The The Jefferson/Jackson Jefferson/Jackson

EraEra

1800-18401800-1840

V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"

A. CausesA. Causes

1. Freedom of the Seas & Impressment-Britain and 1. Freedom of the Seas & Impressment-Britain and France were at war. American trading ships France were at war. American trading ships

and and sailors were caught in the middle.sailors were caught in the middle.

2. Embargo Act, 1807-Jefferson cut off trade 2. Embargo Act, 1807-Jefferson cut off trade with with both both sides. Very unpopular. sides. Very unpopular.

V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"

B. James Madison becomes President-1808B. James Madison becomes President-1808

-Trouble with the Indians- Tecumsah organized -Trouble with the Indians- Tecumsah organized Indians to defend their lands. This, along with the Indians to defend their lands. This, along with the ongoing trading problems led to a large group of war ongoing trading problems led to a large group of war supporters called War Hawks.supporters called War Hawks.

-Madison declares war on the British.-Madison declares war on the British.

V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"C. Actions-Americans invaded Canada, the British attacked C. Actions-Americans invaded Canada, the British attacked

and burned Washington, D.C.and burned Washington, D.C.

Andrew Jackson became a war hero at the Battle of New Andrew Jackson became a war hero at the Battle of New Orleans and defeated large numbers of Indians in the Orleans and defeated large numbers of Indians in the South, leading to expansion.South, leading to expansion.

D. Results-Treaty of Ghent-simple cease fire.D. Results-Treaty of Ghent-simple cease fire.

Side result:-Adams-Onis Treaty-1819-Side result:-Adams-Onis Treaty-1819-

Spain gives Florida to the U.S.Spain gives Florida to the U.S.

VI. James Monroe 1816-1824VI. James Monroe 1816-1824“The Era of Good Feelings"“The Era of Good Feelings"

*After the War of 1812, Americans *After the War of 1812, Americans finally became more nationalist.finally became more nationalist.

A. Postwar changes:A. Postwar changes:

1. The American System-All parts of the nation 1. The American System-All parts of the nation working together. Henry Clay proposes this:working together. Henry Clay proposes this:

Protective tariffs, transportation improvements, Protective tariffs, transportation improvements, and and National Bank.National Bank.

2. Supreme Court decisions give court more power.2. Supreme Court decisions give court more power.

VI. James Monroe 1816-1824VI. James Monroe 1816-1824“The Era of Good Feelings"“The Era of Good Feelings"

B. Monroe Doctrine-1823B. Monroe Doctrine-1823

James Monroe established 2 foreign policy ideals in James Monroe established 2 foreign policy ideals in this speech:this speech:

1. Non-intervention-U.S. would not interfere in 1. Non-intervention-U.S. would not interfere in European affairs if European powers did not European affairs if European powers did not interfere in the Western Hemisphere.interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

2. Non-colonization-Western Hemisphere was closed 2. Non-colonization-Western Hemisphere was closed to any further colonization from European to any further colonization from European nations.nations.

VII. New Party System-John Quincy VII. New Party System-John Quincy AdamsAdams

-Federalists had died out -Federalists had died out

because of their lack of because of their lack of

support for the War of 1812. support for the War of 1812.

They seemed disloyal.They seemed disloyal.

-No political candidates wanted to be associated with -No political candidates wanted to be associated with the name Federalist.the name Federalist.

VII. New Party System-John Quincy VII. New Party System-John Quincy AdamsAdams

A. **Election of 1824**A. **Election of 1824**Candidates: John Quincy Adams Candidates: John Quincy Adams

William Crawford William Crawford Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Henry ClayHenry Clay

All Republicans!All Republicans!

VII. New Party System-John Quincy VII. New Party System-John Quincy AdamsAdams

Results: Results: Jackson won more electoral votes but no one Jackson won more electoral votes but no one won a majority. Clay gave his support to won a majority. Clay gave his support to Adams, causing him to win. Clay then became Adams, causing him to win. Clay then became his Secretary of State. his Secretary of State.

Jackson called this a "corrupt bargain" Jackson called this a "corrupt bargain" and vowed revenge.and vowed revenge.

-Adams presidency was unpopular because he -Adams presidency was unpopular because he tried to expand the government's powers.tried to expand the government's powers.

VIII. Andrew Jackson's PresidencyVIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

A. Election of 1828A. Election of 1828

-Jackson wins easily after forming-Jackson wins easily after forming

the new Democratic Party. the new Democratic Party.

- Jackson identified with the poor, western farmers, - Jackson identified with the poor, western farmers, and and frontiersmen.frontiersmen.

-Jackson fired people in the government that opposed -Jackson fired people in the government that opposed him & him & replaced them with supporters. replaced them with supporters.

(spoils system)(spoils system)

-He used his new power to veto and get revenge on his -He used his new power to veto and get revenge on his enemies.enemies.

VIII. Andrew Jackson's PresidencyVIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

B. Indian Removal Act of 1830B. Indian Removal Act of 1830

-Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west of the -Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west of the Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

-Many Indians resisted and were removed by force.-Many Indians resisted and were removed by force.

-"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to -"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to Oklahoma, losing 25% of their populationOklahoma, losing 25% of their population

VIII. Andrew Jackson's PresidencyVIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency C. Nullification & the National Bank-"The Monster"-C. Nullification & the National Bank-"The Monster"-

Jackson believed in the supremacy of the federal governmentJackson believed in the supremacy of the federal government

1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the 1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over unfair tariffs that favored northern Union over unfair tariffs that favored northern

merchants but hurt southern plantersmerchants but hurt southern planters

2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with force.2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with force.

3. Jackson disliked the national bank because it 3. Jackson disliked the national bank because it represented eastern wealth and aristocracy.represented eastern wealth and aristocracy.

He said it made"the rich richer & the poor He said it made"the rich richer & the poor poorer."poorer."

VIII. Andrew Jackson's PresidencyVIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency

4. After the 1832 election, Jackson4. After the 1832 election, Jackson

let the Bank's charter expire and let the Bank's charter expire and

the deposits were transferred to the deposits were transferred to

state banks.state banks.

5. Results of the Bank War:5. Results of the Bank War:

-New York became the financial -New York became the financial

center for the country.center for the country.

-Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"-Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"

VI. Jackson's SuccessorsVI. Jackson's SuccessorsA. Martin Van Buren-1836A. Martin Van Buren-1836

After his election, depression set in. After his election, depression set in.

The Panic of 1837 was a result of The Panic of 1837 was a result of

Jackson's economic policies. Jackson's economic policies.

This probably cost him re-electionThis probably cost him re-election

B. Election of 1840B. Election of 1840

-Whigs nominated ex-General -Whigs nominated ex-General

William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)

-Harrison won but died one month after taking office.-Harrison won but died one month after taking office.

VI. Jackson's SuccessorsVI. Jackson's Successors

C. John Tyler-C. John Tyler-

He vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation, He vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation, including a new National Bank. This caused division including a new National Bank. This caused division in the party.in the party.

The The Jefferson/Jackson Jefferson/Jackson

EraEra

1800-18401800-1840

*The Jefferson/Jackson era resulted in a more politically active and aware population. Political parties became essential to the political system.*