THE INTERNETChapter 13

Internet- Interconnection and Networks

• “the Net”

• Computers have played a significant role in our everyday life

• Growth in popularity and networking of computers, intercommunication

• An enigmatic computer gizmo

• games, music, and generally entertainment

•much broader concept than mere entertainment and recreational activities

• Revolutionizing and enhancing the ways of human interaction and communication.

Internet …

It consists of thousands of separately administered networks of various sizes and types. Each of these networks comprises tens of thousands of computers.

Total number of users of the Internet is known to be in millions

• unparalleled degree of communication

• resource sharing

• information access

The most powerful and important technological advancement since the introduction of the desktop computer

Evolution of internet

1969 ARPANET becomes functional

1984 ARPANET has more

than 1,000 individual computers linked as

hosts

1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET

and becomes known as

the Internet

1995 NSFNet

terminates its network

on the Internet

and resumes status as research network

1996 Internet2 is founded

Today More than

550 million hosts

connect to the

Internet

Owner Of Internet

No one company or country can be considered as owner of InternetOwnership shared among various entities

Coordination:Internet Society (ISOC)Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

In the US – ICANN – Internet names and port numbers

Anatomy of Internet

• Host

• Application programs to avail services

• Network

• Two or more hosts communicating

• Router

• Routes the data to destination

BA

Internet Terminology

•World Wide Web (WWW)

• the network of HTML files stored on Web servers and interlinked with hyperlinks

•Web page

• a hypertext document on the World Wide Web.

•Website

• A set of related pages published by an organization.

• Home page• the Web page that

appears when you start the browser, the index or default page of a particular Web server, folder, or person's Web site.

• Browser • a software application

used to access the World Wide Web and view web pages

Internet Terminology … URL

• hypertext transfer protocol = Protocol used for all files on the web.

• The added s indicates a higher level of security for information on those pages.

• Web server Name/Domain Name• Path, Filename, Domain Name

http://www.northsouth.edu/courses/mis-105.html

Domain

Description

.edu A college or university

.com Commercial business site

.gov U.S. Government / non- military site

.net Networks, Internet service providers, organizations & personal sites

.mil U.S. Military & Agencies sites

.org Non-profit organizations and others

Hypertext

Electronic files containing links that can be selected to move to another part of the document or to another document altogether.

A hyperlink is a command embedded in text or an object which, when clicked, will open another file, take you to another place in the same file or to a new location on the internet.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

Organization connected permanently to the internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers.

ISP (Internet service

provider)Regional ISPs

provide Internet access to a

specific geographical area

National ISPs provide Internet access in cities

and towns nationwide

Online service provider (OSP)

Has many members-only

features

Popular OSPs include AOL

(America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network)

Wireless Internet service

providerProvides wireless Internet access to

computers and mobile devices

May require a wireless modem

Servers …

• Servers

• computer that receives and fulfills requests to provide specific services on a network.

• A Web server

• is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer

• Download

• to copy electronic data from another computer to your computer over a network.

• Upload

• to transfer a file from your computer to another computer.

Protocols

SMTP: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol utility translates between local and Internet mail formats, allowing clients to send/receive Internet e-mail.

FTP: The File Transfer Protocol utility enables file transfers to and from the server.

TCP/IP: the standard suite of protocols used to connect computers on the Internet and onintranets.

NNTP: Network News Transport Protocol

HTTP: See before

Connecting to Internet

Computer & ModemInternet connection Types

DialupCable ConnectionDSL BroadbandDedicated Leased LineISDN Wireless Connection

Internet’s Software

• TCP/IP• Dialer

Software• Browser

Web Browser

Online Demonstration

Internet Usages

E-MailFTPTelnet (Remote Login)IRC Chatting and Instant MessagingInternet TelephonyVideo ConferencingCommerce through InternetMailing Lists

Electronic Mail

Email Address Structurelogin@mailserverChecking EmailSending EmailEmail Attachment

How Email Works

NetiquetteRule 1: Remember the HumanRule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online

that you follow in real lifeRule 3: Know where you are in cyberspaceRule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidthRule 5: Make yourself look good onlineRule 6: Share expert knowledgeRule 7: Help keep flame wars under controlRule 8: Respect other people's privacyRule 9: Don't abuse your powerRule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes….

Search Engines

Refining Your Search

Logical operators

• AND

• OR

• NOT

• “” Double Quotes

• () parenthesis for grouping (X OR Y)

• * Asterisk *biryani