The International Technology Alliance: The International Technology Alliance: Collaborative Research in Network & Collaborative Research in Network &

Information SciencesInformation SciencesJohn Ibbotson

Emerging Technology ServicesIBM United Kingdom Ltd

john_ibbotson@uk.ibm.com

18th April 2007

ITA Overview

Technical Areas

1. Network Theory

2. Security Across a System-of-Systems

3. Sensor Information Processing/Delivery

4. Distributed Coalition Planning/Decision-Making

Three Themes

1. Information Flows

2. Dynamic Communities

3. Trust and Risk

Scenarios

1. Dirty Bomb

2. Search and Rescue in Urban Areas

3. Tracking Insurgents

4. Natural Disasers

Events and Information

AgendaAgendaAgendaAgenda

The ITA VisionThe ITA VisionThe ITA VisionThe ITA Vision

Creating an international collaborative research culture Academia, Industry, Government in US and UK Innovative multidisciplinary approaches

Developing ground-breaking fundamental science Empower innovators in an open (unclassified) framework Develop understanding of the root cause of military technical challenges

Making an impact on coalition military effectiveness Focus on key problems with a critical mass of researchers Gain synergies from UK/US alignment Innovative transition model to bring research to market

A US/UK Alliance focused on enhancing distributed, secure, and flexible decision-making to improve coalition operations by:

What Makes the ITA Different?What Makes the ITA Different? What Makes the ITA Different?What Makes the ITA Different? All parties fully engaged

Fully collaborative Alliance of US/UK academia, industry, government Trust, shared understanding and deep collaboration enabled by

interchanges/staff rotations New collaborations --- peer-to-peer, mentorships, partnerships

Jointly address major research challenges Networking – Security – Sensor Processing – Decision Making Critical mass focused on key technical challenges

Full spectrum research efforts Fundamental research concurrent with pull-through of concepts/principles

and rapid/affordable transitions of technology into systems

Focus on coalition operations Complex operations where military operations take place in the midst of a

civilian population engaged in daily life

U.S.Gov.

Industry

Academia

U.K.Gov.

INDUSTRY9. BBNT Solutions LLC

10.The Boeing Corporation

11.Honeywell Aerospace Electronic Systems

12. IBM Research

13.Klein Associates

ACADEMIA1. Carnegie Mellon University

2. City University of New York

3. Columbia University

4. Pennsylvania State University

5. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

6. University of California Los Angeles

7. University of Maryland

8. University of Massachusetts

INDUSTRY 8. IBM UK

9. LogicaCMG

10.Roke Manor Research Ltd.

11.Systems Engineering& Assessment Ltd.

ACADEMIA1. Cranfield University, Royal Military

College of Science, Shrivenham

2. Imperial College, London

3. Royal Holloway University of London

4. University of Aberdeen

5. University of Cambridge

6. University of Southampton

7. University of York

7

10

6

42

853

1

9

1312

11

123

4

5

6

7

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Team OverviewTeam Overview

International Technology Alliance in International Technology Alliance in Network and Information SciencesNetwork and Information Sciences

Collaborative Alliance Managers/Consortium Managers Jay Gowens (ARL) Jack Lemon (MoD) Dinesh Verma (IBM) Dave Watson (IBM-UK)

International Technology Alliance in International Technology Alliance in Network and Information SciencesNetwork and Information Sciences

Collaborative Alliance Managers/Consortium Managers Jay Gowens (ARL) Jack Lemon (MoD) Dinesh Verma (IBM) Dave Watson (IBM-UK)

Security Across a Security Across a System-of-SystemsSystem-of-Systems

Trevor Benjamin (Dstl)Trevor Benjamin (Dstl)Greg Cirincione (ARL)Greg Cirincione (ARL)

John McDermid (York U)John McDermid (York U)

Security Across a Security Across a System-of-SystemsSystem-of-Systems

Trevor Benjamin (Dstl)Trevor Benjamin (Dstl)Greg Cirincione (ARL)Greg Cirincione (ARL)

John McDermid (York U)John McDermid (York U)

Network TheoryNetwork Theory

Ananthram Swami (ARL)Ananthram Swami (ARL)Tom McCutcheon (Dstl)Tom McCutcheon (Dstl)Don Towsley (U Mass)Don Towsley (U Mass)

Network TheoryNetwork Theory

Ananthram Swami (ARL)Ananthram Swami (ARL)Tom McCutcheon (Dstl)Tom McCutcheon (Dstl)Don Towsley (U Mass)Don Towsley (U Mass)

Sensor Information Sensor Information Processing and Processing and

DeliveryDeliveryTien Pham (ARL)Tien Pham (ARL)

Gavin Pearson (Dstl)Gavin Pearson (Dstl)Thomas La Porta (PSU)Thomas La Porta (PSU)

Sensor Information Sensor Information Processing and Processing and

DeliveryDeliveryTien Pham (ARL)Tien Pham (ARL)

Gavin Pearson (Dstl)Gavin Pearson (Dstl)Thomas La Porta (PSU)Thomas La Porta (PSU)

Distributed Coalition Distributed Coalition Planning and Planning and

Decision-MakingDecision-Making Jitu Patel (Dstl)Jitu Patel (Dstl)Mike Strub (ARL)Mike Strub (ARL)

Nigel Shadbolt (U of S)Nigel Shadbolt (U of S)

Distributed Coalition Distributed Coalition Planning and Planning and

Decision-MakingDecision-Making Jitu Patel (Dstl)Jitu Patel (Dstl)Mike Strub (ARL)Mike Strub (ARL)

Nigel Shadbolt (U of S)Nigel Shadbolt (U of S)

Policy Based Security Management

Markham, HoneywellMarkham, Honeywell

Policy Based Security Management

Markham, HoneywellMarkham, Honeywell

Energy Efficient Security

Architectures and Infrastructures

Paterson, Royal Paterson, Royal HollowayHolloway

Energy Efficient Security

Architectures and Infrastructures

Paterson, Royal Paterson, Royal HollowayHolloway

Trust and Risk Management in

Dynamic Coalition Environments

McDermid, YorkMcDermid, York

Trust and Risk Management in

Dynamic Coalition Environments

McDermid, YorkMcDermid, York

Theoretical Foundations for

Analysis/Design of Wireless and Sensor

Networks

Towsley, U MassTowsley, U Mass

Theoretical Foundations for

Analysis/Design of Wireless and Sensor

Networks

Towsley, U MassTowsley, U Mass

Interoperability of Wireless Networks

and Systems

Lee, IBMLee, IBM

Interoperability of Wireless Networks

and Systems

Lee, IBMLee, IBM

Biologically-Inspired Self-Organization in

Networks

Lio, CambridgeLio, Cambridge

Biologically-Inspired Self-Organization in

Networks

Lio, CambridgeLio, Cambridge

Quality of Information of Sensor Data

Thomas, HoneywellThomas, Honeywell

Quality of Information of Sensor Data

Thomas, HoneywellThomas, Honeywell

Task-Oriented Deployment of Sensor Data

Infrastructures

La Porta, Penn StateLa Porta, Penn State

Task-Oriented Deployment of Sensor Data

Infrastructures

La Porta, Penn StateLa Porta, Penn State

Complexity Management of

Sensor Data Infrastructures

Szymanski, RPISzymanski, RPI

Complexity Management of

Sensor Data Infrastructures

Szymanski, RPISzymanski, RPI

Mission Adaptive Collaborations

Poltrock, BoeingPoltrock, Boeing

Mission Adaptive Collaborations

Poltrock, BoeingPoltrock, Boeing

Command Process Transformation and

Analysis

Sieck, Klein AssocSieck, Klein Assoc

Command Process Transformation and

Analysis

Sieck, Klein AssocSieck, Klein Assoc

Shared Situational Awareness and the

Semantic Battlespace Infosphere

Shadbolt, SouthhamptonShadbolt, Southhampton

Shared Situational Awareness and the

Semantic Battlespace Infosphere

Shadbolt, SouthhamptonShadbolt, Southhampton

ITA OutcomesITA OutcomesITA OutcomesITA Outcomes

Peer reviewed research that advances the state-of-the-art in network and information sciences

Documented in published papers, presentations, patents Emphasis on collaborative research resulting in jointly authored

publications and presentations

Concepts and principles that enable flexible, dependable and accreditable coalition interoperability

Socio-technical concepts and principles to enable the doctrine of network-enabled/centric coalition operations

Research results that transition directly into key applied research or technology demonstration programmes

Concepts and results that impact acquisition channels

Frequent spin-off of research results into current needs

A portfolio of:

Technical Areas – The Big PictureTechnical Areas – The Big PictureTechnical Areas – The Big PictureTechnical Areas – The Big Picture

Wireless Communications Infrastructure

Individual Actorse

nsor

Information Security Management System, including risk, trust mngt

Operations Management and Decision Making

Ops Policy Mngt ( infosec)

Information Security Technologies

Joint Task Force:Operations Management, Decision Making

Including risk, trust mngt in infn, comms, actors

Performance Assessment

Node Tech

Operational Policies, Strategy, Tactics

Performance Assessment

( operations)

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Sensor networkso Operationalo Internal system

Actor network:o own actorso Coalition actorso Adversarieso neutrals

Information Security Management Concept

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TA1 - Network TheoryTA1 - Network TheoryTA1 - Network TheoryTA1 - Network Theory

Fundamental underpinnings for adaptive networking to support complex system-of-systems and ad hoc coalition teams

• Theoretical foundations for design of wireless and sensor networks (Towsley, U. Mass)

• Interoperability of wireless networks and systems (Hancock, RMR/Lee IBM-US)

• Biologically-Inspired self-organization in networks (Lio Cambridge/Pappas IBM-US)

Finding hidden community structure and motifs in networks

Simple biological network

LethalSlow-growth

Non-lethalUnknown

• Mathematical models of interoperation to enable design of coalition networks

• Analysis of community patterns in biological networks and their applications to wireless systems.

• Models analyzing MANETs and performance of protocols

Years 2 - 3 Objectives

TA2 - Security Across a System-of-SystemsTA2 - Security Across a System-of-SystemsTA2 - Security Across a System-of-SystemsTA2 - Security Across a System-of-Systems

Fundamental underpinnings for adaptive security to support complex system-of-systems and ad hoc coalition teams

• Policy based security management (Calo, IBM-US)

• Energy efficient security architectures and infrastructures (Paterson, Royal Holloway)

• Trust and risk management in dynamic coalition environments (Clark, York)

• Fixed infrastructure free security mechanism

• Enablement of secure dynamic communities of interest

• Identity based trust management systems for MANETs

Years 2 - 3 Objectives

Special-purpose Modeling Notations

State Machines, ACLs, Other ConfigLanguages

Natural Language Vocabulary

Battle Space Ontologies

Natural Language

Specifications

Abstract Policies

Cross-cutting Interaction

Models

Platform-specific

Configurations

Policy Specification

Layer

Abstract PolicyLayer

Concrete PolicyLayer

Implementation and Configuration

Layer

Real-time Updates

TA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/Delivery

Sensor information processing and delivery from distributed multi-modal sensor systems within adaptive sensor networks• Quality of Information of sensor data

(Bisdikian, IBM-US)

• Task-oriented deployment of sensor data infrastructure (La Porta, Penn State)

• Complexity management of sensor data infrastructure (Szymanski, RPI)

• Quality of information representations to enable fusion at multiple levels

• Adaptive data infrastructures based on mission requirements and sensor-mission matching algorithms

• Information overload reduction techniques for military sensor networks

Years 2 – 3 Objectives

Service Oriented Architecture for Sensor Networks

TA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/DeliveryTA3 - Sensor Information Processing/Delivery

Sensors as a DistributedDatabase

Brig. HQBrig. HQ

Div HQ

SOA

BG HQ

Co. com.Co. com.

Airborne sensorsystem network

Vehicle network

UGS network

Small UAVs

DynamicSOA

Analysis team(s)

Missions

Missions

Missions

Missions

Have missions & tasksthat need INT and info

Resources & Data, INT an info providers

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Dynamic assignment of resources to missions

Sensor mission matching (inc.

positioning)

Mission(s) & resources

Direction &Dissemination

Push/Pull

Push

Push/Pull

Push/Pull

Tools and Techniques

Mission specific Network

Configuration

TA4 - Distributed Coalition Planning/Decision-MakingTA4 - Distributed Coalition Planning/Decision-Making TA4 - Distributed Coalition Planning/Decision-MakingTA4 - Distributed Coalition Planning/Decision-Making

Planning and decision-making that takes into consideration the human, social, and technical interactions anticipated in distributed coalition teams• Mission adaptive collaborations

(Poltrock, Boeing)

• Cultural analysis (Sieck, Klein Assoc)

• Shared situational awareness/ Semantic Battlespace Infosphere (Waggett, IBM-UK)

• Improved understanding of multinational planning and decision making

• Agile, adaptive collaboration among humans and software agents engaged in collaborative decision-making

• Ontologies to support meaning-preserving modes of information exchange and information fusion

Years 2 - 3 Objectives

TA4 – Collaboration across TasksTA4 – Collaboration across Tasks TA4 – Collaboration across TasksTA4 – Collaboration across Tasks

Plan Representation

Analyzing Culturally Dependent

Communication Patterns

Interpretation of human activity

Information Flow Analysis

Interpretation of human activity

Computer Mediated Social Interactions

Cultural Modelling of

Planning and Intent

Battlefield IIWest Point/Shrivenham

Semantic Integration and Coalition Knowledge Networks

Agent Support for ad-hoc Adaptive Teamwork

P 11

P 12

P 10

ITA ThemesITA ThemesITA ThemesITA Themes• Objectives

– To encourage more cross-technical area communication and collaboration

– A mechanism for promoting the ITA to a non-technical audience• Topics

– Information Flows– Dynamic Communities– Trust and Risk

• Outcomes– Related to the scenario and its vignettes– Outcomes of Tasks promoted in the context of the scenario

through:• Story board• Papers• Presentations• .....

Theme 1 – Information FlowsTheme 1 – Information FlowsTheme 1 – Information FlowsTheme 1 – Information Flows

• Information sharing– Key component of Network Centric Operations– Providing both the right information to the right users at the right

time and also the means for users to share and use information

• For the soldier on the ground this is a hard problem– Dependent upon ad-hoc mobile communications networks– Part of a coalition force with national differences in equipment,

security policies and culture

• Many Information Sources– Sensors, humans, data bases and automated systems.– Must take into account both the security and network

constraints.– Recognise the human dimension

• Which information will be easiest for the user to understand and use

Theme 2 – Dynamic CommunitiesTheme 2 – Dynamic CommunitiesTheme 2 – Dynamic CommunitiesTheme 2 – Dynamic Communities• Dynamic Mission-Driven Communities of Interest

– A sub-group of a coalition, formed dynamically to support agile forces to address a mission in a very short amount of time

– Require dynamic and static networks with certain properties:• Robustness• Small world characteristics• Security• Bandwidth efficiency• .....

• Multiple and competing missions can take place in same area– Issues of collaboration and concurrency– Dynamic allocation of resources– Local autonomy of resources

• Involves networks from physical to social, applied holistically

Theme 3 – Trust and RiskTheme 3 – Trust and RiskTheme 3 – Trust and RiskTheme 3 – Trust and Risk

• What does this mean to the commander and the soldier on the ground ?– Trust in the information, Risk in the decision

you will make

• Sources of the data– SIGINT, HUMINT, Profiling

• Timing constraints– Non-Constrained

• Information on a potential suicide attack

– Constrained• Suicide attack – Vehicle or person(s)

The Holistan ScenariosThe Holistan ScenariosThe Holistan ScenariosThe Holistan Scenarios• Search & Rescue in Urban Terrain

– Downed helicopter – crew moving to an ERV• Dynamic resourcing of assets & personnel• Exploitation of existing communications network• Establishment and exploitation of data sensor network• Establishing ad hoc secure communications network• Cultural issues

• Dirty Bomb (WME)– Plot to plant a device with some nuclear capability in capital city

• Provenance of Intelligence• Dynamic deployment of ad hoc sensor network• Dynamic deployment of communications network• Dynamic deployment of assets & personnel• Coalition interoperability• Intelligence communities interoperability

• Tracking Insurgents– Destabilising operation by insurgents

• Establish communications network• Covert insertion of HUMINT assets• Establish data sensor network• Military/Intelligence co-operation

• Natural Disaster– Primary roles for non-military participants (NGOs and Government Agencies)

• Establish logistics network• Establish communications network• Establish geo-sensorrnetworks• Provenance of ground truth

Future Events and InformationFuture Events and InformationFuture Events and InformationFuture Events and Information

Events– Annual Conference

• September 25-27 2007, University of Maryland

• Website– http://www.usukita.org

• Any Questions ?– john_ibbotson@uk.ibm.com