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Election of 1960
• First televised debates • Slim victory for Kennedy
Candidate Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
% Electoral Vote
% Popular Vote
John F. Kennedy
(Democrat)
303 34,227,096 56.4 49.7
Richard M. Nixon
(Republican)
219 34,107,646 40.8 49.6
Kennedy’s Foreign Policy
• “flexible response”: gave increased funding to conventional armed forces
• Peace Corps: organization to help underdeveloped countries and provided education and health services
• Alliance for Progress: Improved ties with Latin America
Bay of Pigs Invasion
• April 17-19, 1961• Planned by Eisenhower administration• CIA recruited and trained Cuban exiles to attack Cuban
government• Failed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba
• Khrushchev wanted West Berlin in Soviet Union’s control but Kennedy refused
• Led to construction of Berlin Wall
The Berlin Crisis
• September 1962• U.S. intelligence realized Soviets
were building nuclear missile sites in Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Kennedy approved a naval blockade of Cuba• Leaders eventually reached a diplomatic
negotiation after six days
Cuban Missile Crisis
• “hot line”: telephone system between Moscow and Washington
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: ended above ground nuclear tests
Effects of Cuban Missile Crisis
Discussion Points
• 1. According to these documents, what deal did the US strike with the USSR?
• 2. Why was this deal kept secret?• 3. Who seems to be more scared or on the
defensive in these documents?• 4. What does this event show you about how
people felt during the Cold War?
• “New Frontier”• Very ambitious• Increased minimum
wage to $1.25/hour• Set up the
President’s Commission on the Status of Women– Equal Pay Act to
reduce wage gap between men and women
Kennedy’s Domestic Policy
Kennedy’s Domestic Policy
• To help economy, Kennedy gave tax credits to encourage business investment
• Increased military spending• Advocated Keynesian economics, or deficit
spending, to boost economy• Tax cuts for middle class Americans • Increased taxes on wealthier citizens
Kennedy and Civil Rights
• Approached Civil Rights timidly
• Introduced Civil Rights Bill in 1963– Prosecuted voting
rights violations– Gave federal funds
to schools integrating
• Sent federal marshals to Ole Miss
Space Program
• US behind in the “space race” with Soviet Union
• Wanted a man on the moon by 1970
• Funded space program- NASA
• Neil Armstrong lands on moon in 1969
Kennedy’s Assassination
• Visited Texas to boost support for re-election
• Fatally shot while riding through Dallas, TX on November 22, 1963