monetary investment worthwhile.

Similarly, the $32,000 spent on the kitchen may be seem as well worthwhile, given it’s important in

the home’s overall design and function. Kitchen’s—much like bathrooms—tend to be expensive to

finish, as you encounter the added cost of cabinetry, appliances, tile, and stone countertops. Thus,

Percentage Cost By Area

Bedrooms Bathrooms Living Room

Family Room Dining Room Kitchen

Screened in Porch Laundry Stairs

Hallways & Closets

Figure #3: Percentage Cost


25

the $32,000 price tag is understandable given the use of custom dual-tone cabinetry, chef-grade

appliances, and quartz countertops in the Kettle Hole House’s kitchen. Nevertheless, this money is

put to good use in the kitchen, as it is a central room of the home, visible from many angles, and is

guaranteed to be enjoyed by the homeowners multiple times per day.

One area perhaps where such an investment may not be as rewarding are the home’s

hallways and closets. For such accessory areas, the Kettle Hole House’s closets and hallways

amount to a total cost of about $32,000. This certainly seems excessive considering the same value

is place on the home’s luxury kitchen. Again, if the homeowners were looking to adjust the final cost

of construction for this home, reducing the size of the hallways should certainly be taken into

consideration. Despite the perhaps less-flexible space designated for hallways and closets, overall,

the home does offer about 83% usable space. This in turn, translates to less wasted space, less

money spent on partitions and structural assemblies, and an overall more efficient and economical

use of space.

In summary, The Kettle Hole House offers a total gross floor area of 307.97 square metres,

and net floor area of 255.26 square metres, with an average cost of $807.23 per square foot, and a

total cost of construction of $248,603.00.


26

Appendix C

References

About RYA. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from Robert Young Architects website:

http://www.ryarch.com/About-RYA-1

East Hampton. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from http://easthampton.com/index.html

East Hampton, New York. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from The Travel Channel website:

http://www.travelchannel.com/interests/beaches/articles/east-hampton-new-york

INTERNATIONAL. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from Architecture Styles website:

https://architecturestyles.org/international/

International Style of Modern Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from Encyclopedia

of Art and Design website: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/architecture/international-

style.htm

KETTLE HOLE HOUSE. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from Robert Young Architects

website: http://www.ryarch.com/Kettle-Hole-House-4

Kettle Hole House / Robert Young. (2013, January 30). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from

ArchDaily website: http://www.archdaily.com/325985/kettle-hole-house-robert-young

Pros, Cons, and Costs: Double-Paned Windows. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from

HomeAdvisor website: http://www.homeadvisor.com/r/advantages-of-double-pane-

windows/#.WEHXKTth3Vo

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The Kettle Hole House - Sheridan Collegetrantor.sheridanc.on.ca/webct/CADD15298/Files/... · Inspired by the 7-acre lot on which the home sits, The Kettle Hole House was designed