The JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements …...Studies Sao Paulo Center for Nuclear Astrophysics Shanghai University Monash Center for Astrophysics EMMI UKAKUREN, Japan Oslo

The JINA Center for the Evolution of the ElementsOverview, Status, Plans

Hendrik Schatz, MSU

- A NSF Physics Frontiers Center- An interdisciplinary and multi-

institutional research center- A center for the field of nuclear

astrophysics

JINA-CEENSF Physics Frontiers Center

Institute for AdvancedStudies Sao Paulo

Center for Nuclear AstrophysicsShanghai University

Monash Center for Astrophysics

EMMI

UKAKUREN, Japan

Oslo

ChTEC EU Cost Action

NAOJ, Japan

JINA-CEE is a Multi-Institutional and Interdisciplinary Center for the Field

• JINA-CEE connects astronomy groups, large facilities, ARUNA laboratories, National Laboratories and nuclear theory

• JINA-CEE is growing and evolving (Recent additions: Rutgers, Amsterdam, Hull, Oslo, ChETEC, NAOJ)

Hull

Amsterdam

Core Institutions: MSUNotre Dame, ASU, UW

28 Institutions+ Individual Members


Nuclear Astrophysics is Enabled by Close Connections Across Subfields and Diverse Capabilities

Accelerator Facilities: Stable beam, Radioactive BeamUnderground

High Performance Computing

Telescopes(optical, UV, X-ray, GW)

LIGOGravitational Waves

Nuclear Theory

Questions Addressed: • What is the origin of the elements? • What is the nature of dense matter?

Connections created within JINA-CEEand across the entire fieldAstrophysics


JINA-CEE has Broad Impact on the Entire Field of Nuclear Astrophysics

JINA gives the field a voice

• JINA Detroit Town Meeting 2012• Follow up at APS Town Meeting

2014 as part of LRPà Unique perspective of nuclear

and astrophysics communitiesà White Paper: arXiv:1603.02213

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 94 (2017) 1

JINA-CEE: a continuous attractor and focal point for the field that fosters a unique interdisciplinary community• Open collaboration that is growing • Broad community participation in workshops and visitor programsà Rapid exchange of ideas and data across field boundariesà New directions

Many other ASTRO2020 White PapersBy JINA-CEE members

ASTRO2020JINA-CEE co-organized workshop


Broad Impact Through Workshops and Schools

• Many JINA-CEE workshops and schools are unique in cutting across fields and fostering communication

• cooperation with TALENT, CNA, Navi, Munich, TRIUMF to leverage funding

• April 29, “i-process workshop”, Canada• May 15, “First Frontiers Summer School”, MSU• May 20, “Frontiers in Nucl. Astrophysics”, MSU• June 24, X-ray bursts: “Bursting the Bubble”,

Netherlands• July 1, “… r-process in the multi-messenger

era”, Italy• August 12, MICRA, (Computational Relativistic

Astrophysics) Germany• September 9 CEMP Stars as Probes of First-

Star Nucleosynthesis …. Switzerland• September 20 Weak Interactions, Hong Kong• September 22 p-process, Italy

Planned Workshops:• Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics, ND• R-process Alliance, MIT• Broadening the Impact of JINA-CEE’s

Chemical Evolution … Modeling, MIT• Lithium in the Universe, Rome, Italy• R-Matrix, Ohio University or LLNL• Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes,

Budapest (with ChETEC)• Statistical Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics

and Applications (Ohio U)


JINA-CEE Schools and Workshops are a Resource for

All Young Scientists in Nuclear Astrophysics

• Unique project based, cooperative learning

• Interdisciplinary and international

• Emphasize community building among participants

• Create educational resources

• Coming Soon: MESA Nuclear Astrophysics School

Ion Optics School, MSU/ND

Network School, Germany

Nucl. Astr. School, China

Annual Frontiers in Nucl. Astro.With Junior WorkshopFrontiers Summer School

1st Frontiers Summer School• Proposed and organized by postdocs

and students

• Chair: Matt Caplan McGill/IU

• Innovative approaches

• Lectures by experienced postdocs

à Indicates formation of a community

Annual Frontiers Meeting• Organized by Students and Postdocs

• Chair 2019: Stephanie Lyons

• Preceded by junior workshop with

introductions, professional development

• Science highlights – many presentations by young scientists

• Diversity topics, participant driven agenda


JINA-CEE Triggered Developments Have Broad Impact and are Available to the Community [1]

CASPAR @Homestake (ND, CSM, SDSM)First US Nuclear Astrophysics Underground Accelerator

Under construction

In use

St George Separator @ISNAP (ND, Naples)Recoil separator for stable beam reactions

HABANERO @NSCL (MSU, ND, OhioU)Neutron Detector for (a,n)Joint development, rapid response to new astrophysics

SECAR Separator/JENSA Gas Target@FRIB/NSCL (ANL, CSM, LSU, MSU, ND, ORNL, Rutgers)

Enables FRIB to measure reaction rates

In Use Commissioning

Under construction


New JINA Stellar Abundance Database(Abohalima & Frebel 2018)

Weak rate library completed(Sullivan, Zegers, et al.)

Reaclib database for nuclear reaction rates(Cyburt et al. 2018)

NuGRID (NuGRID collaboration, UVic, MSU)WENDI yield interfaceGCE Modules SYGMA, OMEGA, GAMMA,STELLAB

AZURER-matrix code

MESA contributions, MESA-web (Timmes)

JINA-CEE Triggered Developments Have Broad Impact and are Available to the Community [2]

AZURE Team at IAEA


JINA-CEE Website Provides Scientific, Professional, and Educational Resources

9

Jinaweb.org


Connects the Community Internationally

MOCA Monash(A. Heger, D. Galloway, J. Lattanzio, M. Lugaro)

EMMI, GSI (Dense Matter)

Center for NuclearAstrophysicsShanghai University

Canada Associations:- TRIUMF, Vancouver- McGill University- University of Victoria

Institute for Advanced StudiesSao Paulo

D. PageMexico

Associated CenterAssociated InstitutionAdvisory/Design

UKAKUREN, Japan

Amsterdam(X-ray Observations)

Hull(Chemical Evolution)

Heidelberg CRC(Astronomy)

NAOJCHeTEC

NuGRID(Computation)

NINS proposalfor visitor programwith JINA-CEE approved

New Network to Network Cooperation


Science Example: JINA-CEE Has Been at the Forefront of a Paradigm Shift in Nucleosynthesis

[La/

Eu]

r-process

s-process

Observed Element Ratios from Stellar Spectroscopy(JINABase graph) F. Herwig (preliminary)

Lots of evidence for abreakdown of the simple textbook pictureof heavy element synthesisvia s- and r-processà Continuum of n-capture

processesà Nuclear physics

integrated: Large error bars

[Ba/La]

i-process

Weak r-process

Model

s-process

r-process

Log

neut

ron

dens

ity

1s nuclear errorfrom HF n-capture rates


Broad Impact on Nuclear Physics Needs

i-process

Weakr-process

s-process

r-process

Log

neut

ron

dens

ity

Stars: C-O Shell Mergers(Ritter et al. 2018)

Stars: H-Ingestion(Herwig et al. 2015, Clarkson et al. 2018, Banerjee et al. 2019

Rapidly AccretingWhite Dwarfs(Denissenkov et al. 2018)

n-driven Windsin Supernovae(Bliss et al. 2017)

(a,n) reactions beyond Fe

n-capture on unstable nuclei

Neutron source reactions

New astrophysical developments New nuclear developments?HABANERO and SECAR programat NSCL/ReA3(Meisel, Montes, Pereira et al.)

CASPAR UndergroundAccelerator

b-Oslo programat NSCL,TRIUMF, ANL(Liddick, Spyrou, Larsen et al.)

Surrogate reactions(e.g. Ratkiewicz et al. 2019)


Neutron Star Merger Advances Triggered by GW170817 Reveal Complex r-Process Picture

+n-driven windsfrom neutron star

• Four different r-process sites!• FRIB will tell us what elements these produce

for a given model• Close connection to astronomy will be essential

e.g. for sensitivity studies• Will need to rapidly evolve with model progress• Will need to adapt to specific questions

Mumpower, Surman, McLaughlin, Aprahamian

FRIB400


Indications for Multiple Main r-Proccess SitesBeyond Neutron Star Mergers

GCE Study: Cote et al. 2018: à Observed NS-NS merger rate and ejecta mass

constraints compatible with main r-process siteà BUT: within uncertainties a small contribution

is also possibleà Siegel Barnes and Metzger 2018: If NS-NS mergers

produce r-process THEN collapsars ought to be the dominant r-process site as similar conditions

Recent Additional GCE Study: Cote et al. 2018: (similar conclusions by Haynes and Kobayashi 2018)à Conflict with observations for NS merger

delay time distributions that are compatible with - short GRB rate in early type Galaxies and - observation of GW170817 in early type Galaxy- delay times estimated for known systems etc

à Requires an additional main r-process site

C-O-Shell Mergers

In Stars

Binary Stellar Yields

Winds in Supernovae

• np-process

• Weak r-process

Hydrogen ingestion:

i-process

Dynamical ejecta

Wind ejecta

Disk ejecta

Novae

Collapsars?

NS Mergers

à Conclusion from JINA-CEE: Much more Complex Picture

à Dynamic, Non-Spherical Sites & Dense Matter are Key

à Need to address nucleosynthesis in the context of

all processes – cannot look at these in isolationGood News: First glimpse at more complete theory

Rapidly AccretingWhite Dwarfs

Strong Dense Matter Connection

Accreting Neutron Stars

The Future Frontier:

JINA Center for Dynamic Nucleosynthesis

s-process

s-processp-process

The Future is Bright: A Unique Opportunity with Game Changing New Capabilities Across Fields

Multi-Messenger Observations Multi-Laboratory Experiments

FRIB, ANL – Rare Isotopes

FRIB – SECARUnstable beams

ARUNA – new equipmentStable Beams

CASPAR/DIANAUnderground

CHILI- GrainAnalysis

LIGO/VIRGO– Grav Waves

LSST – Time Domain

NICER, NuSTAR, IXPEX-rays

Theory and Computational Advances

JINA-CDN Goals: • Connect to new communities – especially

connect nuclear and gravitational wave communities

• Synergistically combine advances in multiple sub-fields and drive future programs and developments

• Achieve a reasonably complete theory of nucleosynthesis?

TESS, PLATO Asteroseismology

DESI, WEAVE, 4MOST

- Large Scale Surveys

GAIA– Astrometry

Blue WatersStampede 2…Computing

Nuclear Theorywith ErrorsMulti-D

Nucleo-synthesis


JINA Status• JINA had a strong impact on the

field• JINA is constantly adapting to

new developments and directions and will play a critical role in the FRIB-LIGO era

• Current funding period ends 08/2020

• Pre-proposal for continuation as NSF Physics Frontiers Center submitted

• A resolution from the LE community that acknowledges the importance of JINA for the field would be helpful

F. Timmes

Documents

The JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements …...Studies Sao Paulo Center for Nuclear Astrophysics Shanghai University Monash Center for Astrophysics EMMI UKAKUREN, Japan Oslo