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The Italian Renaissance. Quick Vocab Review. Renaissance: means “rebirth” Bringing back the classical world of the Greeks and Romans. Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance. Italy is made up of city-states - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Italian Renaissance
Quick Vocab Review
Renaissance: means “rebirth”◦Bringing back the classical world of
the Greeks and Romans
Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
Italy is made up of city-states◦These city-states were the center of
the Italian political, economic, and social worlds
These city-states are secular◦Many Italians began to enjoy day-to-
day activities and the benefits of strong trade and industry
Characteristics of the Italian RenaissanceEurope is recovering from disasters of
the 14th century◦Who can think of some of them?◦Recovery and rebirth go hand in hand
Italian thinkers going back to their Roman past◦Once again interested in the culture that
dominated the ancient Mediterranean world Started seeing humans in new ways Affected politics and art
Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance
New Emphasis on the individual and their abilities◦ New social ideal: well-rounded
personality, or universal person◦ The “Renaissance Man” – able to
achieve things in many different areas of life
I’m DaVinci… I am the ULTIMATE Renaissance Man. I was skilled as a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician…
WINNING!
The Italian StatesWhat is a city-state?
◦ Independent governments that are not unified or part of a single entity
During the Renaissance, Italy did not form a centralized government
Who were the powerhouses?Milan: Duomo Square
Venice
Florence
Why was it that the Italian cities prospered?
Benefited from trade on the Mediterranean as well as northern Europe
Profited from the crusades—set up new trading centers in eastern ports
MilanLocation is Key:
◦On the crossroads of trade routes from Italian coastal cities to the Alpine
Ruled by Visconti and Sforza families◦Created a strong central government◦Efficient tax system brought great
revenues
VeniceRich from trading in eastern
Mediterranean and northern Europe
Ran by merchant-aristocrats
Wealth gave the city international power
FlorenceLed several successful military
campaigns to gain land and influence
Controlled by the Medici family◦They used power and wealth to
control the city through appointing favorites and supporters
The Problem with being a “little guy”France and Spain made Italy their battle
ground◦The Italian city-states weren’t powerful
enough to protect themselves from the French so they appealed to the Spanish for help
Spanish leaders couldn’t pay their troops so they said the soldiers could sack Rome◦Sack of Rome 1527—end of Renaissance◦Women raped, church officials sold as slaves,
churches and palaces robbed
Machiavelli Diplomat in
Florence, forced to exile
Wrote “The Prince”
His views had a profound influence on later political leaders
Social Classes of the RenaissanceThree classes (or ‘estates’)
◦Clergy (those who prayed)◦Nobles (those who fought)◦Peasants/Townspeople (those who
worked)
NobilityOnly 2-3% of the population
◦Held important political posts and advised the king
The Book of Courtier— Castiglione (1528)◦Nobles are born, not made; should have
character, grace, and talent◦Perfect noble must take part in military and
have a classical education◦Standards of conduct◦Goal is to serve prince effectively and
honestly
Peasants and TownspeopleMade up 85-90% of the population
◦ Serfdom and manorialism in declineTownspeople 12% population
◦ Artisans and merchants (middle-class)◦ Patricians were at the top of society, ruling
society, politics, and the economics of their city-state
◦ Burghers—shopkeepers, artisans, guild members
◦ The destitute—poor and unemployed◦ Poverty in the cities was on the rise
Family StructuresParents carefully arranged marriages
to strengthen family and business ties◦ Dowry: sum of $ paid by wife’s family to
husbandPatriarchal society
◦ This means that ____________ are in charge…◦ Father-husband managed all finances, made
decisions regarding children◦ Children did not become adults until they
were legally freed by father in court◦ Mother supervised the household