The Intrepid Penguin Lodge at Shackleton Station

Includes 16-minute full color movie

PRE-DESIGN DOCUMENTS DIAGRAMSPLANS & SECTIONS RENDERINGS

SCREENPLAY & CELS

THE INTREPID PENGUIN LODGEAT SHACKLETON STATION

The

Intre

pid Penguin Lodge

at Shackleton Station

1

Contents

Pre-Design

Project Description Why a Hotel?

PrecedentsGoals and Guiding Principles

StakeholdersRelationships

Programming RequirementsConceptual Design Ideas

Further Research

Life During WartimeQuality of Living

Systems DiagramsAdditional Diagrams

The Final Design

Plans and SectionsRenderings

The Film

Bibliography

39132125272939

42525354

5791113

144

3

The Freezing Point:

A Hotel and Research Station in Antarctica

The Deep Freeze:

To create Antarctica’s fi rst hotel in conjunction with a scientifi c research station. The energy-saving building should also improve the quality of life for researchers and staff that are spending extended periods of time in what is an otherwise inhospitable environment.

Antarctic Circle

60° S

70° S

80° S

66°33’44” S

GeographicSouth Pole

MagneticSouth Pole

0°18

0°90° W 90° E

Vinson Massif16,066 ft

Bentley SubglacialTrench -8,333 ft

5

The Icy Core:

Adventure and Eco-Tourism are becoming more and more popular as our world continues to get smaller and smaller every day. You can hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, experience the annual wildebeest migrations in the Serengeti, stay in yurts with nomadic families on the Mongolian plains, or swim with whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef. Tourism is even expanding into outer space thanks to the Russian Space Agency and competitions such as the X Prize. Over the last decade the number of people visiting Antarctica has more than tripled with over 33,000 tourists visiting the continent in the 2007-2008 season and another 13,000 cruising past the continent. Yet Antarctica remains relatively inaccessible, and despite a recent wave of movies about penguins, most people know very little about Antarctica, the importance of protecting it, and the unique opportunities it offers scientifi c researchers.

The hotel and research station will address the need of permanent tourism infrastructure on the continent of Antarctica. Currently the only private and tourist oriented base on the continent is Patriot Hills, a collection of tents set up only for the summer months and used exclusively by a company that caters mainly to hard-core adventure tourism such as mountain climbing and cross-country skiing expeditions. With many cruises departing for Antarctica from Patagonia, none can offer its passengers an opportunity to spend several nights on the frozen continent. The hotel will open up many more eco-tourism possibilities for people wishing to experience Antarctica.

By building the hotel in conjunction with a scientifi c research station, the revenues from hotel guests can offset the expenses of scientifi c research, thus removing the burden from the taxpayers of the nations involved in research in the Antarctic. This method has proven successful with the Russian space program which has offset the cost of shuttle missions by allowing wealthy tourists to purchase a “seat” on a mission. It will also give the researchers and workers at the station a chance to socialize with visitors during their long stays in Antarctica, thus removing the feeling of isolation that one may feel in this remote location. With a steady stream of tourist being coordinated by the station, it would make it possible for the tourists to bring fresh fruit and vegetables to the station throughout the summer months, while bringing back waste generated at the station upon departure. In addition, it will make it possible for the families of staff and researchers spending extended periods of time at the station to visit, a huge benefi t to both the station’s residents and their family as some people may spend 2.5 years in Antarctica. This will also give guests a chance to learn about and even assist with Antarctic research, thus raising awareness amongst the general population about issues our planet is facing.

7

There is no way of building a sustainable station in Antarctica; it takes an incredible amount of energy to transport people, materials, and supplies to the continent. As a result the best thing we can do is make sure that once people arrive on the continent that their impact on this unique ecosystem and the planet is minimal. The idea is to create a structure that can potentially operate at full-capacity using zero-energy during the summer season and still allow researchers to work thru the winter months with minimal energy requirements. The project will have to comply with all Antarctic Treaty regulations as well as IAATO policies for responsible tourism in Antarctica. In addition the structure will need to be created from light weight modular construction that can be shipped and easily assembled upon arrival in Antarctica. The lessons learned from this project could hopefully be used one day in the creation of a city in either the Arctic or Antarctic, as well as be a foundation for the impending space tourism industry.

The station and hotel will become part of Argentina’s Antarctic Program. The reason for this is that as one of the 8 nations that has a territorial claim on the continent, Argentina is always interested in legitimizing their claim, which happens to overlap with both the Chilean and British claims. In 1978 the fi rst baby born on the continent was born to Argentine parents at Argentina’s Esperanza Station, since 7 more babies have been born at that station. Argentina is also one of the original signatories of the Antarctic Treaty, which will ensure that they will take all necessary precautions in protecting the environment as well as the people who live at or visit the station. Furthermore, as the nation closest in proximity to Antarctica, and the main departure point for tourists to the continent, Argentina will be able to minimize costs and better coordinate with cruise ship operators and charter airlines to make the hotel a success.

While an exact site for the station cannot be chosen without scientifi c expeditions to potential sites, the requirements for the site’s geography and climate will be set. The site will be located in the Argentine Antarctic Territory. Ideally the hotel and station will be situated away from the Antarctic Peninsula. While the peninsula is the most easily accessible point in Antarctica due to its proximity to Ushuaia, Argentina, the main departure point for tourists to Antarctica, the peninsula already has many tourist opportunities. There are also already a large number of stations on the Antarctic Peninsula, including the majority of Argentina’s stations. The station may be located on Berkner Island which is situated between the Ronne and Filchner Ice Shelves. Currently no station exists on this island or either ice shelf making it an excellent site for a new station from both a research and logistical point of view. Access to an air strip, preferably a blue ice runway, will be important for the tourism infrastructure and this could easily be provided by one of the ice shelves. Proximity to an Emperor Penguin colony is desirable from both a research and tourism point of view, although proper distance must be maintained for the protection of the birds.

ArgentinaAustraliaChileFranceNew ZealandNorwayUnited Kingdom

Territorial Claims

9

Why a hotel in Antarctica?More Fresh Food

ExistingStations

Hotel &Station w/Hydroponics

SUPPLIESARRIVE

SUPPLIESDEPART

SUPPLIESARRIVE

SUPPLIESDEPART

TOURISTSDELIVERIES

More Social

ExistingStations

Hotel &Station

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Less IsolationExisting Stations Hotel & Station

Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter

Existing Stations

11

40000

45000

50000

Tourist Visits to Antarctica

All data obtained from IAATO for registered visitsto Antarctica. Landed means that touristsstepped foot on Antarctica Cruised means they

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

stepped foot on Antarctica. Cruised means theystayed on board their ship as it cruised pastAntarctica. Data for cruising visits only availablefrom the 2002-2003 season onwards. PatriotHills is the only privately operated station allowingtourists to stay overnight on Antarctica, no data isavailable for the 2005-2006 season.

Landed Cruised

35%3%

3%

3% 2%8%

1%2%

0%1%1%

Landed

%3%3% 2%

0%1%

1%

1%

13%

Cruised

600

Patriot Hills Guests

15%9%

3%

14%

3% 48%

8%

2%

12%2%

2%2%

3%

USA UK Australia Canada Germany Netherlands Switzerland Japan

Americas W Europe E Europe Asia Mid East Africa Unknown

0

100

200

300

400

500

Topography

0 1640 3280 4920 6560 8200 9840 11480 13120 feet

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 meters

13

England’s Halley VI Research Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf

Hugh Broughton Architects

Separate research, living, and social modules• Focus on quality of life for residents• Integrated outdoor spaces• Modules allow for easy construction and expansion• Design allows for the station to adapt to its environment, it can ski across the ice•

RossIce Shelf

RonneIce Shelf

ShackletonIce Shelf

BruntIce Shelf

LarsenIce Shelf

AmeryIce Shelf

FilchnerIce Shelf

Fimbul Ice Shelf

WilkinsIce Shelf

AbbotIce Shelf

GetzIce Shelf

SulzbergerIce Shelf

WestIce Shelf

MertzGlacier

Pine Island GlacierThwaites Glacier

CookIce Shelf

VoyeykovIce Shelf

LazarevIce Shelf

Ice Shelves

15

Belgium’s Princess Elisabeth Research Station in Dronning Maud Land

Antarctica’s fi rst (and only) zero-energy research station• Important for site selection criteria and process• Research station design•

Ice Free Surfaces

17

Futuro House

Matti Suuronen

Apple Pod

Malcolm Wallhead

City in the Arctic

Frei Otto

Geodesic Domes

Buckminster Fuller

Light-weight and strong structure• Aerodynamic design important for dealing • with katabatic windsUsed throughout the Arctic and Antarctic•

Semi-conditioned outdoor spaces• Concept of expansion and colonization of • extreme environmentsAir-supported structure• Sails used for blocking summer sun at night • and create an artifi cial sun for the winter

Simple modular design and construction• Ability to be transported via helicopter fully • assembledUsed by the Australian Antarctic Division•

Simple modular design and construction• Can be expanded with additional modular • componentsEasily transportable on trailers•

Sea Ice Extent

Summer MonthsWinter Months

19

Neumayer-Station III

Hydraulic legs• Garage is dug out under the snow•

Amundsen–Scott Station

Ferraro Choi And Associates Ltd

New station, built on stilts• Old Station, geodesic dome buried by snow•

Moon Base Two

Architecture and Vision

Infl atable structure• 5-day construction•

Snow Crystals

Architecture and Vision

Modular construction• Renewable energy use•

Live-Aboard Dive Boats Train Sleeper Carriages

Compact hotel room design• Space saving amenities• Focus on common areas•

Average Summer Temperatures

5 14 23 32 +-94 -85 -76 -67 -58 -49 -40 -31 -22 -13 -4 degrees fahrenheit

21

Goals and Guiding Principles:

Create a comfortable, enjoyable, friendly, and stimulating living and working environment for 1. researchers in both the summer and winter months.

Encourage interaction between researchers and hotel guests.• Provide researchers with quiet and private spaces so that they don’t feel like they are sharing an • apartment with 80 other people.Allow for spaces to be reconfi gured or redistributed in the winter when the population of the base • is reduced.Create separation of living, working, recreational, and hotel spaces. Create a feeling of a city • within a building.Create semi-conditioned and non-conditioned outdoor spaces that work as both circulation and • recreation space. Doing so will force the researchers to safely go outside every day rather than stay cooped up inside for weeks at a time.Put the comfort of the researchers at the base in front of the needs of hotel guests.• Use colors, both inside and outside, that have positive psychological effects and alleviate the • constant white that defi nes Antarctica. Colors can also be used to help defi ne spaces and break up the repetition of modular living and working compartments.Create themes for living modules to help break up monotony. Each module can represent one • of the other 6 continents to create connection back to civilization.Ensure that no one is ever more than 100 feet from a communal, recreational area.• Remove linearity from the project so that no one can spend their entire time at the station walking • in a straight line.

Promote responsible eco-tourism in Antarctica.2. Work within the rules outlined by the Antarctic Treaty and policies of the IAATO.• Give tourists visiting Antarctica a comfortable and educational place to stay on the continent.• Create simple hotel rooms that provide guests with the necessary comforts they would expect • from a hotel.Make it possible for hotel guests to assist researchers during their visit.• Create social spaces that will be shared by both researchers and hotel guests.• Include an appropriate number of rooms so that two full time employees can operate the hotel, • and all guests will have the opportunity to become engaged in life at the base.Provide a variety of activities for guests to entertain themselves with during their stay.•

Average Winter Temperatures

5 14 23 32 +-94 -85 -76 -67 -58 -49 -40 -31 -22 -13 -4 degrees fahrenheit

23

Reduce the cost of operating a station in the remote and extreme environment of Antarctica.3. Minimize the amount of fossil fuels needed to power and heat the station and hotel.• Use renewable energy sources such as the sun and wind to create a zero-energy station during • the summer months, and minimize energy use during the winter months.Offer an appropriate number of showers to satisfy sanitary needs but spread out the demand for • hot water over a longer period of time.Schedule energy intensive functions so that they do not overlap.•

Create a station that can adapt to the environment and be built in Antarctica.4. Use modular construction that can easily be put together and expanded with minimal manpower • and equipment.Design a kit of pre-assembled light weight parts with simple connections.• Build the base on stilts to minimize snow drift and allow for the station to be jacked up, rearranged, • and relocated if necessary.Design the modules so that they can easily adapt to change as may be required by future • scientifi c endeavors.

-0.2 -0.1 0 +0.1 +0.2

degrees fahrenheit

Average Annual Temperature Change

25

Owner:

Inhabitants:

Responsibilities:

General:

Stakeholders

1987 1990 1994 1997 2001 2005

Year of First Ice Melt

27

Energy Waste

Heating Food

Structure Transportation

Site

SnowWind

Sun

Regulations

Boats

Aviation

Research

Support Staff

TourismWildlife

Relationships

Average Wind Speed

0 9 18 27 36 45 54 miles per hour

29

Space Requirements

Population: Functions:

Summer: 60 Researchers/Staff20 Hotel Guests Living Spaces ft²/person people total ft²

Researcher/Staff 100 60 6000 Winter: 20 Researchers/Staff Bathrooms/Laundry 30 60 1800

Hotel Rooms 50 20 1000Hotel Bathrooms 15 20 300

Job Summer Winter Total: 30% Circulation 11830Station Leader 1 0Head Chef 1 1Kitchen Staff 4 1 Working Spaces ft²/person people total ft²Traffic Controllers 4 1 Researchers 75 20 1500Field Training Officer 1 0 Construction Maintenance 100 10 1000 includes work areasMedical Physician 1 1 Medical Clinic 200 1 200Communications Technician 3 2 Field Workers 50 10 500Communications Opperator 1 0 Managers 100 2 200 private officesConstruction & Maintenance 10 5 Hotel Employees 50 2 100Plant Opperators 3 2 Other Staff 50 7 350 private officesExpedition Mechanics 5 2 Conference/Work Rooms 500 with laboratory facilitiesLaboratory Manager 1 0 Hotel Lobby 40 20 800Electronics Engineer 3 1 5 Kitchen Employees 0 5 0 no additional space neededHotel Staff 2 0 3 Plant Employees 0 3 0 no additional space neededTotal Staff 40 16 Storage 800

Total: 40% Circ./Bathrooms 8330Researchers 20 4Hotel Guests 20 0Maximum Total Population 80 20 Living Activity Hub ft²/person people total ft²

Library 50 10 500Gym 50 30 1500Sauna & Hot Tub 20 20 400

Space Definitions: Art/Music Room 50 10 500 laboratory in summer1 Activity Hub = 4 connections to Modules Hydroponic Greenhouse semi-conditioned rooftop1 Standard Module = 10 Pods, 4 Corners Wind Turbine vertical circulation1 Pod = 1 Living Quarter Total: 25% Circulation 36251 Pod = 1 Office1 Pod = 1 Hotel Room1 Corner = 1 Full Bathroom Working Activity Hub ft²/person people total ft²1 Corner = 2 Half Bathrooms Cafeteria/Bar/Games 15 80 1200 Reconfigurable in Winter1 Corner = 1 Laundry & 1 Half Bathroom Kitchen & Storage 900

Lecture Hall/Theater 10 80 8001 Pod = 10' x 10' Hydroponic Greenhouse semi-conditioned rooftop1 Module = 70' x 26' Wind Turbine vertical circulation

Total: 25% Circulation 3625

Requirements:6 Living Modules2 Laboratory Modules Overall Components: total ft²1 Hotel Module Living Spaces 118301 Lobby/Storage Module Working Spaces 83302 Operations Modules Living Activity Hub 36251 Plant Module Working Activity Hub 36252 Bridge Modules Plant Module 18202 Activity Hubs Entire Station 29230

# of Employees

Katabatic Wind Streams

31

Accommodations on aliveaboard yacht

Accommodations atMcMurdo Station

Average Cloud Cover

0% 50% 100%

33

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bedroom100 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Hotel Room100 sq. ft.










Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft.

Bathroom75 sq. ft. Reception

100 sq. ft.

Lobby800 sq. ft.

Storage800 sq. ft.

Annual Precipitation

0 2 4 6 8 16 24 inches

35

Researcher75 sq. ft.




















Manager100 sq. ft.

Manager100 sq. ft.

Conference RoomLaboratory/Work Area

500 sq. ft. SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

SmallOffice

50 sq. ft.

Medical Office200 sq. ft.

Construction & Maintenance1000 sq. ft.

Plant Module1820 sq. ft.

Kitchen & Storage900 sq. ft.

Cafeteria, Bar & Games1200 sq. ft.

Lecture Hall800 sq. ft.

Gym1500 sq. ft.

Sauna & Hot Tub400 sq. ft.

Library500 sq. ft.

Art & Music Room500 sq. ft.

0 0.5 1miles per year

Glacier Movement

37

Living ModuleWorking ModuleService ModuleHotel ModulePlant ModuleBridge ModuleAc vity Hub

O-Zone Hole

100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 dobson units - hole in blue

39

Proposed Site

41

42

Life During Wartime: Buckminster Fuller and Archigram on the Frozen Continent

Buckminster Fuller had a very unique view of how the world worked and how it could be saved. He was way ahead of his time in his thoughts on conservation and on world politics. Likewise, the Archigram group proposed revolutionary new ideas that could only ever work on paper. They too were way ahead of their time, and in many ways still way ahead of our time. Yet both Fuller and Archigram came from very different times and places and took very different approaches to their designs. While both are considered impractical visionaries, there is a land where their ideas have not only come to fruition, but are indeed the only way of life. It is in Antarctica where modular light weight construction is not just a method of building, but the only method of building. On the final frontier of exploration and in the most extreme environments, the ideas of Buckminster Fuller and Archigram thrive. There is no doubt to this being true, but only a question of why they would have designed in a way that is only suitable for the most extreme of places.

Buckminster Fuller was not an architect, at least not technically, but he was a visionary. In fact, one of his very first visions was not of a building, but of a planet. In his Lightful drawing he does not just show a single building design, he instead shows a single planet that has been conquered by a number of soaring and light weight objects. He even includes a very large structure standing on Antarctica. This idea quickly evolves into the 4D Lightful Tower. A tower that soars 10 stories high but weighs the same as a single family house, can be erected in a single day, and is entirely self sufficient. With these specifications the great benefit of it is that it can be placed anywhere with minimal effort. From here he gradually evolved his ideas into single family homes such as the Dymaxion House, Wichita House, and eventually the Standard of Living Package. In these cases he was still looking at easily assembled modular fabrication that can go anywhere, but just like the 4D Tower, wound up going nowhere.

Fuller’s one real success was the geodesic dome. This incredibly strong, light weight, mathematical structures were once again capable of going anywhere and that is exactly what they did. Most interesting is their use in the Arctic

Circle along the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line. A series of radar stations stretching across Northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland that were built in the late 1950’s as a defense against a Soviet attack coming over the Arctic Circle. The radomes, which are the housing for the antennas in a radar system, were built primarily as geodesic domes that were more than capable of resisting the extreme weather in the Arctic. In addition to these geodesic domes in the Arctic, there are a large number of

domes also built at research stations in Antarctica, with one of the largest and most famous being the one at America’s Amundsen-Scott Base located at the South Pole. However, the geodesic dome never caught on as a traditional building form, because of its geometry it was very difficult to occupy, and since it was only an outer shell, it still needed an additional sub-structure inside of it. This is most clearly visible in the American Pavilion at the Montreal Expo 67 where the dome is inhabited by large sub-structure to support the function of the pavilion, as well as in Fuller’s Standard of Living Package where the standard shipping container is turned into the sub-structure.

43

If Buckminster Fuller’s ambitions could be viewed as down to Earth, then Archigram’s ambitions were high in the sky. Completely bored with the architectural situation of London at the start of the 1960’s, Archigram tried to shake it all up with wild proposals about a new way of living. Their ideas ranged from modular pod living to items that allowed for transient lifestyles. But unlike Buckminster Fuller who saw his geodesic dome get off the ground, Archigram’s ideas never left the paper they were printed on. Obsessed with technology and fascinated with NASA, from 1961 until 1974 Archigram produced some of the most radical ideas such as Peter Cook’s Plug In City, Warren Chalk’s Capsule, Ron Herron’s Walking City, Mike Webb’s Cushicle, and David Greene’s Logplug/Rokplug. Warren Chalk even went as far to redefine Buckminster Fuller’s usage of helicopters as a means for transporting housing into becoming the housing itself in his Flying House project. And while their ideas may have been way out there, their Living 1990 project was actually a very good prediction for how we currently live in the 2000’s. However, unlike the self-taught Buckminster Fuller, the young men that composed Archigram were all highly educated and proficient architects.

While Archigram’s projects never left paper, their influence is visible in a select group of built projects. Perhaps the most interesting is the Futuro House, a modular house designed by Finnish architect Matti Suuronen in 1968. The house, which closely resembled a UFO (or at least how we imagine a UFO), was commissioned as a ski hut, but designed as a new easily reproducible housing type. The house was a round plastic construction with an elliptical profile that sat on stilts. Made of 16 light weight pieces that get bolted together, the house could easily be assembled by hand in remote areas, or airlifted in by helicopter. Plans were to mass-produce these houses and send them all around the world. Entire communities would be constructed of Futuros, and there was even a proposal for a Futuro Hotel where these houses would be plugged into a central circulation structure and become the guest rooms of the hotel, much like the Plug In City or Kisho Kurokawa’s actually built Nakagin Capsule Tower in Tokyo. The house received plenty of media coverage with celebrities attending events where the house was displayed and even an article on the house appearing in Playboy Magazine the week that Apollo 11 made its moon landing. The company producing the Futuro even came out with a line of modular plastic houses as that time, although none of the other houses received the same amount of attention as the Futuro. However, these plans were all halted by the 1973 Oil Crisis when an unstable economy, combined with the price and unavailability of oil, made it impossible to mass produce plastic housing. Of course these houses were also fairly expensive given their size, contained very little storage space, and had a style that screamed 60’s, so it is quite possible that even without the oil crisis it might have only been a fad. In the end, only 96 Futuro houses were built and they did manage to get distributed all around the globe, including at least four of which have found their way to Macquarie Island and two other Australian Antarctic Islands where they are now known as Googie Huts and are extremely popular amongst the researchers living in them.

44

Another project along these lines and specifically designed for extreme environments was the Frei Otto and Kenzo Tange directed City in the Arctic created at the Institute for Lightweight Structures at the University of Stuttgart in 1971. While this was a theoretical project, it was also a realistic project in solving how to create a city in frigid

environments. While the project had no site, it was intended for Northern Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia but also with applications in parts of Greenland and Antarctica. The thought was that because of the rich reserves of resources in these polar areas, that within twelve years of

this project a city like this would become a reality. Well aware of the Buckminster Fuller project Dome Over Manhattan from 1960, what Frei Otto proposed was a flat dome that would span 1.25 miles in diameter and reach a height of 787 feet. The idea was that this dome could be constructed first flat on the ground, and then once it was inflated regular construction could commence. The dome would be supported entirely by the air used to inflate it. The city would be powered by a nuclear power plant whose excess heat could be used to keep a nearby harbor free of ice and to keep temperatures inside the dome above freezing. With the dome in place a normal city with normal structures would be able to be built as they will no longer have to stand up against the harsh environment. In the winter an electric sun would move across the sky during the day, while in the summer movable sails could block the sun at night.

While the Futuro House never really took off as expected, and the Arctic City was an idea that never came to fruition, there are a large number of examples in Antarctica that appear to pay homage to Buckminster Fuller and Archigram. The idea of modular pod structures is extremely prevalent across the continent and particularly at Australian bases. While the continents newest base, Belgium’s recently completed Princess Elisabeth Station designed by Johan Berte, is also its first zero-energy base and bears similarity to Fuller’s Dymaxion House. And still under construction is England’s Halley VI Research Station designed by Hugh Broughton, which looks like it could have come right out of the pages of an Archigram publication.

Of all the pod structures that exist in Antarctica, the Apple Huts, or more specifically Igloo Satellite Cabins designed by Malcolm Wallhead, are the most popular and have been used by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) since 1982. They are commercially available as well. Similar to Futuros, the fiberglass Apple Huts are made of eight modular pieces to create the sphere and four pieces used to create the floor that all get bolted together. They can also be expanded with modular cylindrical pieces to any size desired. They can easily be transported by helicopter or even snowmobile to remote Antarctic locations and can comfortably house two people but can shelter as many as fifteen people in emergency situations. These small huts can be assembled by two people in as little as an hour and a half. Revised over the years and now produced by Penguin Composites in Tasmania, as of 2008 the AAD has

45

ordered 49 of these Apple Huts with the original one still in use as a storage hut, with 159 produced overall for eighteen different countries, most of which are used in Antarctica.

Much like Fuller’s Dymaxion Deployment Units, another popular hut used by the AAD for accommodation are the Tank Huts, which are simply converted cistern tanks with added insulation. Originally designed by Rod Ledingham, the man who commissioned the first Apple Huts, for use on Macquarie Island, the original hut had no insulation which resulted in condensation throughout the hut. However, after figuring out how to properly insulate these tanks, fifteen tank huts were set up on Heard Island for the 2000-01 season. Much cheaper than the Apple Hut, the Tank Huts can also be flown in by helicopter or transported in by boat.

While not as standard as the Apple Huts or Tank Huts, the AAD also uses a variety of standard shipping containers as huts. Some of these are set up more permanently on ground or on platforms, while others are kept on trailers that are used in caravans for mobile accommodation, and

work areas. Generally pulled by bulldozers and tractors the containers are used for their strength and durability as they travel over rugged terrain. However, these containers are expensive to deploy and cannot be airlifted in by helicopter. Similar to these containers are fiberglass units developed by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

(RMIT) that also sit on sleds and can be pulled by hagglunds, a tractor like device designed for snow and ice. While the RMIT vans are smaller than and not as durable as the containers, the original units from the 1960’s are still in use today.

Emergency shelters also play a very important role in Antarctic research. In emergency situations where extreme winds make it impossible to pitch a tent, the AAD has developed the mega bivvy. Similar to Archigram’s Cushicle,

Suitaloon, or Inflatable Suit Home, the mega bivvy is a small homemade sack made of rip-stop nylon and sewn together with an industrial strength sewing machine containing a draw-string entrance and air vents. They are capable of holding anywhere from four to twelve people in emergency situations. They are supported by the inhabitants leaning back against the fabric, leaving room in the middle

for a stove that can heat the interior. More importantly it is designed to be deployed quickly and, if necessary, on top of someone without having to move them.

Moving on to permanent Antarctic structures, Belgium’s Princess Elisabeth Research Station in Dronning Maud Land is on the cutting edge of Antarctic architecture. The completion of this base at the end of 2008 marked Belgium’s return to the continent after a 40 year absence. This was a big deal for Belgium as the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897-99 was the first ever expedition to spend the winter in Antarctica, even though this was unplanned and due to their boat getting trapped in the ice. However, the major breakthrough is that this station is powered entirely by solar panels

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and eight wind turbines, making this summer only station Antarctica’s first zero-energy station. This is a major breakthrough on a land that is completely isolated from the rest of the world and where mining and drilling for resources is strictly prohibited. Since no new technologies were developed in order to do this, it became very important to choose a proper site for this base. Because this is a summer only base it can rely on the sun’s energy 24 hours a day while in operation, but the sun is not enough to power the base on its own. The base would need to be located in an area with an average wind speed of 17 miles per hour to provide enough power to the station; however, extremely high winds, a common occurrence across the continent, could cause damage to the turbines. Belgium’s original King Baudouin base had been built on ice, but heat that escaped the structure caused the ice to melt making the structure unstable after only ten years. Rather than build the base on stilts as many

other new bases are doing, to solve this problem it was decided that the new base would need to be built on rock, and in particular rock that was orientated to avoid the massive snow drifts that occur in Antarctica. However, building on rock presents logistical challenges as it usually means that snow is far away making the base inaccessible by snowmobiles, difficult to melt snow for water, and far away from the shore. Using satellite images a few sites were selected in which the rocks covered a very small area making it both possible to build on while still accessible. Researchers set up equipment at these sites and in the end it turned out a site near the Sør Rondane Mountains offered not only ideal conditions that met the requirements of the zero-energy design, but were also close to a variety of different environments making it a great location for research.

In addition to all this research on choosing a proper site, a great deal of thought went into creating a building that not only provided a comfortable home and work environment for researchers, but also minimized the amount of energy required. Johan Berte visited a bunch of other bases to see what works and what doesn’t work in order to make the base as comfortable as possible for the researchers while also ensuring that the base used only one fifth the amount of energy as other bases of a similar size. Additionally, the station will produce as little waste as possible, gray water will be used for washing machines and toilets, while waste water will be purified and emptied into crevasses where it will instantly turn to ice without disrupting the environment. All waste will be removed from the site each year, as opposed to most other bases that burn their waste thus creating toxic gasses. The building, very much like Fuller’s Dymaxion House, is built around a central core, but instead of it being for circulation it is for the most sensitive equipment used at the base. This core is then surrounded by the kitchen and other functional areas, with bedrooms and living areas stretching out around the perimeter of the building. And just like the how the Dymaxion House is lifted off the ground, the Queen Elisabeth Research Station stands on stilts in order to minimize the amount of snow that piles up around the building.

With its first module completed and in place on Antarctica, and the rest still under construction in South Africa, England’s Halley VI Research Station is another exciting new base being built on the frozen continent. As the name

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states this is the sixth incarnation of the Halley station, a station that has been in existence since 1956, and has been designed with the intent on it lasting many more years than the previous five structures, two of which were built underneath the ice. Not to mention in a radical change from most Antarctic design, this station was designed by Hugh

Broughton Architects, a firm with no experience in the Antarctic which won an international RIBA competition to design the station. The station is located on the Brunt Ice Shelf which is a 650 foot thick piece of ice floating on top of the Weddell Sea that moves over a quarter mile each year into the ocean where it eventually breaks up into icebergs. The current Halley V station is in danger of breaking off onto one of these icebergs within the next decade. In addition to this movement the ice shelf receives approximately 3 feet of snow each year which continuously accumulates. While this may seem like a strange place to build a station, it is of great scientific value; it was from the Halley station that scientists discovered the hole in the o-zone layer back in 1985. Therefore Broughton has designed this station to be built on hydraulic stilts that are sitting on top of skis. This not only prevents escaping heat from melting the ice, but allows each module of this eight piece station to be raised for snow plowing and moved to more solid ground. While

the current Halley V sits on stilts, it takes 40 people several days to lift it above the snow and it cannot be moved inland, it will take only 2 people and a bulldozer a few weeks to raise and move all the modules in the new Halley VI station. This ability to actually move the structure both vertically and horizontally makes it the world’s first “walking city”

The station has an interesting design with 6 identical blue modules, a bridge module, and a large red module. The large red module is the social module with windows designed for viewing the Aurora Australis (Southern Lights), while the bridge acts as a fire barrier in addition to forcing the researchers to walk outside every day, an activity that is very important for their mental health on the frozen continent. The other six modules are used for living and laboratories, with the two functions being separated by the bridge module. And since it is composed of modules, it can be easily expanded to accommodate more researchers if there is need to do so in the future. The bright colors, chosen because of their appearance on the Union Jack, will help give the researchers a bit of contrast on the otherwise entirely white continent. Arranged in a straight line to help prevent snow drifts from building up, each module has a different look on the inside with the bedrooms being made of individual pods. The modules, completely fabricated in South Africa, are currently being put together next to the Halley V station, which is being used as a home for the construction workers, but upon completion, the new station will be moved 9 miles inland to its first of many homes. The base, which is a year-round base, should be operational for the 2009-10 summer season.

With all of these projects being built in Antarctica that look like they could have come out of pages in Archigram, it is little surprise that when David Garcia Studio published its first edition of MAP: Manual of Architectural Possibilities a few months ago (September 2009) on the topic of Antarctica, it was Peter Cook who wrote the introduction to the project. The pamphlet is a two part project; the first part a study of the history, geography, and nature of Antarctica, while the second

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part contains proposals for possible research stations in the Antarctic. One of the more interesting proposals is a reincarnation of Warren Chalk’s Flying House. In this project three retired commercial airliners are retrofit as living and working accommodations in Antarctica. Besides the fact that airplanes are built to withstand the extreme environment of flying at 35,000 feet, the project solves perhaps the most difficult problem of building a base in Antarctica, that of transporting the building or building materials to the site. These planes were going to be flown to scrap yards, so why not fly them to Antarctica instead. Only in a place like Antarctica would the thought of living in grounded airplanes seem not only reasonable but actually like a very well thought out idea.

It is clear that building in Antarctica is quite different than building anywhere else on Earth. The ideas proposed and buildings that are built come right out of the space age and science fiction. But the question still remains as to why Buckminster Fuller and Archigram proposed such similar designs but proposed them for the rest of the world. It seems to me that the answer exists in the environment they grew up in, that of course being an environment of war. Whether World War or Cold War, their proposals only make sense when looked at in this context.

Born in 1895, Buckminster Fuller was a radio operator in the U.S. Navy during the First World War. A major turning point in the history of the world, World War I was one of the last wars to use cavalry and one of the first wars to use machine guns. Always a sailor at heart, Fuller loved the discipline of the Navy and was placed on the cutting edge of technology during the war. He was involved in some of the first trans-Atlantic radio communications and took up a great interest in technology. Obviously influenced by the air raids that took place during the first World War, Fuller proposed in 1928 as a way of delivering his 4D Towers all around the world, that a zeppelin carrying his 4D Tower could first drop a bomb on a site and then place the tower inside of the crater. His Dymaxion House was built like a ship with everything organized around a central mast and entirely prefabricated. Just like his 4D Tower, the Dymaxion House could be assembled in one day, a very useful strategy during war. Then during World War II, Fuller designed his Dymaxion Deployment Unit in 1941, which was nothing more than a grain silo converted into a house. In 1943 came his Dymaxion Map, a world map composed of squares and triangles designed to reduce distortion

and create uninterrupted land masses, interestingly it is one of the few projections that shows a distortion free and unbroken Antarctica. It is his experiments with the Dymaxion Map that would eventually lead to his discovery of the geodesic dome. Then after the war in 1946 he came up with his Dymaxion Dwelling Machine or Wichita House, a home that could be built in the aircraft factories that no longer needed to produce fighters and bombers after the war. It was in the 1950’s at the height of the Cold War that his geodesic domes would be used throughout the Arctic to make up the DEW Line to protect the U.S. against Soviet air raids coming

over the Arctic Circle. It is interesting that while his designs were meant for a world at war, he would become a hero for the peace loving hippies in the 1960’s, although he was of course a peace loving man himself.

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Likewise, Archigram, well aware of the works of Fuller, was also hugely influenced by war. With the six members of Archigram being born between 1927 and 1937, all of them grew up during World War II. In fact the two oldest

members Warren Chalk and Ron Herron were both from London, a city that was heavily bombed by German air raids. During these air raids Londoners would take shelter in the London Underground, sleeping on the platforms and even on the train tracks. The city even went as far as to build the London Deep Level Shelters, a series of air raid shelters that were intended to become another subway line after the war, although this new subway line never materialized. There is no doubt that the members of Archigram would have been well aware of the use of transportation tunnels as shelter. So it should be very little surprise that Warren Chalk would think up the Flying House while Ron Herron imagined

the Walking City. But like Fuller, Archigram was also influenced by the Cold War and in particular by NASA and the space race. Ron Herron even references Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center, then known as Cape Kennedy, as a moving super structure in his Walking City project. David Greene’s Living Pod looks like it could have come directly from one of the Apollo missions, while Ron Herron’s Seaside Bubbles

proposes underwater housing. The group was formed as a response to the uninteresting post-war constructions going up in London. So Peter Cook’s Plug In City was a proposal as an alternative way to rebuilding a city, while David Greene’s Logplug/Rokplug completely did away with the city while once again referencing a transient way of life. Of course it was Mike Webb’s Cushicle that expressed the ultimate transient lifestyle, a housing machine that walked and was carried on your back. The machinery and lifestyles proposed by Archigram were completely non-traditional and could

only have been inspired by a life during wartime.

So it was war that inspired the creations of Buckminster Fuller and Archigram, and it is the structures of war that become most appropriate for survival in extreme environments. While Antarctica is mainly built of modular, light weight,

permanent structures, it is still heavily reliant on tents. In fact Patriot Hills, the only privately operated base on the continent of Antarctica, relies exclusively on tents. While many of the

tents in Antarctica are specially designed for the environment as they need to resist heavy winds and snow, in other extreme environments military style shelter is more common. At Mt. Everest Base Camp in Nepal, modular military tents are used for mess halls and communication centers. There are no permanent structures, but rocks may be stacked alongside the tents to create stronger barriers against the elements. On the mountain itself, just like in Antarctica, more specialized tents are used as they need to be light weight and their only function is to provide shelter from wind and snow while acclimating to low oxygen levels at higher camps in preparation for the final trek to the summit.

Designing for these environments requires a high level of creativity, and a way of thinking that doesn’t necessarily make sense for the normal environments in which we live. But designing for war requires the same higher level of

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creativity and many of the same principles, modular, light weight, pre-fabricated, and easily erectable structures. It is for these reasons that the ideas of Buckminster Fuller and Archigram thrive on the continent of Antarctica. As more stations get built or replaced, there is little doubt there will be a greater focus on sustainability and longer life spans for the structures. More and more high tech structures will be built on Antarctica, and most likely they too will bring the drawings of Buckminster Fuller and the pages of Archigram to life. And as I’m sure Buckminster Fuller and Archigram would be proud to say, today we build in Antarctica, tomorrow we build on the moon.

Key to Images (Listed in order of appearance)

Buckminster Fuller’s 4D Tower Arctic DEW Line Radome Archigram’s Plug In City Matti Suuronen’s Futuro House Frei Otto’s City In The Arctic Buckminster Fuller’s Dome Over Manhattan Penguin Composites’ Apple Hut AAD Tank Hut Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion Deployment Unit AAD Container Hut Buckminster Fuller’s Standard of Living Package AAD Mega Bivvy (2 images) Belgium’s Princess Elisabeth Research Station Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion House Archigram’s Walking City England’s Halley VI Research Station MAP: Manual of Architectural Possibilities 001 Buckminster Fuller’s 4D Tower Arctic DEW Line Map Aldwych Station, London Underground, World War II Archigram’s Cushicle Archigram’s Living Pod Weatherhaven’s Polarhaven Tent, Patriot Hills, Antarctica Mountain Hardware’s Space Station Tent, Mt. Everest Camp 2

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http://www.columbia.edu/~mt12/blt.htm

Typical light therapy Dawn simulation

Quality of Living

Phil Wells, Hugh Broughton Architects

Halley V Staff Questionaire

Requests / Improvements VotesBetter Sound Insulation 25Sauna / Bath 23Hydroponics / Fresh Food 19Storage 14Chill-out / Social Space 12Larger Windows 11Color 11Larger Gym 11Better Lighting 10Ensuite 9Dome 9Larger Pit-rooms 8Separate TV Room 8Larger “Boot Rooms” 6Larger Workshops 6No Melt Tank 6Improve Dining Facilities / Bar 5Provide Sofas 4Better Communications 4Music Room 3Better Controls 3CHP & Renewable Energy 3Fish Tank 3Larger Library 2Black Out Blinds 1Carpet 1Climbing Wall 1Better Building Mgmt. System 1

http://www.colour-affects.co.uk/

Spring Colors Fall Colors

warm colors warm and intense colorslittle or no black contain yellows and blacks

Summer Colors Winter Colors

cool colors cold colorscontain grays contain blues

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Avtur fuel

CHP generationRecover exhaust heat

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washerSink

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centrifuge

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Waste management education of employees

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Suppliers

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All supplies

Hazardous materials tracked

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All waste

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Fuel Incoming cargo line

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waste

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Outgoing cargo line

Incinerator waste

Incinerator

Transport + relief

Systems DiagramsPeder Anker, “The closed world of ecological architecture” Phil Wells, Hugh Broughton Architects

Phil Wells, Hugh Broughton Architects Phil Wells, Hugh Broughton Architects

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The Final Design

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In 2013 the Instituto Antartico Argentino will begin construction on Antarctica’s newest research station, Shackleton Station, on Berkner Island. The Station is scheduled to be completed in 2016, and with it Antarctica’s first hotel, The Intrepid Penguin Lodge, will open. Designed by Ben Tolsky in the Spring of 2011 as his Masters Project at the Illinois Institute of Technology….

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To ensure a good night’s rest in the land of the midnight sun, each room features black out shades to block the sun from coming into your room while you are trying to sleep. Each room is also equipped with dawn simulation lights that are timed to help wake you up. Each residential module is equipped with 10 bedrooms, 2 showers, 4 restrooms, and a laundry facility.

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Shackleton Station features a pair of three-story activity hubs. The residential activity hub contains a sauna on the first floor and a fully equipped gym that spans the first and second floor. The third floor houses an art and music room and a library, both of which can be used as office space if necessary during the summer. These facilities are available exclusively to residents of the station.

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Upon leaving the residential activity hub, you will step outside onto the basketball bridge. Beneath the bridge is the station’s melt tank. Everyday, the melt tank is filled with snow to provide water to the entire station. You then pass through the station’s plant module, which is where the station generates power and treats its waste water. The plant module exits onto the ice skating bridge, where fuel and waste are stored below. This will lead you to the working activity hub.

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The working activity hub is home to the station kitchen on the first floor, the cafeteria on the second floor, and a lounge on the third floor. It is here where you will eat all of your meals and have an opportunity to mingle with the hotel guests. The cafeteria will remain open at all times, and snacks will be available throughout the day.

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During the summer, all residents work 12 hour days, 6 to 7 days a week. This is reduced to a 40 hour work week for the residents who will be wintering at the station. The station is equipped with offices, labs, a medical room, and a fully equipped wood and metal working shop, along with plenty of storage space.

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Dinner is served late at the end of the work day so that all residents have the chance to relax afterwards. Every Saturday night the station hosts a themed party, and on other nights residents can spend time in the lounge and watch a movie or listen to a lecture. For those who had a hard day’s work outside on the ice, a trip back to the residential activity hub will allow you to kick back and relax in the sauna which is opened in the evenings.

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The station is divided into separate and distinct sides. The residential side contains all the bedrooms, showers, and laundry facilities, as well as the gym, sauna, music room, library, and basketball court, all of which are used exclusively by station residents. The plant module is in the very center of the station. Opposite the residential side is the working side. It is here where you will find the stations kitchen, cafeteria, lounge, and ice skating rink as well as the support, research, and hotel modules. The support modules contain all the restroom facilities for the working side, as well the medical office and maintenance shop. There are two lab modules; a dirty lab module, with desks, laboratory facilities, and a conference room, and a pressurized clean lab module which contains both heated and refrigerated lab space. Lastly, there are the two hotel modules. The first module is the hotel lobby which acts as a lounge for guests as well as a large storage room for the station. The second module contains the hotel rooms, restrooms, and showers. The 10 rooms are open for 50 nights each summer, which at $2000 a night, provide one million dollars each year towards the operations and research at Shackleton Station.

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The station is made of prefabricated panels with simple connections to ease the construction process on the ice. The base panels are preinstalled with all the duct work, plumbing, and wiring for the station so that once they are connected, there is less work that needs to be done during the short summer season. After each module is assembled, it will then have its interior fitted out. Much of the interiors will also be prefabricated in Argentina to minimize the amount of work that is needed to be done on the ice.

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The station will be shipped to Antarctica via icebreakers departing from Ushuaia, Argentina. Each ship is capable of carrying the structural panels for up to four modules at a time. Two ships carrying five or six modules will be sent down each summer for three years in order to complete the station. This will ensure that there is a reasonable amount of work to be completed by the construction crew during the short Antarctic summer. The additional cargo space will be used for carrying other building materials, scientific equipment, machinery, vehicles, and the food necessary for the summer season. Upon arrival in Antarctica, the components will be unloaded onto sledges in small quantities to avoid breaking the sea ice. The sledges will then be pulled by bulldozers to the station site on Berkner Island to be assembled.

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Although Antarctica is a desert, when snow falls, it does not melt. It simply accumulates, eventually becoming the top layer of ice on Antarctica’s glaciers. Since Shackleton Station is built on a glacier, it needs to stand on legs so that the ice does not melt beneath it. This way, snow can blow freely around the legs to prevent large snow banks from burying the station. The legs may also be lifted from time to time to stomp down any snow that has accumulated and ensure that the station does not get buried.

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Antarctica is a land of cycles. For four and a half months each summer the sun shines for twenty four hours a day. It is during the summer that the station’s population swells to 60 residents and 20 hotel guests. In the winter things quiet down, with only 20 residents remaining at the station. With two months of endless night, the Aurora Australis, or southern lights, dance across the sky as a special treat for those lucky enough to be spending the full year at the station.

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As the need for Antarctic research changes and tourism demand increases, the station’s modular design allows for easy expansion and reconfiguration. Each module can be pulled across the ice by bulldozers to accommodate any layout required. This also allows the entire station to be moved periodically as the glaciers slowly carry the station towards the ocean. As modules may be adapted to take on new functions, it will be possible to replace windows with insulated panels or mechanical panels without disassembling any of the structural panels.

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The first stop on your journey to Antarctica is Buenos Aires, the vibrant capitol of Argentina. From here it is off to the world’s southern-most city, Ushuaia, located in Tierra del Fuego on the Straights of Magellan. Here you will spend several days in which you will receive your Antarctic clothing as well as emergency survival training before boarding your plane to Berkner Island, Antarctica.

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Upon arrival you will be greeted by the Intrepid Penguin’s Antarctic staff and taken to you room.

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Once at the station there are many activities to take part in. Options range from cross-country skiing to scuba diving to curling. Of course, the most popular excursion is visiting our nearby penguin colony. The Intrepid Penguin staff will always be there to make sure you are entertained and enjoying your stay in exquisite Antarctica.

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Produced, Directed, AnimatedBen Tolsky

Her Royal Majesty's EnglishAmy Tolsky

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Screen Play & Exquisite ProseBen Tolsky

Molly Tolsky

John Williams 'Star Wars Theme' Dave Matthews Band 'No. 34' Rodrigo y Gabriela 'Chac Mool'Emerson, Lake & Palmer 'Close To Home' John Williams 'Indiana Jones Theme'

Bob Dylan 'Mighty Quinn' performed by Manfred Mann

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http://www.usap.gov/technology/contentHandler.cfm?id=518. “Tourism in Antarctica - British Antarctic Survey”, n.d. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/index.php. “Transsiberian Railway tickets | Russian, Ukrainian and Chinese Railway tickets”, n.d. http://www.transsiberian.co/trainsandcompartments.html. “Traverse caravans (RMIT) - Australian Antarctic Division”, n.d. http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=26598. “Traverse vans (container style) - Australian Antarctic Division”, n.d. http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=26597. Tucker, Christopher. “Twenty Hours of Sun.” Lexus Magazine, Q42008. Universitat Stuttgart. Institut fur leichte Flachentragwerke. IL2. (Stuttgart): Institut fur leichte Flachentragwerke, Universitat Stuttgart, 1974. “USATODAY.com - Physical facts about Antarctica”, n.d. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/coldscience/ageog.htm. “Vessel | Australia Liveaboard Dive Spoilsport”, n.d. http://www.mikeball.com/vessel-0. Vince, Gaia. “New Antarctic base will ski to safety - tech - 19 July 2005 - New Scientist”, July 19, 2005. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7693. Vittori, Arturo, and Paola Vogler. Architecture and Vision: from Pyramids to Spacecraft. Vol. 1. Gescom, Viterbo, 2009. www.architectureandvision.com. Waite, Richard. “Action stations for Antarctic six.” Architects’ journal 18, no. 19 (November 18, 2004): 12. Wells, Phil. Letter. “FW: Information about Antarctica projects”, September 17, 2010. “Wunder Blog Archive: Weather Underground”, n.d. http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/archive.html?year=2007&month=11.

Soundtrack

Dave Matthews Band. #34. 1994. Dylan, Bob. The Mighty Quinn. performed by Manfred Mann, 1968. Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Close To Home. 1992. Hendrix, Jimi. Foxey Lady. 1967. Rodrigo y Gabriela. Chac Mool. 2009. Williams, John. Main Theme from Star Wars. performed by London Symphony Orchestra, 1977. ———. Raiders March. performed by London Symphony Orchestra, 1981.

Photography

All wildlife and landscape photography in this book was taken by Martha de Jong-Lantink and available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/marthaenpiet/sets/72157603345381923/with/2080256215/

“ ” - The Antarctic Sun

Ben Tolsky’s latest film explores life in Antarctica at Shackleton Station, Argentina’s newest station. This unique station isn’t just for research, but is also home to Antarctica’s first hotel, The Intrepid Penguin Lodge. Starring the Intrepid Penguin Girl in her first feature film. Now for the first time ever you can get an exclusive behind the scenes look at the design of The Intrepid Penguin Lodge at Shackleton Station in this limited edition book.

“Two Thumbs Up” - Roger Ebert

WIDESCREEN ENGLISH 2011 154 Full Color 16:9 Stereo Sound 16 minutes Pages Book

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Documents

The Intrepid Penguin Lodge at Shackleton Station