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The Internet: Basic Principles and Use for Obtaining
Information In this chaper, you will learn some basic principles of the Internet and network,
data transfer speed, hardware identification for internet access, and the
connection of computer to intranet and also computer to the Internet. Then you
will learn to use the Internet using the correct procedures, identify information
service, access information, and process it using several application programs.
More importantly, you can discuss some tasks and report the results in the
class. Besides, you have to pay attention on the ethic and acts related to the
Internet in order to respect and appreciate other internet users.
Concept Map
Internet
Network System Information Service
LAN Intranet ISP Data Information Education & WAN Transfer Processing Business MAN Speed Online
Communication
Ethic & Acts
Keywords 3G E-Business the Internet URL
Browser Email Intranet UU ITE
E-Banking Facebook Modem Website
E-learning GPRS Telephone VPN
A. What are the Internet and Intranet?
The Internet enables people to mutually exchange information with their friends in
distant places around the world from their own computers. Why can the
computers communicate? Of course you understand because the computers are
actually connected to each other via a global network.
Internet, which stands for interconnected-network, is a series of computer
networks that are globally interconnected to each other and use TCP/IP
(transport control protocol/internet protocol) as data exchange protocol. To
connect computers around the world, a combination of wire and wireless
transmission media are used. TCP/IP is a software which is integrated with an
operating system (e.g. Windows or Linux).
How can a computer be connected to internet network? To recognize it,
an address recognition named IP address is used. Now turn on your computer
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and find the IP address of one of the connected computers. Check the IP adress
with your teacher or the admin of your network.
Besides Internet, other terms such as Intranet and Virtual Private
Network (VPN) will be discussed in the next sections.
B. Basic Internet/Intranet Network System
A computer network connects two or more computers which are located in a
building, a town, a region, and even in the world. It is like the system in our
social life, which consists of individuals, neighborhood relation of several
families up to international environment. This is similar to the system of the
connection of computers in a network system. Based on the technology used and
geographical area, a computer network system is generally classified as follows.
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
LAN is a network which connects computers in a small area, such as in a
building, a school, a campus, or a company. LAN commonly consists of one or
more computers that function as a server that serves data to the other computers
as the users. We called them clients. To connect computers in LAN, usually
copper wire or optical fiber is used. Wireless connection can also be used.
Local
Network
Figure 4.3. LAN
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
MAN commonly covers a larger area than LAN, i.e. covering an area in a town. In
a larger geographical scope, MAN consists of some interconnected LANs.
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Compared to MAN, WAN connects computers in a larger region geographically
(e.g. province, island, state, or continent). Thus, WAN is a network which
connects many MANs.
Basically, WAN is almost similar to LAN or MAN; the only difference is
in term of geographical scope. However, in an era of TCP/IP, the network
classification of LAN, MAN, and WAN is no longer relevant. Now the
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classification has changed to Intranet, Internet, and Virtual Private Network
(VPN).
1. Internet
Internet is a computer network that is based on TCP/IP which connects
computers around the world. In the Internet, there is a Web server that provides
programs and data on one side, and on another side there is a client that is
equipped with browser to access the web server.
2. Intranet
Intranet is a local network that is based on TCP/IP which connects computers in a
local area in a building, a school, a campus, or in a company. Thus, Intranet is
internet technology used in a local scope. Public Network
LAN LAN
Figure 4.4. Intranet Figure 4.5. VPN
3. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
VPN or extranet is a private network (of a company) which is based on TCP/IP
using internet and public telecommunication connection to share some
information. For example, a company with branch offices in all cities has intranet in
each of the offices. VPN connects the intranet of all branch offices using public
internet connection, but forms a company private connection.
Task 4.1 Describe clearly:
1. What is the difference between Internet and Intranet? 2. What is the similarity of Internet and Intranet? 3. What is the difference between LAN and Intranet?
C. Internet Access Speed
Besides being a source of information, the Internet is a means of communication.
The communication done in the Internet is data communication. The data can be
in the form of text, figure, sound, animation, or movie. If you open a web page,
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you send a web page request by sending the URL address. The server computer of
the web page will send the web page you request.
When transferring data from one computer to another in the Internet,
data transfer speed is very important. The data transfer speed in the Internet
from a server computer to other computers highly depends on the data transfer
speed from the provider used.
Data transfer speed is measured in bit per second (bps). What is bit? It is the
smallest unit of binary number. A character (letter, punctuation mark, and space)
is represented by 8 bits (b), in which 8 bits is 1 Byte (B). If using bit standard,
the data transfer speed is bits per second (bps), Kilo bits per second (Kbps) or
1000 bps, and Mega bits per second (Mbps) or 1.000.000 bps. If using Byte
standard, the data transfer speed is byte per second (Bps), Kilo Byte per second
(KBps), and Mega Byte per second (MBps).
Figure 4.6. An example of 31.6 KBps data transfer speed
One of the factors that determine data transfer speed is bandwidth.
Bandwidth is data channel width which is passed by all transferred data at the
same time. Bandwidth is like a road which is passed by many vehicles altogether.
What if there are many vehicles passing? Of course their movement is slower.
How can they move fast? One of the ways is by widening the road. You need to
know the bandwidth of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to know its capacity to
transfer data.
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Figure 4.7. A site to convert data transfer speed
(http://www.numion.com/calculators/units.html)
Task 4.2 1. Write a short script and count the bits and bytes of the total character. If the internet speed
is 1 kbps, how long does it take to transfer the data? Explain it to your classmates. 2. Visit the website http://www.numion.com/calculators/units.html, then enter a number,
choose the speed unit, and click calculate button. Do this to various numbers and speed units.
D. Hardware Used in Internet Access
As you can see, the Internet is a complicated computer network that can
communicate to one another. In order to connect to an internet network, a
computer needs some additional hardware. What hardware do you need to
create an internet connection? Discuss it with your friends.
A computer needs several additional devices to connect to the Internet.
Below are some basic hardware that are needed.
1. Modem
Modem is a device to connect your computer to a telephone line and the
Internet. Modem stands for modulator demodulator. It changes digital signals to
modulated analog ones and vice versa. How are the data transferred? When your
computer sends digital data to the Internet, the modem will change the digital
signals to analog ones so they can be transmitted via a telephone cable. When the
data reach the recipients, the modem will change the analog signals from
telephone cable to digital signals that can be read by computers.
There are two types of modem: internal and eksternal. Internal modem is
a modem that is directly installed on the computer mainboard, while external
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modem is a modem that is detached from the computer. An external modem is
connected to a computer using wires.
Figure 4.8. An Internal Modem Figure 4.9. An External Modem
(http://ecom-230349.isa-geek.com) (http://tekgems.com/images)
What are the advantages of both modems? An internal modem internal is
cheaper in price but its installation is more difficult and it cannot be moved from
one computer to another (the CPU casing should be opened). An external modem is
easy to install and can be moved from one computer to another easily (without
opening the CPU casing).
2. Telepon Line
Telepon line is one of the requirements to connect to the Internet because it
is used to transmit the signals from the modem. Thus, you can connect to the
Internet if you have a computer, modem, telephone line and register to an ISP as
well as install the software needed. How to prepare hardware and software in
your computer so they can connect to the Internet? In the following you will
learn how to create an internet connection.
Task 4.3 Identify the hardware used to access the Internet in your area. Discuss it with your teacher and friends.
E. Connecting to a Local Network (Intranet)
One of the ways to connect to the Internet is to connect your computer to
a local network or intranet that is connected to the Internet. It is mainly used in
companies, campuses, and cyber cafes. A computer which is the server is
connected to the Internet. Other computers in the network are then connected to
the server. Generally the server is connected to an ISP via telephone line or
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antenna. Meanwhile, to connect a computer to the server is done by using a LAN
Card and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wire.
Figure 4.10. Computers in LAN that are connected to the Internet
(http://gizmodo.com/assets/resources/2008/01/lan.jpg)
The cost of internet access via a network is relatively cheaper because the
connection cost is shared by several computers. Therefore, the money you spend
to access the Internet from cyber cafes is cheaper than that from home using a
telephone line.
Task 4.4 Draw the diagram of the computer you use, its connection to other computers in the laboratorium, until connected to the Internet.
F. Connecting to the Internet
The development of information and communication technology today enables us
to connect computers to the Internet in several ways. Connecting to the
Internet can be done either through wire or wireless.
1. Telephone Line Is your house equipped with
a telephone line? If you have it and
you have a computer, you can
connect to the Internet. The
connection of a computer to the
Internet using fixed telephone line is
widely known as dial up. Internet
access speed using dial up can reach
up to 56 kilobytes per second (kbps).
With the support of data
Figure 4.11. Dial Up System
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compressing technology, dial up internet access speed can be 4 or 5 times higher.
The technology is known as Power Surf Dial Up technology. Several ISPs are
equipped with such technology.
2. Cellular Network Of course you know what a handphone (HP) is. What are the advantages
of HP? Of course one of them is its mobility that enables it to be used anywhere.
The mobile communication system is supported by the technology of GPRS and
3G.
GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service, i.e. sound and data
communication that are done by using radio wave. GPRS has the capacity to
communicate data and sound when the communication device is mobile. GPRS
has data transfer speed up to 115 kbps, but in practice the data transfer speed is
25-30 kbps.
3G stands for third-generation technology, that is a standard determined by
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to be applied in cellular phone
network. The term is commonly used to refer to the development of third
generation wireless technology. Via 3G, cellular phone user can have fast access to
the Internet up to 384 kbps.
The cellular technology enables you to access the Internet anywhere, as
long as you have a computer and a cellular modem equipped with a SIM card.
With the technology, you can also use HP to access the Internet.
3. WiFi Network Have you ever seen a wireless communication network? The technology
is known as Wirelless Fidelity (WiFi). Wireless technology uses high frequency
in spectrum 2,4 GHz. You can connect to the Internet using a notebook, a PDA or
a smartphone that is equipped with a WiFi card. However, if your notebook uses
a processor that is equipped with mobile technology, WiFi card is not needed. By
using WiFi, you can access the Internet up to 11Mbps. You do not need wire to
connect to a network, but you must be within the coverage of WiFi signals. The
area that has WiFi signal is within the radius 100 meter from the access point or
hotspot.
There are three components in a hotspot as follows.
a. Access Point (access point/center) is a device that connects wireless LAN
technology to the ethernet in a computer. Access point has the capacity to
serve users up to 128 points. The area that can be reached by an access
point is 25-100 meter.
b. Access controller is a device that functions as an authenticating device to
check if a user has the right or permission to have internet access.
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c. Internet Link is a device that connects a hotspot location to the Internet.
Internet Link has the capacity to serve all users in a location.
Besides its advantages, WiFi also has some limitations. One of them is the
maximum distance between an access point to a computer that is going to access
the Internet is only 100 meter. Today, access points are installed in only certain
places. The places are usually public places like campuses, hotels, cafes, and
airports.
WiFi technology enables you
to access the Internet with high
speed, but you must be within the
coverage of WiFi signals. The limited
coverage of WiFi signal and the
limited range distance (about 100 m)
cause you to use WiFi only in certain
areas. Today a new wireless
technology called Wireless
Broadband (WiBro) is introduced.
Yet, Wireless Broadband is in the
development stage and not yet
released. Compared to WiFi, WiBro
can be accessed within 1 kilometer
from the access point with access
Figure 4.12 Wireless Scheme
speed up to 512 kbps. WiBro can still be accessed from mobile vehicles whose
speed is up to 60 km/hour.
4. Cable TV Network Have you ever heard about cable television? TV broadcasts often offer
cable TV devices. Cable TV network to connect a computer to the Internet has
been widely used. Cable television seems appropriate especially for internet
users from family segment (household). Accessing the Internet using cable TV
network can be done anytime and it is free from busy phone interruption.
Generally the cost spent for internet access using cable TV is integrated in the
cable TV service. Thus, you are free to access the Internet without spending more
money. Cable TV network is a network with wide data communication line.
Cable TV can transmit motion pictures and sounds. If cable TV is used to access
the Internet, you can have fast internet access.
If you access the Internet using cable TV network, there are some
requirements that you should fulfill:
a. Subscribe to a cable TV service provider which also gives internet service.
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b. Standard computer equipped with an operating system and browser that
support The Internet.
c. Modem cable with DOCSIS system, i.e. a modem specially designed for
cable TV network.
d. Ethernet card.
Figure 4.13. Cable TV scheme
Task 4.5 Mention the advantages of internet connection using wireless connection (GSM and WiFi) compared to that of fixed (wire) connection.
G. Internet for Obtaining Information
Have you ever heard about the term browsing? As mentioned before, the
Internet is like a cyber town. You can enter and travel or explore the town to
know everything. The activity of exploring the Internet is often called as
browsing. You can explore various information by browsing.
Information in the Internet is usually located in web pages using HTML
technology which present codes to be read by a computer equipped with a
browser program. Browser functions to translate HTML codes to a web page.
Many browsers can be used to read HTML. Among them, the most commonly
used are Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, and Opera.
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Internet Explorer is a browser inserted in Windows operating system.
When you install Windows, Internet Explorer is automatically installed. What if
you want to use Firefox and other browsers? Of course you have to install them
separately.
1. Introduction to Browser To surf in the Internet, you have to run a browser program. Browsing is an
activity to explore websites in the Internet. Which websites have you
explored? It depends on the information you need. How do you run a browser
program? Like other windows-based application programs, you can run Internet
Explorer in two ways, i.e.:
Figure 4.14. Choosing Internet Explorer
a. Find internet explorer icon in the start menu or
b. Find internet explorer icon on the desktop.
The steps to run internet explorer from the start menu are shown in Figure
4.14.
Task 4.6
When clicking Internet Explorer, why a certain site comes up? Can the site be changed? Discuss it with your friends.
2. Browser Components
Please observe again that Internet Explorer is similar in term of display
with other windows-based applications. Write anything displayed in the window
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of internet explorer. Internet explorer window consists of title bar, menu bar,
toolbar, status bar and so forth. It is also equipped with a scroll bar that will be
displayed automatically when you open a web page in internet explorer
window. Internet explorer is equipped with an address bar that functions as your
place to type the website address you want to explore. Observe again each
component of internet explorer.
a. Title Bar
Title bar is located at the top of internet explorer window. On the left, the
title bar shows website title that is being displayed in internet explorer window.
On the right, there are controls for internet explorer window that consist of
minimize, restore, and close buttons.
Title Bar
Address Bar
Menu Bar
Figure 4.15. Title bar, address bar, and menu bar in Internet Explorer
b. Address Bar
Look at the figure and find the address bar. Address Bar is a text box
where you write the website address you want to visit in internet explorer
window. Address bar is equipped with a button on the right, that is down arrow.
When it is clicked, some website addresses you have ever visited will be
displayed.
c. Menu Bar
The term menu refers to a list of various functions or facilities. In internet
explorer window, the list is placed at the menu bar. Each menu has different
functions like File, Edit, View, Favoriets, Tools, and Help. How to activate the
functions? Point to the menu icon then click it twice.
d. Status Bar
Status bar is at the bottom of internet explorer window which shows the
current process when the browser enters a web page.
Figure 4.16. Status Bar
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e. Task Pane
Task pane is a small window that is shown in the
left browser window if you click Search, Favorites and
History. The task pane display depends on the button that
you click.
Figure 4.17. Task Pane
3. Terms in the Internet In order to make it easier for you to surf in the Internet, you need to
understand some common terms. Some terms have been discussed earlier, some are
discussed in the following.
a. HTML
HTML, which stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language, is codes or
instructions used to create a web page. Thus, each page in a website consists of a
HTML (.htm) file. To display it, you need a browser .
b. Search Engine
Based on meaning of the words, search is to find, and engine is a
machine. The term search engine thus can be defined as a searching machine. In
this context, search engine is an application program in a certain website that you
use to search for information in the Internet. Search engine will be discussed in
detail in the next section.
c. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
A location can be accessed if you know the address. So, if you want to
enter a site you must know the website address. Determining an address cannot be
done randomly, but using a certain way. How to determine a website
address? To name a website address, a system named URL is used. Therefore, an
URL address is an address of a web page.
d. Website
A website is composed of layers of web pages that have mutual
dependability. It is often called as a site, web site, or portal.
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e. Homepage
Homepage is the main web page in a website. It usually contains
introductory information like welcome note, a short summary of the website
content and some notes on other important parts. Homepage is frequently used in
private websites, which is called ”home”.
f. Hypertext link (Hyperlink )
Link connects a text, figure or button in a web page to another web page
or file. Link in web pages is written in different color and the text is usually
underlined. To know whether a text is a link or not, bring the mouse pointer to
the text. If the mouse pointer changes (usually represented by a palm symbol),
the text is a link.
g. Login
Login is the process to enter a system (application) such as email. In this
context, login is the process when you enter user_id and password before
opening your email inbox. Some web pages in The Internet can only be accessed by
those having authority. The process of checking authority is done by entering the
user_id and password.
h. Logout
Logout is the reverse of login i.e. a process of leaving a web page. It can
only be done by those having authority of logout by pressing the logout button
or link in a web page. Logout is needed so that other people cannot access the
page.
4. Website Address Each website in the Internet has a certain address. A website address
usually has connection to the respective institution or organization owning it. For
example, www.kemdiknas.go.id is a website that belongs to Ministry of National
Education, www.bca.com that belongs to BCA Bank, www.kompas.com that
belongs to Kompas Daily, and etc. Some websites are named in line with the
purpose or information displayed in the website like www.lyrics.com, which is a
website that saves song lyrics.
A website name is a combination of protocol which is used, name, host,
and domain name. Domain name might consist of companies or website names
as well as codes that explain the origin and type of organization of the website
owner. In order that a website is recognized easily, a website address is named
with a domain, i.e. alphabets added after the website name. Besides, you can see
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the directory name and file name in the web address bar. Look at the following
website address.
http://www.kemdiknas.go.id/tenaga-pendidik/guru.aspx
The URL address above can be explained in the following.
a. Protocol used: http
b. Host computer name:www
c. Second-level domain name: kemdiknas
d. Top-level domain name: go.id (government in Indonesia)
e. Directory name: tenaga-pendidik
f. File name: guru.aspx
1. Exploring the Internet After you learn the software used to explore the Internet, now you will
learn how to use the browser to visit certain websites in the Internet. You will
also learn how to set favorite in a browser to help you explore the Internet.
a. Visiting Certain Websites
You can visit a certain website if you know its address or if you have its link
in a web page.
To visit a website, please do the steps below.
1. Run internet explorer.
2. Locate the mouse pointer in the address bar and click it.
3. Type the website address that will be visited such as www.yahoo.com.
Then press enter on the keyboard.
4. Wait for the website and see what will be displayed.
5. Click the link in the web page according to the information needed.
b. Setting Internet Option
You can set a browser to show a website as the default. The steps are as follows:
1. Click start menu, click setting.
2. Click control panel and see what is displayed.
3. Find and click the icon internet options, and see what is displayed.
4. Click General tab.
5. In the Address text box in the homepage, enter the website address that
you want everytime you run the browser, such as www.Google.com. If
you do not want the browser to open a certain website when it is running,
click use blank button.
6. Click OK button.
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c. Stopping and Reloading a Webpage
Sometimes when a browser is loading a webpage, there is a problem
causing longer or slower loading process. If it happens, you can stop the loading
process and reload it. It is faster than when you wait for the disturbed loading
process. Stopping the loading process is done by clicking the stop button in the
toolbar. To reload it, click the refresh button.
d. Running Some Browser Windows
Browser needs some time to load website you visit if the Internet
connection is slow. The consequence is that you must wait. While waiting for a
web page displayed you can open web pages by running some browser
windows. The steps to run some browser windows are as below:
1. Run a browser and enter the first website address that you want to visit,
such as www.plasa.com
2. Before plasa.com is displayed, click file, choose new and click windows. A
new browser window will be displayed.
3. The new browser window can also be displayed by pressing Ctrl + N on
the keyboard.
4. Click stop in the new browser window.
5. Enter the second website addres that you want to visit, like
www.google.com.
6. Do it again if you want to open other websites.
7. If you want to go to the first window, click the window tab in the taskbar.
Opening some browser windows all at once will save you time because
you do not need to wait for a website to be displayed. It will save you money
because of the shorter time spent for internet connection.
e. Adding Websites to Favorites
When exploring the Internet, you can find a new website that is
interesting or important for you. If you find such website you can save the
website address so that someday you can visit it again easily. Saving a website
address can be done by adding the website address to favorites. The steps to add
the website list are as follows.
1. Display browser window with the website you want to add to favorite in
the monitor screen.
2. Click favorites in the task pane displayed in the browser window.
3. Click add in the dialog box, add favorites will be displayed.
4. In the name text box, type the website addres that you want to add to
favorites.
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5. To choose the folder where you want to save it, click create in so dialog
box add favorite will be widened.
6. Choose the folder. If you want to create a new folder click new folder.
7. The dialog box create new folder will be displayed then name the folder.
8. Click ok so that the website address you choose is added to favorites in
the chosen folder.
f. Displaying a Website
To display a website whose address has been kept in favorites, do the
following steps.
1. Click favorite.
2. Favorites taskpane will be displayed.
3. Click the folder where you save the address to be displayed.
4. Click the name of the website that you want to display, then the
website will be displayed in the browser.
g. Setting a Website in Favorites
The more you explore the Internet, the more you save website addresses in
favorites. It may trouble you. So, you need to set the website addresses in
favorites. The setting can be done by: (1) grouping them in a folder that is also
creating a new folder, (2) changing their names, and (3) deleting them.
The steps to set website addresses in favorites are below.
1. Click favorites toolbar.
Favorites taskpane will be displayed.
2. Click organize.
Organize favorites dialog box will be displayed.
3. Do the following setting.
a. Create a new folder
1) If you want to create a new folder click create folder. A new
folder will be added.
2) Name the new folder.
b. Delete a folder or website address
1) Choose the folder or website to delete.
2) Click delete, confirm deletion will be displayed.
3) Click yes.
c. Transfer a folder or website address to another folder
1) Click move folder. Browse for folder dialog box will be
displayed.
2) Choose the folder where the folder or address will be
moved.
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3) Click ok. The folder or address that you choose will be
transferred to the new place.
d. Change folder name or website address
1) Click rename.
2) Give a new name.
4. To close organize favorites dialog box, click close.
h. Viewing a recently visited web page
You can see the list of websites previously visited, such as in the last two
weeks, last week and last few days. Do the activities below.
1. Click history in the toolbar.
History task pane will be displayed.
2. In the task pane, click the time that you want such as last week.
The list of website names visited last week will be displayed.
3. Choose and click a website if you want to display it.
There are many websites in the Internet that you can explore to get various
information you want. What you need to know is the URL of the website.
Actually there is a way to get information even though you do not know the
address of a website, i.e. by using an engine. This will be discussed later.
Task 4.7
Open two the site www.kemdiknas.go.id and news site www.detik.com in one internet explorer window.
H. Internet Service for Communication
The Internet has become a modern life facility that we can be proud of.
Therefore, you want to know what services are provided in the Internet.
Generally internet service is divided into two i.e. for communication and
information sharing. The most common communication services are electronic
mail (email), chatting, and social networking (facebook).
1. Email Email service is one of internet facilities or applications that is widely
used, because it is cheap and fast. Whom do you send an email to? Certainly it is to
anyone who has internet access with a certain address.
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What is an email? To understand the concept of an email, imagine mail
delivery by post. You can send a letter to a friend if you know your friend‟s
address. Next, you put the letter in a post office box to be taken by a postman
who will send it to your friend based on the written address. So does an email. If
you want to send an email, you enter into an email system (the Internet) then
send it to your friend‟s email. An email can be sent to some people all at once.
Besides, you can send a file that is a document, figure or program as an
attachment.
Using email, you can do several things:
a. Write and send an email
b. Read an email
c. Reply an email
d. Forward an email you receive to others
e. Send a file as an attachment
f. Delete email messages
Figure 4.18. Email service in Yahoo!
2. Chatting
Chatting is talking in written form via the Internet. Chatting is real time, so
you can get the answer directly. You can use chatting as a means of
communication in affordable cost. For example, you want to talk to friends,
relatives or parents who live abroad or in other regions. Chatting is a choice that is
easy and affordable.
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Figure 4.19. Chatting using Yahoo! Messenger
Chatting is like communicating with others in daily life. There are some
ethics in chatting, such as:
a. Use a polite language.
b. Do not use capital letters.
c. Do not spam or send unimportant information/advertisement because
people will feel disturbed.
d. Avoid any dispute.
e. Use it for positive communication.
3. Facebook
Facebook is one of popular social networking sites besides friendster and twitter.
Facebook can be used to share information with other friends whether in real
time or not. Facebook can also be used for sharing from simple information to
scientific discussion. Similar to chatting, facebook users have to follow the ethics
in communication.
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Figure 4.20. An example of Facebook page
With Facebook you can write anything (positive) on your wall (status),
send messages to your friend‟s wall (birthday note or other messages), comment on
your friend‟s status, chat, etc.
I. Internet Service for Information Search How do you get information you need? To get information from the Internet,
people create programs that can be used to find or search information. The
program is known as search engine. What is it? How does it work and how to
use it? How to get information from the Internet? You can learn about it and it is
better to be in front of computer directly.
A search engine is an application program that is used to help getting
information in the Internet. It is equipped with a database that can load any
theme in the Internet and web pages that save information. Because there are a lot
of information in the database, a certain way or technique is used to choose and
find information.
There are many search engine websites. Some specialize as search
websites. Two popular search engines are Google (www.google.com) and Yahoo!
(www.yahoo.com).
A search engine will display a list of documents that have been searched in
web pages. The total of search pages found in many documents is displayed as the
search results. Google displays a list of documents searched. You can set the total
list via keywords. For example, you want to get information using keyword
“teknologi” and the result is below.
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Keyword
Search results
List of documents that match the search
Figure 4.21. An example of Google Search Engine
J. Internet Service for Banking The Internet plays an important role in banking. The most basic role of
banking is saving customer‟s data and money, then calculating interest, tax, and
other administrative works. Next, it provides money withdrawal service via
ATM (Automatic Teller Machine). ATM uses wire and satellite communication
lines.
At the next stage it develops banking transaction via the Internet , which
is known as Internet Banking (i-banking). Some transactions can be done via
Internet Banking like transferring money, checking account balance,
overbooking, paying bills, and getting account information. The most recent
development is banking transaction via cellular phone called as mobile banking
(m-banking).
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Figure 4.22. An example of Internet Banking
(https://ibank.bni.co.id/ and https://ibank.clickbca.com/)
K. Internet Service for Education In educational world, the Internet can be used as a medium either in
education or in administration. For learning system in class, ICT plays a role as a
learning medium that helps teachers in teaching/learning process. With the help
of ICT, teachers can display a text, figure, animation, and movie or the
combination which is called as multimedia. To display learning materials, either
wide screen monitor or LCD (liquid crystal display) projector can be used.
ICT used for long-distance learning is known as e-learning (electronic
learning). In this system, students can access learning materials via the Internet. E-
learning is commonly used by Open University. In class-based learning, e-
learning is used as supplementary learning materials outside the class.
Figur ol
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In administrative field, ICT is used for new student admission (PSB)
known as PSB online (online admission). In this online system, prospective
students register themselves in a school of his choice. Then, with their parents,
they can monitor their position in which school he is accepted (based on his
choice) via the Internet, so there is no need to come to the school. It is quite
effective and can decrease traffic jam in roads, so it can save transportation fee.
L. Internet Service for Business
In business, the Internet is used for electronic commerce or known as E-
Commerce. In E-Commerce, trading transactions are done via internet network.
Nowadays there are many companies that are using e-commerce to
support their business. Even some companies specialize in e-commerce only and do
not do any conventional commerce. In Indonesia, e-commerce has also been done.
Some websites are specially designed to sell things, such as
glodokshop.com and gramediaonline.com.
Figure 4.24 An example of online bookstore
(http://gramediaonline.com)
Task 4.8 Besides the internet service above, identify one of internet services that is related to government, either the central, province, or regency government in Indonesia. What kind of service is provided?
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M. Managing Information from the Internet The Internet is a source of information. Thus, you need to learn how to search,
obtain, and manage the information. You have learned how to find and get the
information in the Internet. Here, you will learn how to manage the information.
1. Opening a Web page in Search Results
In search results page, you can see the list of webpages that provide information
you look for. To open these webpages is done by clicking a link text to show the
webpage in an active or a new browser window. How to open these webpages? Do
the following activity.
a. Choose a webpage you want to display.
b. Right-click the link text.
c. In the menu, click Open to open a webpage in an active browser window
or clik Open in New Window to open a webpage in a new browser
window.
2. Saving a Webpage
The information in the Internet is saved and displayed in a webpage. The
webpage is saved in files. The display in a webpage in a browser is the same as
when you display a Word or Excel file your Word or Excel window. The
difference is that you can display a file from a distant computer, which is
connected to your computer via the Internet. When you are connected to the
Internet, you can access the webpage. How do you save a webpage in the search
results? Do the following steps.
a. In File menu, click Save. Save Web Page dialog box will be displayed.
b. Determine the folder where the document is going to be saved in Save In.
c. In File name, the browser will automatically give file name from the
webpage that will be saved. You can change the file name as you like. To
help you remember the content of the webpage, name it according to its
content.
d. Click Save.
3. Saving a Picture from a Webpage
If you save a webpage, all pictures and texts in the webpage will be saved. If the
pictures in the webpage are from files, you will also get the files from the
webpage you save. The pictures in a webpage can actually be saved without the
need to save the webpage where they are placed. If you do so, you will get a
picture saved in a file. To save a picture from a webpage do the following steps.
a. Move the mouse pointer to the picture you want to save.
b. Picture Toolbar will be displayed.
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c. Click Save this image.
d. Save Picture dialog box will be displayed.
e. Choose a folder where the picture is going to be saved in the drop-down
box Save in.
f. The picture file will be named based on the original name. You can
change the file name.
g. Click Save.
4. Printing a Webpage
You can print information in a webpage. Thus, you can read the document
without turning on your computer. To print a webpage, do the following steps.
a. In the File menu, click Print.
b. Print dialog box will be displayed.
c. Choose the printer used.
d. Set up the print layout.
e. Click Print. The webpage will be printed.
You can also print a picture in a webpage. Do the steps below.
a. Move the mouse pointer to a picture you want to save. Picture Toolbar will
be displayed.
b. Click Print this image. Print dialog box will be displayed.
c. Choose the printer used.
d. Click Print.
5. Downloading a File Some websites do not display information in the form of webpages that can be
displayed in a browser, but save them in files. The files can be files in Word
document file (.doc), compressed file (.zip), program files, and etc. These files
cannot be displayed in a browser window directly. The file can be displayed in a
program that matches with the file. You had better downloaded the files first,
then you open then using the appropriate program. The files that can be
downloaded usually have link texts in the webpage. If the link text is clicked,
download File dialog box will be displayed.
To download a file, do the steps below.
a. Click the text where the file is linked.
b. File download dialog box will be displayed.
c. You can open the file you want to download directly by clicking Open. If
you want to download the file, click Save. Save As dialog box will be
displayed.
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d. Choose the folder to save the file downloaded. Automatically, the file
name will be the same as the original file downloaded. Yet, if you change
it, you can give the file a new name in File name box.
e. Click Save to download the file.
f. Wait until the download process is finished.
g. Click Open to open the downloaded file.
h. Click Open Folder to open the folder where the file is saved or click Close to
close dialog box.
6. Copying and Pasting If you save a webpage, all texts and pictures in the webpage are saved in your
harddisk. Sometimes you do not need all things that are displayed in the
webpage. Besides, the webpage that is saved in the harddisk is a HTML (.htm)
file which sometimes does not meet your need. For example, you want the
information you take from a webpage is saved in a Word document (.doc) file so
that it is easier to edit.
You can take any information from a webpage then save it in a Word
document file by copying and pasting. To copy and paste, do the follwoing steps.
a. Activate a webpage to copy.
b. Block all of the texts you want to copy.
c. In Edit menu, click copy or press Ctrl + C on the keyboard.
d. Run Word and create a new document.
e. In Word window, in Edit menu, click Paste (or click Paste in Standard
toolbar) or press Ctrl + V.
f. Save the Word document.
Another advantage of saving information from the Internet by copying and
pasting is that it can save relevant information from several web pages in one
document file. It will ease you to edit and find information you need.
N. Using Email Service
1. Creating an Email Account
Try creating an email account. Choose an email service provider you like or use
Yahoo! using the steps below:
a. Open mail.yahoo.com.
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Figure 4.25 Basic Display of Yahoo! Mail
b. Click Create New Account.
c. Register with real personal data, avoid any fake names.
Figure 4.26 Registration screen of Yahoo! Mail
d. Names could be the same as others, but Yahoo ID (identity) cannot. If it is
the same, a comment The ID not available will appear and Yahoo! Will
provide some ID alternatives. Thus, you must fill in the ID before
continuing to the next.
e. After all questions are answered, click Create My Account. The registration
is successful if the figure below appears.
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Figure 4.27 Final registration display of Yahoo! Mail
f. Now you have an email with address: your_ID @yahoo.com. In the figure
it is [email protected]
2. Login to Yahoo! Email To enter or login to an email, you must have an ID and password.
a. Open yahoo! email.
b. Login to Yahoo! email based on your ID and password, then the first email
screen is displayed as in the figure below.
Figure 4.28 Display of Yahoo! mail
3. Sending an Email
To send an email, follow the steps below:
1. Click New.
2. Fill in To with the address of the recipient.
3. Fill in Subject with the email subject.
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4. Type the content of the email.
5. After finishing the content, click Send.
6. If it is sent, a webpage showing that your email has been sent is
displayed. Your email will be sent to the email address that you choose.
4. Opening an Email If you get an email, it will be saved in Inbox. Notice that the emails have different
signs signalling whether they have been read or not, they contain attachment or
not, and so on.
Below are the steps of opening an email :
1. Login to your email account.
2. Enter user id and password and click login.
3. Click Inbox.
4. To read an email, click the name of the email sender. The email content will
be displayed.
5. To read an email, you can also click the link text. To go back to the email list,
click Inbox.
5. Replying an Email How to reply an email? The following are the steps to reply an email:
a. After reading the email, click Reply.
b. In text box To, fill in a name and email address.
c. Type the mail content.
d. Click send.
Using this facility, you can resend the email content you received. The email
you received is located after your reply.
6. Forwarding an Email What if you want to send an email that you receive to others? Here are the
steps.
a. Open and read the email.
b. Click Forward.
c. Fill in an email address.
d. Add the email content with you own words if necessary.
e. Click send.
f. If the email is sent, a webpage showing this information is displayed.
7. Using an Email to Send Files By an email you can send a file like sending a letter with some enclosures.
Information on the file is written in the email editor. The file itself is the
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attachment. The file may be a picture (.jpg, .gif), document (.doc), excel (.xls),
compression (.zip) or program file (.exe). Depending on the size, there may be
more than one file you can attach to an email. However, there is a certain total file
size. The steps are below.
a. Click link text then write an email.
b. Fill in the recipient email address and email subject.
c. Type the email content
d. Below the content, find and click browse.
e. Find and then choose the file you want to attach to the email.
f. Click open.
g. Below the email you can see the file path and name attached to the email.
If there is still any email to attach, click browse the second time.
h. Click send to send the email along with its attachment.
8. Saving Attachment Files
An email with file attachment is given a special sign in the status column in
the inbox. Below are the steps to open attachment file.
a. Open an email that contains an attachment.
b. See below the text the email content, you will see file attached in the
email.
c. Right click the attachment file name.
d. Click Save As Target.
e. Decide in which folder the file is going to be saved. The attachment file is
named according to the original name. You can change the file name if
you want.
f. Click save.
g. Wait until the saving process is done.
h. Click open to open the file, click open folder to open the folder where the
file is saved or click close to close download complete dialog box.
i. If there is more than one file attached, do the same thing on other files.
O. Rules Related to the Internet
Because of the high capability of the Internet, it is possible that various
crimes and deviations happen. The crimes or other negative things may come up as
there are many kinds of information services provided by the Internet.
To anticipate the negative impacts, a regulation that restricts the
movement of cyber criminals as well as gives the secured feeling to other internet
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users is codified. The regulation is Act of Indonesian Republic Number 11 Year
2008 on Electronic Information and Transaction known as UU ITE.
To know the Act, table 4.1 below displays two examples of restricted
activities, which are declared in section 27 verse (1) and (2) with penal provision
stated in section 45 verse (1). UU ITE is fully displayed in appendix 1.
Table 4.1. Examples of the Content of UU ITE
RESTRICTED ACTIVITIES PENAL PROVISION
Section 27 verse (1) Anyone on purpose and without any right distributes and/or transmits and/or enables
Electronic Information and/or Electronic Document containing anything that assaults the chastity Section 27 verse (3) Anyone on purpose and without any right distributes and/or transmits and/or enables Electronic Information and/or Electronic Document containing any humiliation and/or aspersion
Pasal 45 ayat (1)
Anyone who meets the elements as mentioned in section 27 verse (1), verse (2), verse (3), or verse (4) is criminally prosecuted at the most with in prison punishment for 6 (six) years and/or IDR 1,000,000,000 (one billion rupiahs) fine.
Summary The Internet is a series of computer networks which are interconnected to
each other globally and use TCP/IP protocol. Internet technology used locally is
called Intranet.
The way to connect to the Internet is connecting your computer to a
computer network which is connected to the Internet. Generally, a computer that
functions as a server is connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) via a
telephone line or an antenna. To connect a computer to a server computer, a LAN
card and UTP cable are used.
You can connect your computer to the Internet using a telephone line or a
cellular phone that uses GPRS and 3G technology. For this reason, you need a
modem that functions as the interface between telecommunication channel and
computer. Another way of connecting computers to the Internet is using WiFi
technology and cable television.
The activity of exploring the Internet is called as browsing, i.e. finding
various available information. Information in the Internet is usually put in
various webpages using HTML technology that can be read by computers that
are equipped with browser programs. Internet Explorer is a browser installed in
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windows operating system. When installing windows, internet explorer will be
also installed.
There area various internet services such as communication and
information services. Communication services that are widely used are Email,
Chatting, and social networking such as Facebook. To use the service, users are
obliged to obey the rules in communication to mutually protect internet users.
Information services that are widely available in The Internet are such as
search engine, e-learning, e-banking, and e-business.
To mutually protect and appreciate internet users, they are obliged to
obey the ethics in communicating and exchanging information. To anticipate the
negative impacts, Indonesian government has codified and declared a regulation
that restricts the movement of cyber criminals as well as gives secured feeling to
other internet users. The regulation is Act of Indonesian Republic Number 11
Year 2008 on Electronic Information and Transaction known as UU ITE.