Skin Care in Adolescents

Watch out for your

muscles!  

DID YOU KNOW? Scientific Revolution

   

Thanks for coming guys!

Have all the family together for new year’s dinner: THERE’S NO PRICE.

INDEX:

Skin Care in Adolescents ................................................ Page 4 Did You Know? ............................................................... Page 5 Watch out for your muscles! ............................................ Page 7 Experiment! Muscle Fatigue ........................................... Page 9 Entertainment: Human Body parts ................................ Page13 Bibliography (MLA Format) .......................................... Page 15

 

Now-a-days it’s of extremely importance for adolescents to protect themselves from many dangers that threat their skin or “epidermis”. There are many different ways to treat or prevent all the possible dangers and problems in the skin, which would be exposed on the following lines, the ways they should be done and the frequency they should be applied. Since during this stage of growth in humans involves many different changes, we have to stand out the presence, of the androgens in the males and the estrogens in females, which are the culprits of the changes on the skin and the hair growth and many other important stuff. One of the worst situations during adolescence involving the skin is the apparition of those horrible pimples on our face better known as Acne. Acne is due thanks to the increase in production of the oil sebum, which is in charge of lubricating the hair and the skin, but if the pores on our skin are filled with this oil, the small red pimples will start showing up.

A good tip for reducing and preventing the breakouts are: to wash your face twice a day with a special soap and warm water, it´s important to

indicate that pimples should not be popped up since this could only expand the problem and push infected material deep into your skin. You should always take care of the acne, especially during adolescence, since it’s the stage of our life when we are more affected by it. Another important problem during this period of our life is our nutrition. As the Dr. Hans Lautenschläger said: “Beginning with puberty the adolescents also start to follow beauty ideals which often interfere with the needs of the individual body. Diets and unbalanced nutrition have their effects on health and skin.” This is so true in both males and females since both of them try to be the most beautiful/handsome as possible to attract the opposite sex, however the bad manipulation of your nutrition may lead to negative effects on your skin. These are some of the problems that may cause damage to our epidermis, and that we should be really attentive to, however, they aren’t the only troubles adolescents may experience during this stage, they have to be aware from diseases, the sun and the UV-rays, they personal hygiene and the make-up they use. Each and every one of these situations may be treated with the help of an expert on the matter, such as dermatologists, which will guide you with the right information and procedures to protect you skin.

   Science Skin Care in Adolescents

Bacteria Discovery Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see and describe bacteria with a microscope. He was making observations on the plaque between his own teeth; he did these observations with his daughter and wife and with two other men who never brushed their teeth. He noticed that there were small living animalcules, which had a speedy motion through the water (saliva). Then he noticed that in one of the men’s mouth were larger amounts of the animalcules. This was one of the first recorded observations of living bacteria. This helped people to know that if they washed their teeth more often, they’ll have fewer bacteria in their mouths.

First Pneumatic Pump Denis Papin was the son of a protestant doctor and Robert Boyle was a chemist and physicist. They both met in a school in England where they were ones of the best students in there. They both worked with air pressure. At the beginnings of the seventeenth century on the air pumps, they created a pneumatic machine. As the year passed it got more changes in it until it became the respirator or pneumatic pump that we know today.

De Humani Corporis Fabrica Andreas Vesalius was a revolutionary figure in the history of human anatomy and medicine. He was the author of one of the most important books on human anatomy called “De humani corporis fabrica”. The book consisted on illustrations and images of the skeletal system, muscles, circulatory system, nerves and internal organs. Jan van Calcar made the drawings. Every image was supported by a description. He corrected serious errors showed in Galen’s anatomy since it was based on the study of the anatomy of animals. No text on anatomy before had ever been illustrated so well. This book is still used today in the medical fields.

 Did You Know? Scientific Revolution

Oxygen Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was a chemist and economist, among other things. He is most well-known for his discovery of what the role oxygen plays in combustion. Lavoisier started his experiments when gases were hardly known to exist. Gladly, the gases involved in respiration had already been identified and categorized by others. He discovered that combustion and respiration are caused by chemical reactions where oxygen is taken up by blood in the lungs. He showed that oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is exhaled. He also gave new names to substances, which are still used today, for example oxygen. Blood Transfusion In 1625 a Frenchmen called Jean-Baptist Denys discovered a method for passing blood from patient to patient. Blood transfusion are used for many medical conditions, during the firsts blood transfusion the doctor used whole blood. Now in days many method of blood transfusion exist but that discovery had a great impact in the actuality. In chirurgic operations blood transfusion may be used to safe patients or any other reason.

Homeopathy Paracelsus made an anticipation of what we call now “Homeopathy” which consist of giving the patient the same thing that made him sick (in small doses) so that his body could get used to it and develop antibodies against it. He stated, “What makes a man ill also cures him”. This helped a lot because when the body had these “diseases” inside their body, the body would adapt to it and as it adapts it becomes stronger to it by creating antibodies.

Blood’s Movement In the seventeenth century, William Harvey described precisely the description and movement of blood around the whole body and also stated how it pumped around every part. Today we can assimilate it with the creation of the blood trespassing method, but each one has its own contributions. In surgery doctors need to know by where does the blood go so they don’t damage and important arterial or vein. Hemorrhage Control Abroise Pare was considered one of the best surgeons of the century. He was the one who discovered the ligation of the arteries in the human body. This helped surgeon a lot during their surgeries because they were away that if they broke o vein that was connected to one of the arteries in the heart it would cause a hemorrhage and the patient would die. This helped a lot for the hemorrhage control.

   

 

Many people want to start doing exercise in the gym, but the problem comes out when they realize they really don’t know which routine to follow. The truth is that for getting a benefit of doing exercise you need to know what you’ll do to your body and take many precautions so you don’t get an injury. Usually professionals are hired to be in the gym for any help. There are three main types of exercise, the cardiovascular, the resistance training, and the flexibility. Each one must be done in different frequency and durations to prevent injuries. Cardiovascular exercise, also referred to them as “aerobic exercise” or “cardio” for shorter names, is activities using your large muscle such as the legs and helps make your heart and lungs stronger. It has lots of benefits like lowering blood pressure, and also it can burn lots of calories – for those who want to lose weight. It also has psychological benefits, such as help you feel stronger and more capable, happier, more energetic, etc. The word aerobic means the need of oxygen. While doing the exercises oxygen goes all through your body. To give your heart a proper workout you need to make sure that you do your cardiovascular exercise with a certain amount of intensity, but without overdoing it. You can measure your heart rate manually or with a heart monitor. Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute. To calculate your maximum heart rate you can use a formula.

In case you are a women: 226 – (your age) = maximum heart rate In case you are a men: 220 – (your age) = maximum heart rate There are three types of cardiovascular exercise. They can be divided into indoor and outdoor or with and without special exercise equipment. Outside Cardiovascular Exercises: This includes running, walking, jogging, bicycling, jump-roping, swimming and some types of skiing. Inside Cardiovascular Exercises: This includes stationary bicycles, rowing machines, elliptical trainers and ladder climbers, etc. The frequency and duration of each exercise depends on your physical performance, your weight, your age, and other characteristics. For those needs there will always be your gym teacher that will guide you telling which routine you must follow to prevent any injury. The second type of exercise is the Resistance Training or Strength Training, which doesn’t mean you will increase your resistance to do exercise. What it really means is any exercise that causes your muscles to contract against an external resistance with the expectation of increases in strength, tone, and mass. The external resistance can be rubber exercise, your own body weight, bricks, bottles of water, or any other object that causes the muscles to contract. There are two types of resistance exercises; the isometric resistance and the isotonic resistance. The Isometric resistance refers to the realization of exercises with non-moving objects such as the floor; some examples are push-ups. The Isotonic resistance involves contracting your muscles through a range of motion as in weight lifting. Both types have the same results but with different materials.

 Science Watch out for your Muscles!

After puberty, you begin to lose around 1% of your bone and muscle strength every year. "One of the best ways to stop, prevent, and even reverse bone and muscle loss is to add strength training to your workouts" advises Troy Tuttle, MS, an exercise physiologist at the University of Texas Medical School in Houston." If you have arthritis, strength training can be as effective as medication in decreasing arthritis pain. Strength training can help post-menopausal women increase their bone density and reduce the risk of bone fractures. And for people with diabetes type two, strength training, along with other healthy lifestyle changes, can help improve glucose control. Other benefits you get from the strength resistance exercises are being stronger and fitter, have better balance, coordination, posture and flexibility. It also boosts your energy levels and improves your mood. For better symptoms and better results is preferable to do them in intercalated days; for example Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Some resistance training exercises you can do: Isometric Push Ups… 1. Starting in the push up position with arms fully extended, lower your self to about half way to the floor. 2. Hold this position for 10-30 seconds remembering to breathe. Repeat 2-3 times.

Isometric Shoulder Raises… 1. Standing with feet shoulder width apart raise a dumbbell (or light weight) directly out to your side. 2. When your arm is parallel to the ground hold for 10-30 seconds or until your arm begins to drop. 3. Repeat 2-3 times and change arms. Alternatively you can work both arms at once, which can be a little better for posture.

Isometric Hip Abductions 1. Stand to the side of a sturdy chair or table for support. Your left leg should be next to the back of the chair. 2. Holding on to the chair with your left arm only, raise your right leg directly out to the side as high as you can. 3. Hold your leg as close to parallel to the floor as your can and keep that position for 10-30 seconds. 4. Repeat 2-3 times and change legs. The last, but not least, type of exercise is the flexibility. Many people don’t think of flexibility exercises as part of a workout plan, they only use them before starting the routine, which is also important. Staying loose and flexible helps you prevent many injuries during the exercises. "An important rule that even elite athletes sometimes break is this: Don’t stretch cold muscles." says Troy Tuttle, MS, an exercise physiologist at University of Texas Medical School at Houston. The best way to warm up before flexibility exercises is to do some aerobic activity at an easy pace for 5 to 10 minutes. "Blood is then channeled to the exercising muscles, the muscles become hydrated and fed, and then flexibility exercises can be done on warm, properly conditioned muscle," advises Tuttle. Everyone should stretch before and after every workout. Doing flexibility exercises has many benefits such as increasing the range of motion of your joints and muscles and prevent injuries by elongating the tendons and ligaments that will be engaged during the workout. Good flexibility goes hand in hand with having a better posture and balance. As you do flexibility workouts, you increase the potential space in which your muscles will perform; in turn, increases their supply of blood and nutrients and helps your muscles get rid of waste products such as lactic acid. Flexibility exercises must be done slowly and gently. Concentrate on breading smoothly to avoid tensing up. Hold each stretch for 10 seconds and repeat the exercise for 3 to 5 times. As you go on, you can hold each stretch for up to 30 seconds. Finally, doing exercise isn’t an easy thing to do. But it is worth it because of its benefits. Don’t be part of the 1,200 million people with obesity problems in the world and GET IN FIT

In this experiment we will make an experiment based on muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue is the

decline in the ability of a muscle to produce force. Making a large amount of exercise mainly

causes this fatigue. When the muscle has been contracting for a large amount of time, it

starts to lose the ability to do things. There are other causes of muscle fatigue, such as an

improper alimentation or a disease. Improper alimentation and diseases can interfere with the

arrival of substances that the muscle needs in order to work properly. Other causes of muscle

fatigue can be to inhale or ingest substances that can reduce the ability of the muscle to work

properly. The muscle fatigue caused by doing exercise arrives differently depending on

different factors in an individual. Some of the factors that may change this are age, gender,

weight and how much exercise do he/she does. In this experiment we will make a muscle

fatigue test on four different persons, two athletes and two non-athletes, in which all will do

the same exercise, Jumping Jacks. By doing this we will compare the results and find how

does being or not being an athlete affects the amount of muscle fatigue in an individual.

Our hypothesis to this experiment is that non-athletes will experience muscle fatigue faster

than those who are athletes.

 

The experiment consists in doing Jumping Jacks

in lapses of 10 seconds. As the laps go by, you

record the jumping jacks you completed in the

10 seconds. That way you can compare the

jumping jacks you did in the first laps and on the

last ones an you’ll see how there was muscle

fatigue involved.

 Experiment Time!

Muscle Fatigue

Data    

 

 

   

y  =  -­‐0.0667x  +  11.867  R²  =  0.14667  

0  2  4  6  8  10  12  14  

0   2   4   6   8   10   12  Times  done  the  excercize  

Intervals  

Diego  Villarreal  (athlete)  

Series1  

Linear  (Series1)  

y  =  0.0242x  +  11.867  R²  =  0.00346  

0  2  4  6  8  10  12  14  16  

0   2   4   6   8   10   12  

Times  done  the  excercize  

Luis  Manuel  Salame  (athlete)  

Series1  

Linear  (Series1)  

 Diego  Villarreal   Luis  Manuel   Armando   Diego  Alba  

10  seconds   12  repetitions   11   15   12  20  seconds   11   12   13   11  30  seconds   12   15   12   10  40  seconds   11   11   10   10  50  seconds   12   11   11   9  60  seconds   12   11   9   9  70  seconds   12   12   11   10  80  seconds   11   12   11   10  90  seconds   11   13   22   10  100  seconds   11   12   6   11  

 

y  =  -­‐0.1333x  +  12.733  R²  =  0.00905  

0  

5  

10  

15  

20  

25  

0   2   4   6   8   10   12  

Times  done  the  excercize  

Intervals  

José  Armando  Ramos  (non-­‐athlete)  

Series1  

Linear  (Series1)  

y  =  -­‐0.097x  +  10.733  R²  =  0.10207  

0  

2  

4  

6  

8  

10  

12  

14  

0   2   4   6   8   10   12  

Times  done  the  excercize  

Intervals  

Diego  Alva  (non-­‐athlete)  

Series1  

Linear  (Series1)  

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we can observe that the hypothesis was correct but not totally, because the

athletes had better performance in general, but the non-athletes didn’t stay behind and also

had a really good performance. One of the non-athletes had a better performance than one of

the athletes and had the same than the other athlete, but in general the athletes did better.

Also our knowledge and investigation helped us realize that the athletes are prepared to do

exercise in any time of the day, meanwhile the non-athletes aren’t prepared. During the

exercise we took 5 seconds before starting the next trial. The muscle fatigue didn’t take

presence clearly in the results, but for example in Armando’s case he jumped from 11 to 22 to

6. In that example we can see the lactic acid that went through his muscles. Even though the

results aren’t very clear on the differences, the athletes usually are better in this type of tests.

What we recommend to other people that will do this experiment would be to change the

exercise we did, which was jumping jacks. We recommend them to do push-ups so the lactic

acid in the muscle can be more evident in the results.

   

Les Mots-Mêlés

 

Trouvez les mots suivants. (Find the following words)    

 

Entertainment

Résponses (Answers):  

     French à English: bouche : mouth bras : arm cheveux : hair cou : neck doigts : fingers dos : back jambe : leg main : hand nez : nose pied : foot tête : head yeux : eyes

Bibliography (MLA) "Types of Cardiovascular Exercise." Ideas for Women. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ideasforwomen.com/health/fit-5sp-cardio-4.php>. "Benefits of Cardiovascular Exercise." Ideas for Women. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ideasforwomen.com/health/fit-5sp-cardio-3.php>. "Cardiovascular Exercise Programs." Ideas for Women. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ideasforwomen.com/health/fit-5sp-cardio-2.php>. "Resistance Training Benefits, Types, Techniques and Programs on EMedicineHealth.com." Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.emedicinehealth.com/strength_training/article_em.htm>. Iliades, Chris. "6 Reasons to Add Strength Training to Your Workout Plan - Fitness Center - EverydayHealth.com." Health Information, Resources, Tools & News Online - EverydayHealth.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/add-strength-training-to-your-workout.aspx>. "Isometric Exercises for Static Strength Training." Phil Davies' Sports Fitness Advisor - Get Fit for Sport & Life. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/isometric-exercises.html>. Iliades, Chris. "Add Flexibility Exercises to Your Workout - Fitness Center - Everyday Health." Health Information, Resources, Tools & News Online - EverydayHealth.com. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.everydayhealth.com/fitness/workouts/flex-time.aspx>. "Skin Care for the Adolescent Skin." Hautschutz - Hautpflege - Dermatika. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. <http://www.dermaviduals.de/english/publications/problem-skin/skin-care-for-the-adolescent-skin.html>. "Tips for Taking Care of Your Skin." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. <http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_body/take_care/skin_tips.html>. Keefe, Martin. "Skin Disease in Childhood and Adolescence." British medical journal 312.7043 (1996): 1429-. ProQuest Health & Medical Complete; ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source; ProQuest Research Library; ProQuest Science Journals. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. Waggoner, Ben. Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). UCMP. August 26,1996. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html> B"Paracelsus (German-Swiss Physician) :: Contributions to Medicine -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/442424/Paracelsus/5505/Contributions-to-medicine> Filsoufi, Dr. Farzan. "TheMitralvalve.org - Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)." Mitral Valve Repair, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Mitral Valve Replacement. The Mitral Valve, 2011. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.themitralvalve.org/mitralvalve/andreas-vesalius>. "Cornelis Drebbel (Dutch Inventor) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/171268/Cornelis-Drebbel>. "Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier | Chemical Heritage Foundation." Homepage of the Chemical Heritage Foundation | Chemical Heritage Foundation. Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2010. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. <http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/chemistry-in-history/themes/early-chemistry-and-gases/lavoisier.aspx>. "El Surgimiento De La Medicina Científica. La Revolución Científica." PlanetSEED. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://www.planetseed.com/es/node/17364>. "17th Century - Timeline and Inventions of the 17th Century." Inventors. Web. 19 Jan. 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/Seventeenth.htm>.

 Group – 114

Team - 8

Diego Villarreal - A01192613

Luis Manuel Salame - A01192866 Gerardo Dávila - A01192853

Juan Pablo Dabdoub - A01192812