The Jefferson -Jacksonian Era

1800-1836 Society, Economy and Politics under America’s Most

Controversial President

Current president: James Madison (1809-1817) Democratic-Republican Virginia

Impact of the Industrial

Revolution What is it? Social & Economic reorganization which took place

as machines replaced hand tools and large scale factory production developed.

Effects on the North Effects on the SouthIndustrializes Cotton is KingBoom of textiles and factory mills

Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin

Farm only what is needed no real need for slavery

Slavery population increases

The Push for Internal Improvements

Why the need for change? Causes of Industrial Revolution

British Blockade

Embargo Act 1807

Increase in Self Reliance

Increase in Factories / Industrial Revolution

American System Original plan proposed by Madison

Promoted by Clay & Calhoun

Had 3 main Points Development transportation systems Establish protective tariffs Resurrect National Bank

Development of Transportation

National Road Maryland to Illinois Constructed began in

1811 Eventually became

Transcontinental Highway

Erie Canal Essentially connected Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes Paid off in 12 years!

Establish Protective Tariffs Americans producing more goods due to:

Embargo Act & War of 1812 Why?

Foreign Goods being sold at a cheaper price!

Therefore, Tariff of 1816 Tax on all foreign goods Promotes the sale of American goods Popular in North; South needs convincing

Why?

Resurrect National Bank Weakened under Jefferson: Why?

Creation of 2nd Bank of the Unites States (BUS) Make currency excepted nationwide

Current President James Monroe 1817-1825 Democratic – Republic Virginia

Nationalism Belief that national interest should be placed before

regional concerns or interests

Supreme Court Hands down rulings in favor of Federal

government Strengthens federal government John Marshall Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Department of State Develops a Foreign policy advocating nationalism

Supreme Court’s Role

Ogden v. Gibbons Dispute over use of steamboat service

between NY & NJ Federal government has authority over

interstate activities (commerce, travel, tv, etc)

McCulloch v. Maryland Maryland taxed branch of BUS Did not want the states to be “over-

turning laws made by congress”

Dept. of State’s Role John Q. Adams

Sec. of State

Policy EffectRush-Bagot treaty (1817) US & GB demilitarized common

border

Convention of 1818 Border at the 49th parallel up to the Rocky Mts.

Adams-Onis Treaty Spain ceded Florida

Monroe Doctrine Cause:

Spain & Portugal looking to regain lost colonies Russia looking to expand influence

Effect: Monroe issues statement to world via address

to Congress Any action by outside powers would be

consider “dangerous to our peace and safety”.

Sectionalism Placing the interests of one’s own region ahead of

the interests of the nation as a whole

Missouri Compromise - 1820

As of 1818, Union had 10 free & 10 slave states

South wanted Missouri admitted as slave to preserve balance of power in congress

Henry Clay proposed compromise

Division at 36’301. Everything North Shall be admitted as free state2. Everything South Shall be slave state3. Missouri shall be admitted as slave state