The Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation: Science Workshop

2006 John Le Marshall

Director, JCSDA

Overview

• Welcome

• The Challenge

• Progress, Major Accomplishments

• Plans/Future Prospects

• Summary

The ChallengeSatellite Systems/Global Measurements

Aqua

Terra

TRMM

SORCE

SeaWiFS

Aura

Meteor/SAGE

GRACE

ICESat

Cloudsat

Jason

CALIPSO

GIFTS

TOPEX

Landsat

NOAA/POES

GOES-R

WindSAT

NPP

COSMIC/GPS

SSMIS

NPOESS

4

Priority

Platform Instrument Status UV

Vis

ible

IR Mic

row

ave

Tem

per

atu

re

Hu

mid

ity

Clo

ud

Pre

cip

itat

ion

Win

d

Ozo

ne

Lan

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urf

ace

Oce

an

Su

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Aer

osol

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Ear

th

Rad

iati

on

Bu

dge

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NOAA NAVY NASA

AIR FORCE

NAVY NON -ASSIM

DMSP F-13 CurrentSSM/I * v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1SSM/T v 3 3 3 3 2

SSM/T-2 v v 3 3 3 3 2F-14 Current

SSM/I * v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1SSM/T v 3 3 3 3 2

SSM/T-2 v v 3 3 3 3 2F-15 Current

SSM/I * v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1SSM/T v 3 3 3 3 2

SSM/T-2 v v 3 3 3 3 2F-16 Current

SSM/T v 3 3 3 3 2SSM/T-2 v v 3 3 3 3 2SSMI/S 2 1 2 1 1

OLS v v v 3 2 3 2NOAA-14 Current

MSU* v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1HIRS/2 * v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1AVHRR * v v v v v 1 1 2SBUV/2 * v 1 1 1 1 2

SEMDCS

SARSATNOAA-15 CurrentAMSU-A * v v v v v v 1 1 1 2 1AMSU-B * v v 1 1 1 1 1HIRS/3 * v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

AVHRR/3 * v v v v v 1 1 2SEM/2DCS

SARSATNOAA-16 CurrentAMSU-A * v v v v v v 1 1 1 2 1AMSU-B * v v 1 1 1 1 1HIRS/3 * v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

AVHRR/3 * v v v v v 1 1 2SBUV/2 * v 1 1 1 1 2

SEM/2DCS

SARSATNOAA-17 CurrentAMSU-A * v v v v v v 1 1 1 2 1AMSU-B * v v 1 1 1 1 1HIRS/3 * v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

AVHRR /3* v v v v v 1 1 2SBUV/2 * v 1 1 1 1 2

SEM/2DCS

SARSATNOAA-18 CurrentAMSU-A * v v v v v v 1 1 1 2 1AVHRR * v v v v v 1 1 2SBUV * v 1 1 1 1 2HIRS/4 * v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

MHS v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

Satellite Instruments and Their Characteristics / Feburary 16, 2006Wavelength Primary Information Content

POES

5

Imager * 1 1 1 1 1Sounder * v v v v v v 3 1 3 1 2

GFO Altimeter* Current v v 1 1 1 1 1MTSAT Imager * Current v v v v v v v 1 1 3 1 1

Terra MODIS* Current v v v v v v v v 2 1 2 1 1TMI* Current v v v v v v 2 2 2 2 1VIRS v v v 3 2 3 2 2

PR v 3 2 3 2 1CERES v 3 3 3 3 3

QuikSCAT Scatterometer * Current v v 1 1 1 1 1TOPEX Altimeter * Current TPW v v 1 1 1 1 1

JASON-1 Altimeter Current TPW v v 1 1 1 1 1AMSR-E Current v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1AMSU* v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

HSB v v v 3 3 2AIRS* v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

MODIS* v v v v v v v v 2 1 1 1 1Envisat Altimeter* Current v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

MWR v v 2 1 2 1 1MIPAS v v 2 2 2 2 2AATSR v 2 1 2 1 2MERIS v v v v 2 2 2 2 1

SCIAMACHY v v v v 3 3 3 3 3GOMOS v 2 1 2 1 2

Windsat Polarimetric radiometer

Current SST TPW v v v v2 1 2 1 1

Aura OMI Current v 1 1 1 1 2MLS v 2 2 2 2 2

INSAT-3D Imager 2007 v v v v v v v

Sounder v v v v v v

FY-1 Current v v v v v v v

FY- 2 Current v v v v v vCHAMP GPS Current v v 1 2 1 2 1COSMIC GPS Current v v 1 2 1 2 1

IASI 2006 v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1ASCAT v v v 1 1 1 1 1GRAS v v 1 2 1 2 3HIRS v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

AMSU v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1MHS v v 1 1 1 1 1

GOME-2 v 1 1 1 1 2AVHRR SST v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1VIIRS 2009 SST v v v v 1 1 1 1 1CRIS v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1OMPS 1 1 1 1 1ATMS v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

EO-3/IGL GIFTS 2009 v v v v v v v v 1 2 2 2 1SMOS MIRAS 2007 v v 1 2 1 2 1

VIIRS 2010 SST TPW v Polar

v v v1 1 1 1 1

CRIS v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1ATMS v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1CMIS v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

GPSOS v v 1 2 1 2 2APS v 2 1 1 1 2

ERBS v 3 3 3 3 3Altimeter v v 1 1 1 1 1

OMPS v 1 1 1 1 1ADM Doppler lidar 2009 v 1 1 1 1 1GPM GMI 2010 v v v 2 2 2 2 1

DPR v 2 2 2 2 1ABI 2012 v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1HES v v v v v v v 1 1 1 1 1

NPP

GOES R

GOES

NPOESS

METOP

Polar

Current

TRMM

AQUA

6

KEY

Testing/Monitoring (Priority 1)

Not used / Monitoring (Other)

Operations Near Future

Future (Priority 1-3)

Instrument Failure

Current Operations ( *= Assimilated in NWP

Satellite Data used in NWP

• HIRS sounder radiances• AMSU-A sounder radiances• AMSU-B sounder radiances• GOES sounder radiances• GOES, Meteosat, GMS

winds• GOES precipitation rate• SSM/I precipitation rates• TRMM precipitation rates• SSM/I ocean surface wind

speeds• ERS-2 ocean surface wind

vectors

• Quikscat ocean surface wind vectors

• AVHRR SST• AVHRR vegetation fraction• AVHRR surface type• Multi-satellite snow cover• Multi-satellite sea ice• SBUV/2 ozone profile and

total ozone• Altimeter sea level

observations (ocean data assimilation)

• AIRS• MODIS Winds• …

~35 instruments

9

Sounding data used operationally within the GMAO/NCEP Global Forecast System

AIRS

HIRS sounder radiances

AMSU-A sounder radiances

MSUAMSU-B sounder radiances

GOES sounder radiances

SBUV/2 ozone profile and total ozone

On

14 - on15 - off16 - off17 - on

15 - on16 - on17 - off18 - onAQUA14 - on15 - on16 - on17 - on

10 - on12 - on

16 - on17 - on

CURRENT SATELLITE DATA – STATUSACTIVITIES INCLUDE

AIRS v2. Tested – moving to GSI

SSM/I Radiances Testing with GSI, prod. now used

COSMIC/CHAMP Assimilation tests underway

SSMIS Quality Control and Data Selection being Finalized

MODIS Winds v2. (using EE) Test and Development

WINDSAT Wind Vector Assimilation - Active

AMSR/E – Radiance Assimilation Assimilation Active

AIRS/MODIS Sounding Channels Assim. Data in Preparation

GOES – SW Winds To be Tested

GOES Hourly Winds To be Tested

GOES 11 and 12 Clear Sky Rad. Assim(6.7µm) To be Tested

MTSAT 1R Wind Assim. Test and development

AURA OMI Assimilation active

TOPEX,JASON1,ERS-2 ENVISAT ALTIMETER Test and Development, Ops 06 GODAS

FY – 2C Data in Preparation

~ 9 new instruments

11

S. Hemisphere 500 hPa AC Z 20S - 80S Waves 1-20

1 Jan - 15 Feb '04

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Forecast [day]

An

om

aly

Co

rrela

tio

n '

GSI_Control GSI + AIRS

AIRS – v1, v2, …

12

N. Hemisphere 500 mb AC Z 60N - 90N Waves 1-20

1 Jan - 15 Feb '04

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Forecast [day]

An

om

aly

Co

rrela

tio

n '

Ops Ops+MODIS

MODIS v1, v2, …

13

S. Hemisphere 500 hPa AC Z 20S - 80S Waves 1-20 1 Jan - 15 Feb '04

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Forecast [day]

An

om

aly

Co

rrel

atio

n

Control Wind & Q

Windsat – Impact on operations

Impact Study of AMSR-E radiance data in GSI

Assimilation experiments• Period

2-week cycling (Dec. 06, 2005 - Dec. 19, 2005)

• System

Analysis: GSI ( Mar. 2006 release version)

+ New MW Ocean emissivity model

Forecast: operational forecast model

Resolution: T382L64

• Data set

Cntl: same as operational

Test: Cntl + AMSR-E radiance data

Positive impacts were found in the forecast.

Anomaly Correlation

15

Aura/OMI Total Ozone

• Aura satellite launched in July 2004.

• NASA began providing OMI Total Ozone data to NOAA in NRT February 2006

• OMI provides 1000x more obs than operationally assimilated SBUV/2.

~90,000 OMI obs/orbit vs. ~90 SBUV/2 obs/orbit

• OMI profile to become available soon.

same quality and vertical resolution as SBUV/2 but 1000x the number of profiles

• JCSDA is assimilating Aura/OMI total ozone into the NCEP GFS in test mode .

• Aura/HIRDLS profiles will be available for assimilation tests soon.

Profile is higher quality and higher resolution than SBUV/2

“COSMIC” Preliminary ResultsLydia Cucurull (UCAR), John Derber,Russ Treadon…..

• Research CHAMP observations Delivered daily (time delayed) Formatted to look like COSMIC obs Processed as part of NCEP operations

• Preliminary impact study 2 months Low resolution (T62, 200 km) system Two assimilation methods

Bending angle Refractivity

• Encouraging results Improved 200 hPa Temperature Other verifications mixed Requires further, ongoing

investigation

200 hPa Temperature

Waves 1-3 Waves 4-9

AC

RMS error

Bias

Refr.

Bnd Ang.

GOES – R OSSE

5 Day AC SH 1000HPa2-27Jan. 2004

0.73

0.735

0.74

0.745

0.75

0.755

ALL(251ch.) Short(115ch.) Control

Channels (All(251 AIRS ch.), Shortwave(115 AIRS ch.), Control(none)

AC

ALL(251ch.)

Short(115ch.)

Control

Test of channel frequency selection for HESUsing AIRS hyperspectral radiances

JCSDA Road Map (2002 - 2010)

Improved JCSDA data assimilation science

2002 2004

2007 2008 2009 2005

OK

Required

2003

Advanced JCSDA community-based radiative transfer model,Advanced data thinning techniques

Sci

ence

Ad

van

ce

By 2010, a numerical weather prediction community will be empowered to effectively assimilate increasing amounts of

advanced satellite observations

2010

AMSU, HIRS, SSM/I, Quikscat,

AVHRR, TMI, GOES assimilated

AIRS,MODIS,ATMS, CrIS, VIIRS, IASI, SSM/IS, AMSR, WINDSAT, GPS ,more products assimilated

Pre-JCSDA data assimilation science

Radiative transfer model, OPTRAN, ocean microwave emissivity, microwave land emissivity model, and GFS data assimilation system were developed

The radiances of satellite sounding channels were assimilated into EMC global model under only clear atmospheric conditions. Some satellite surface products (SST, GVI and snow cover, wind) were used in EMC models

A beta version of JCSDA community-based radiative transfer model (CRTM) transfer model will be developed, including non-raining clouds, snow and sea ice surface conditions

The radiances from advanced sounders will be used. Cloudy radiances will be tested under rain-free atmospheres, more products (ozone, wv AMVs)

NPOESS sensors ( CMIS, ATMS…) GIFTS, GOES-R

The CRTM include cloud, precipitation, scattering

The radiances can be assimilated under all conditions with the state-of-the science NWP models

Resources:

3D VAR -----------------------------------------------------4D VAR

2006

JCSDA SCIENCE PRIORITIES

• Science Priority I - Improve Radiative Transfer Models

- Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modeling – The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM)

- Surface Emissivity Modeling

• Science Priority II - Prepare for Advanced Operational Instruments

• Science Priority III -Assimilating Observations of Clouds and Precipitation - Assimilation of Precipitation - Direct Assimilation of Radiances in Cloudy and Precipitation Conditions

• Science Priority IV - Assimilation of Land Surface Observations from Satellites • Science Priority V - Assimilation of Satellite Oceanic Observations

• Science Priority VI – Assimilation for air quality forecastsStrat. Plan/JTOPS

Major Accomplishments• Common assimilation infrastructure at NOAA and NASA • Community radiative transfer model• Common NOAA/NASA land data assimilation system• Interfaces between JCSDA models and external researchers• Snow/sea ice emissivity model – permits 300% increase in sounding data usage

over high latitudes – improved polar forecasts• MODIS winds, polar regions, - improved forecasts - Implemented• AIRS radiances assimilated – improved forecasts - Implemented• Improved physically based SST analysis - Implemented• Preparation for advanced satellite data such as METOP (IASI,AMSU,MHS…),

COSMIC GPS, NPP (CrIS, ATMS….), NPOESS, GOES-R data underway.• Advanced satellite data systems such as DMSP (SSMIS), CHAMP GPS, Windsat

being tested for implementation.• Impact studies of POES AMSU, HIRS, EOS AIRS/MODIS, DMSP SSMIS,

Windsat, CHAMP GPS on NWP through EMC parallel experiments active• Data denial experiments completed for major data base components in support of

system optimisation • OSSE studies completed • Strategic plans of all Partners include 4D-VAR

Summary:Over the past three years the JCSDA has been developing a balanced program to support operational data assimilation in NASA, NOAA and the DoD.

Emphasis on the science priority areas has facilitated this balance.

The current and future satellite programs have been examined to develop a strategy to prepare for efficient implementation of satellite data as it becomes available. This has already resulted in considerably improved data usage.

Summary:

A most important activity for the Center is planning in relation to the form of the next generation assimilation systems to be used by the partners.. Current strategic planning involves the use of the 4D variational approach.